Internet gaming disorder: The prevalence and associated gaming behavior, anxiety, and depression among 8-12-year-old children of private schools in Salem city, India.

BACKGROUND: The escalating concern over Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among children underscores the urgency of comprehending its determinants and links to mental health, particularly for interventions targeting school-aged children. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of IGD and its association with depression, anxiety, and behavior among 8-12-year-old children attending private schools in Salem city. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional study involving 780 children aged 8-12 years from Salem district was conducted. Schools were randomly sampled, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were gathered from children without genetic, systemic, or mental disorders and brain trauma. The questionnaire, adapted from Alhamoud M A et al. (2022), encompassed sections on sociodemographic characteristics, gaming behavior, and scales for assessing IGD, depression, and anxiety. Administration occurred during school hours with a 30-35 min completion time. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data analysis utilized SPSS v23.0, including descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi-square tests for intergroup comparisons, and Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine associations. RESULTS: The prevalence of IGD in Salem district was 1.2%, with higher rates of anxiety and depression observed among older children, particularly males. CONCLUSIONS: A positive correlation was evident between IGD, anxiety, and depression. Urgent preventive measures have to be warranted to curb the rising trend of IGD, such as limiting screen time and promoting outdoor activities to enhance children's overall health.

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficiency of Polymer Bur, Cera Bur, and Tungsten Carbide Bur in Dentin Caries Excavation of Mandibular Primary Molars: An In vivo Study.

Conservative caries removal has become an integral part of minimally invasive dentistry (MID). Polymer and Cera burs are two feasible MID methods. The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of Polymer, Cera, and Tungsten carbide bur in dentin caries excavation of mandibular primary molars. 45 children in the age group of 6-8 years with dentin caries, not involving pulp in the second mandibular primary molars, were selected for the study. The three burs compared were polymer bur, Cera bur, and Tungsten Carbide bur. The excavation of carious lesion was performed with each burs using a slow-speed handpiece with 500-1000rpm. Caries removal efficiency was evaluated using the Visual-Tactile method and confirmed Dye detection method. The time taken to complete the caries removal was measured using a stopwatch. The patient's pain perception was assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The intergroup comparisons based on time, dye, and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS) were arrived at using Mann-Whitney and Fisher Exact tests at P < 0.0001. A statistical significance between the three groups on the time taken for caries removal at P < 0.0001. No statistical significance was observed between the three groups for caries removal efficiency and pain perception using the dye and WBFPRS scores at P > 0.001. Cera burs had shown high caries removal efficiency, which had taken less time in the excavation, with reduced pain perception followed by Tungsten Carbide bur and the polymer bur in mandibular primary molars.

Role of probiotics and synbiotics on inhibiting Streptococcus mutans level in saliva of children: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Probiotics and synbiotics through its direct and indirect interactions interferes with biofilm formation, competes with oral microorganisms thereby creating better oral health. AIM: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Probiotics and Synbiotics on inhibiting Streptococcus mutans level in saliva of children after 15 days of daily intake of probiotic and synbiotic curd. METHODOLOGY: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was planned. Salivary samples at baseline were collected from forty children in the age group of 6-12 years who were divided into two groups of 20 each to receive probiotic and synbiotic curd respectively for 15 days. Salivary samples were collected after intervention and S. mutans levels were estimated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Intra- and inter-group comparison of mean S. mutans levels for both the groups were done using the paired and unpaired t-test respectively. The statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: A statistically significant reduction in salivary S. mutans counts was observed in both the groups after 15 days (P < 0.001). A significantly higher inhibition of S. mutans growth was present in the probiotic compared to synbiotic group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Probiotics and Synbiotics were effective in inhibiting salivary S. mutans level of children. However, inhibition of S. mutans growth was found to be better in children who consumed Probiotic curd than the Synbiotic curd.

Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of two adhesive materials on demineralized dentin treated with silver diamine fluoride: An in-vitro study.

CONTEXT: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common diseases in the children of developing countries, affecting their oral health-related quality of life. From an economic perspective, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) can limit the progression of active carious lesions. AIMS: To estimate and compare the loss of shear bond strength among two adhesive materials on SDF-treated demineralized primary teeth dentin. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Laboratory setting and in-vitro study design. METHODS AND MATERIAL: For the in-vitro study, 40 primary teeth indicated for extraction were selected. The demineralization solution was 5% nitric acid. The samples were divided into four groups, Group 1 - GIC Type IX, Group 2 - Self-etch (SE) adhesive + G-Aenial Universal Flo, Group 3 - SDF + GIC Type IX, and Group 4 - SDF + SE adhesive + G-Aenial Universal Flo. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive analysis and analysis of variance with Tukey's Post hoc test. RESULTS: The shear bond strength of GC G-Aenial Universal Flo(18.8165 ± 13.0448 MPa) found to be superior to GIC (5.7845 ± 1.8968 MPa). However, bond strength was significantly reduced with GC G-Aenial Universal Flo(34.0441 ± 14.1949/18.8165 ± 13.0448 MPa) compared to GIC (7.7956 ± 2.2804/5.7845 ± 1.8968 MPa) following the application of SDF. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that SE adhesive + GC G-Aenial Universal Flois the material with better shear bond strength compared to GIC Type IX with and without SDF. Considering the severity and prevalence of ECC, socioeconomic strata of Indian population, the choice of material for masking the discoloration, and prevention of disease, GIC can be suggested as an alternative over GC G-Aenial Universal Flo.

