RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prevalence surveillance methodology is the systematic observation of the occurrence and distribution of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) so that appropriate actions can be taken. AIM: The objectives of a prevalence survey with an international validated methodology were to determine the prevalence of HCAIs for the first time in Argentina, and to provide data which could be used for international benchmarking. METHODS: In 2008, an HCAI prevalence survey was carried out in 39 hospitals in seven of 23 provinces in Argentina, with methodology identical to that employed by the Hospital Infection Society in the third prevalence survey of HCAIs in acute hospitals in the British Isles. Data collected were processed and analysed at the Northern Ireland Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance Centre at Belfast. FINDINGS: A total of 4249 patients were surveyed; 480 of these had at least one HCAI, resulting in a prevalence of 11.3% of patients. Male prevalence was 13.6% and female 9.0%. The most common HCAIs were pneumonia (3.3%), urinary tract infection (3.1%), surgical site infection (2.9%), primary bloodstream infection (1.5%), and soft tissue infections (1.2%). Among the 1027 patients who underwent surgery, the prevalence of surgical site infection was 10.2%. The prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 1.1%, accounting for 10.0% of all HCAI isolates. The results for Argentina show higher HCAI rates compared with corresponding findings for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and South Africa. CONCLUSION: This survey will contribute to the prioritization of resources and help to inform Departments of Health and hospitals in the continuing effort to reduce HCAIs.