RESUMEN
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morbidity of thoracoplasty, and more specifically its effect on pulmonary function, after surgery with hybrid constructs using sublaminar bands in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). BACKGROUND: Cosmetic concern is one of the main reasons to consider surgery in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Several studies have demonstrated significant improvement of self-image scores after thoracoplasty. However, consequences of thoracoplasty on pulmonary function (ie, pulmonary function tests [PFTs]) remain controversial. METHODS: After institutional review board approval, 96 consecutive AIS patients with thoracic curves (Lenke 1 and 2) were included between January 2014 and November 2015. All patients underwent low-dose stereoradiography with 3D reconstructions. Surgical procedure was the same in all patients: posterior correction using posteromedial translation technique with hybrid constructs (thoracic sublaminar bands and lumbar pedicle screws). Pulmonary function was explored with PFTs (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and total lung capacity). Radiographic parameters and PFT results were compared between patients with and without thoracoplasty preoperatively and at two years postoperation. RESULTS: Mean age was 15 ± 2 years, and body mass index averaged 18.8 ± 2.6. Thirty-six patients (37.5%) underwent thoracoplasty. Both groups were comparable preoperatively regarding demographic data, radiographic parameters, and PFT results. No significant difference was found between groups regarding postoperative correction rates. At the two-year follow-up, PFT results were similar to the preoperative ones and no difference was observed between groups. However, pleural effusions were reported in 26 patients (72%) on chest radiographs. Only one pleural effusion due to thoracoplasty required drainage. CONCLUSION: Results of the current study demonstrated that thoracoplasty associated with posteromedial translation technique did not alter PFT results at two years postoperation. The morbidity of the procedure is limited, and it can therefore be considered in patients with high cosmetic demand and significant residual rib hump after main curve correction. However, hump height and pain evaluation would be interesting data in a prospective study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.