A Clinical and Radiographic Comparison of Platelet-rich Fibrin and Lyophilized Platelet-derived Preparation as Pulpotomy Agent in Primary Molars.

INTRODUCTION: Vital pulpotomy in primary molar teeth is aimed to retain the tooth in function until it is replaced by its successors. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and lyophilized platelet-derived preparation (LPDP) as a pulpotomy agent in primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty primary molars from 20 healthy children aged 5-9 years requiring pulpotomy in the contralateral side of mandible were randomly selected. In both the groups, pulpotomy was carried out by removing coronal pulp and achieving hemostasis, the radicular part of pulp tissue was packed with PRF preparation in Group I and LPDP (Mothercell Research Centre, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India) in Group II. The teeth were restored with zinc oxide eugenol and glass ionomer cement (GIC), followed by stainless steel crown in the same visit. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was undertaken at 1, 3, and 6 months interval. RESULTS: The overall success rate was 90% in PRF group and 95% in LPDP group at the end of 6 months. The results were statistically nonsignificant between the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The overall outcome of the study suggests that PRF and LPDP are acceptable pulpotomy agents and are promising in the era of new vital pulp therapy procedure.

Maternal Knowledge Regarding Feeding Practices and its Effect on Occlusion of Primary Dentition in Children: A Cross-sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Infant feeding practices are an important factor influencing malocclusion in deciduous dentition, which can have long-lasting negative outcomes on oral health-related quality of life. Hence, knowledge, attitudes and cultural practices of mothers are vital in prevention of this. OBJECTIVE: The present study was carried out to assess the mother's knowledge about feeding practices and its influence on primary dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study was a cross-sectional study of 187 mothers of 3- to 5-year-old children identified with malocclusion, conducted in the pedodontics department of tertiary care teaching dental hospital in South India. RESULTS: Majority of the mothers were graduates (31.6%) or undergraduates or postgraduates (42.8%). The duration of breastfeeding was 0-3 months in 9.1%, 3-6 months in 23%, 6-12 months in 30.5%, and >12 months in 37.5%. Bottle-feeding was reported by 21.4%. Only 52.4% of the mothers were aware about caries, and 66.2% were aware of malocclusion. The prevalence of malocclusion was 63.6% in study population, and the prevalence of caries was 30.5%. The most common type of malocclusion was overjet seen in 20.9% of study subjects. The proportion of children with crowding, open bite, and crossbite was 17.1, 15, and 10.7%, respectively. There was a gradually increasing trend in malocclusion awareness with increasing educational status of the mother which was statistically not significant (p value = 0.119). The proportion of malocclusion was highest in children who received breastfeeding between 3 months and 6 months and was highest (69.8%) in children who received bottle-feeding for more than 12 months. None of the factors had shown a statistically significant association with malocclusion in study population. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of malocclusion is high in children, and mothers' awareness regarding malocclusion is poor. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: There is a need to educate mothers about proper feeding practices to prevent dental malocclusion. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Duraisamy V, Pragasam AX, Vasavaih SK, et al. Maternal Knowledge Regarding Feeding Practices and its Effect on Occlusion of Primary Dentition in Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(1):31-34.

An in vitro evaluation of the demineralization inhibitory effect of F(-) varnish and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on enamel in young permanent teeth.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the demineralization inhibitory potential of fluoride varnish and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and to compare and evaluate the additive effect of fluoride varnish + CPP-ACP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy premolar teeth that were extracted for orthodontic purposes were collected, and each tooth was longitudinally sectioned buccolingually and mesiodistally into four sections. The teeth were then assigned to four different treatment groups namely fluoride varnish, CPP-ACP, F(-) varnish followed by CPP-ACP and control. The prepared enamel samples were suspended in an artificial caries challenge for 10 days. The demineralizing inhibitory effects of the groups were recorded using polarized light microscopy. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analysis was carried out using analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests. RESULTS: The mean lesion depths of all the groups were Group 1 (fluoride varnish): 104.71, Group 2 (CPP-ACP): 127.09, Group 3: (F(-) varnish + CPP-ACP): 82.34, Group 4 (control): 146.93. CONCLUSION: Demineralization inhibitory potential on the additive use of F(-) varnish and casein phosphopeptide was superior to fluoride varnish or CPP-ACP applied alone on the enamel of young permanent teeth.

Evaluation of sealing ability two self-etching adhesive systems and a glass ionomer lining LC under composite restoration in primary tooth: An in vitro study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the sealing ability of two self-etching adhesive systems and glass ionomer cement (GIC) lining Light cure (LC) under composite restorations in primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Class V cavities are prepared on the cervical third of the facial and lingual surfaces of primary molars. The specimens are then assigned into four experimental groups. The restored primary molars are stored in distilled water and subjected to thermocycling. Each section was examined using a stereomicroscope to assess dye penetration at the margin of the restoration and evaluated via pictures. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The degree of microleakage was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and the intergroup significance by multiple comparison analysis. RESULTS: The mean rank of the groups are Group I (Adper Prompt™ + Z-100) 19.44, Group II (UniFil BOND + Solare) 5.38, Group III (GIC lining LC + Z-100) 20.06, and Group IV (GIC lining LC + Solare) 21.13 with the P < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Composite resin restorations bonded with two-step self-etching adhesive system (UniFil Bond) exhibited lesser microleakage than one-step self-etching adhesive system (Adperprompt™) in primary teeth.