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1.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol ; 50(4): 517-524, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33210939

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The heterogeneous symptom presentation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) requires clinicians to consider each child's unique constellation of symptoms and tailor intervention accordingly. Treatment moderators, though necessary to guide evidence-based treatment decisions, are significantly under-studied. This brief report aims to expand on previous literature by providing an overview of characteristics which may influence treatment outcome and specifying future directions to build on this preliminary evidence base. METHOD: A subset of treatment modalities was identified from the National Clearinghouse on Autism Evidence and Practice Review Team's most recent report including discrete trial early intensive behaviorally based treatment, social skills training, and cognitive behavioral interventions. Within these treatment modalities, individual interventions with significant support were specifically discussed. Due to the lack of research on treatment moderators, a discussion of significant predictors of treatment outcome is also included. RESULTS: Preliminary evidence suggests that overall, treatment intensity, duration, and parent involvement are the most consistently identified predictors (and in some studies, moderators) of treatment outcome; sessions which occur more frequently, continue for longer periods of time, and include parent training or coaching may yield the best outcomes. Other characteristics, including age and IQ, have been widely debated, with differing results found across treatment modalities. CONCLUSIONS: The sparsity of research demonstrates a clear need for continued research on moderators to guide clinical judgment. Future studies that recruit larger samples targeting specific ASD symptoms at specific ages may be more adequately powered to detect these moderating effects.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno del Espectro Autista/terapia , Adolescente , Trastorno Autístico/terapia , Niño , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Humanos , Resultado del Tratamiento
2.
Autism ; 24(1): 64-79, 2020 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31096780

RESUMEN

Youth with autism spectrum disorder can face social-communication challenges related to sexuality, dating, and friendships. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the Supporting Teens with Autism on Relationships program. In total, 84 youth with autism spectrum disorder aged 9 to 18 and their parents participated in this study; two groups received the Supporting Teens with Autism on Relationships program (interventionist-led parent group vs parent self-guided), while an attentional control group received a substance abuse prevention program that included instruction in problem-solving and social skills. Feasibility and acceptability of the Supporting Teens with Autism on Relationships program was high overall. The Supporting Teens with Autism on Relationships program was effective in increasing parent and youth knowledge of sexuality, while the attentional control was not. There was preliminary support for improvement in parenting efficacy related to discussing sexuality with their children. Gains were seen among completers regardless of whether the parent received support from a facilitator. Implications and future directions are discussed.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno del Espectro Autista/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/métodos , Educación Sexual/métodos , Conducta Sexual/psicología , Habilidades Sociales , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Padres/psicología
3.
J Autism Dev Disord ; 49(2): 556-568, 2019 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30145735

RESUMEN

With the increasing prevalence of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), research examining the service experiences of this population is greatly needed. The current study investigated service use, unmet needs, and obstacles to service access for a large sample of adults with ASD. After accounting for various demographic factors known to impact service usage and needs, living situation was a significant predictor of service use, needs, and obstacles to services. Adults with ASD living with family reported less service use, higher unmet need, and more obstacles to accessing services. With more than half of this adult sample living with family, results have clear public policy implications to support the increasing population of adults with ASD living with aging caregivers.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno del Espectro Autista/epidemiología , Utilización de Instalaciones y Servicios/estadística & datos numéricos , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud/normas , Adulto , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/rehabilitación , Niño , Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Características de la Residencia , Condiciones Sociales
4.
Autism ; 21(5): 622-634, 2017 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27313190

RESUMEN

Low-income and ethnic minority families continue to face critical disparities in access to diagnostic and treatment services for neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Despite the growing cultural diversity of the United States, ethnic minority children and families continue to be substantially underrepresented across research on neurodevelopmental disorders, and there is a particularly concerning lack of research on the treatment of these conditions in low-income and ethnic minority communities. Of note, there are currently no published studies on adapting autism spectrum disorder treatment for low-income Latino communities and relatively few studies documenting adapted treatments for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in these communities. This article describes methodological considerations and adaptations made to research procedures using a Diffusion of Innovation framework in order to effectively recruit and engage low-income, ethnic minority, particularly Latino, families of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, in a comparative effectiveness trial of two school-based interventions for executive dysfunction.


Asunto(s)
Diversidad Cultural , Asistencia Sanitaria Culturalmente Competente/métodos , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/terapia , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/métodos , Investigación , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/psicología , Pobreza , Estados Unidos
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