Anatomical and developmental aspects of iatrogenic injury to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve in surgical resections of substernal goiter.

Thyroid surgery is the primary treatment for substernal goiters, and iatrogenic injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RNL) is always a risk. The literature suggests that iatrogenic lesions of the RNL post resection of substernal goiter are not equally distributed, being more frequent on the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (R-RLN) in comparison to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (L-RLN). The relative paucity of basic anatomical and clinical reportages on R-RLN iatrogenic injuries and on the developmental factors that may help explain its higher incidence justifies this study's undertaking. Here we compare incidence of right versus left iatrogenic injuries to the RLN in surgical resections of substernal goiters and discuss the anatomical and embryological factors involved. This report is part of a larger retrospective observational cohort study of 239 patients surgically treated for substernal goiter in the Gaffrée and Guinle University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, from 2006 to 2018. From 239 patients, 13 presented with iatrogenic RLN injury, one patient presented bilateral lesion, totalling 15 iatrogenic lesions. Our analysis showed that the R-RLN seems to be anatomically more vulnerable to injury due to the embryological underpinnings addressed in this review, R-RLN = 64.29% (n = 9) and L-RLN = 35.71% (n = 5). Pathological factors like malignancy and size of the mass are relevant issues to be considered. The knowledge of anatomical landmarks and embryological development of the thyroid and associated structures can improve our understanding and teaching of surgical anatomy, thus helping prevent and reduce the number of iatrogenic injuries on right RLNs.

Síndrome de ogilvie tratada por transversostomia: relato de caso / Ogilvie syndrome treated for transversostomy: case story

Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente de 52 anos, cirrótico, com traumatismo crânio encefálico pós queda da própria altura que, no segundo dia de internação, apresentou quadro clínico de obstrução intestinal baixa. Após 48 horas de tratamento ocorreu piora da distensão abdominal e dos vômitos, apresentando ainda febre, irritação peritoneal e leucocitose. Com impressão diagnóstica de Síndrome de Ogilvie complicada, indicamos laparotomia exploradora na qual encontramos: acentuada distensão do intestino delgado e grosso com o ceco medindo 14 cm e confirmamos ainda a ausência de obstrução intestinal mecânica. Optamos por realizar transversostomia em alça no ângulo hepático, com maturação precoce. A evolução pós-operatória foi satisfatória.

Abdômen agudo como complicaçäo tardia de anastomose de bolsa ileal em j ao ânus. Relato de caso / The acute abdomen within J pouch anal anastomosis. Related case

Os autores reportam um caso de abdômen agudo por microperfurações no íleo distal remanescente, o qual apresentava sinais inflamatórios e dilataçäo intestinal. O paciente era um homem de 21 anos, submetidos a proctocolectomia com anastomose bolsa ileal em J ao anus, quando o mesmo tinha 13 anos de idade com polipose familiar adenomatosa