[The effect of the trophic and temperature conditions of cultivation on lipid synthesis by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis]. / Vliianie troficheskikh i temperaturnykh uslovii kul'tivirovaniia na sintez lipidov Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

The comparative study of the synthesis lipids in Y. pseudotuberculosis, depending on the conditions of their cultivation (at different temperatures in mineral media and in media, containing organic compounds), has been carried out. As demonstrated in this study, temperature in the main inducing factor, affecting the synthesis of lipids of definite classes and fatty acids, incorporated into these lipids. During the cultivation of Y. pseudotuberculosis in mineral and organic media under the conditions of low temperature their lipid composition remains unchanged, but at 6 degrees C the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids prevails, while at 37 degrees C saturated fatty acids are mainly synthesized. On mineral media at 37 degrees C bacteria synthesize mostly nonpolar lipids in the form of reserve substances, represented by triglycerides and free fatty acids.

[Highly purified agar for virological, immunochemical and microbiological research]. / Vysokoochishchennyi agar dlia virusologicheskikh, immunokhimicheskikh i mikrobiologicheskikh issledovaniiakh.

A new effective method for the preparation of highly purified agar for microbiological, virological and immunochemical investigations has been obtained and the technology for its production has been developed. The study revealed that the physico-chemical characteristics of newly obtained highly purified agar are much better than those of microbiological agar currently produced in Russia and not inferior to those of the best kinds of agar produced by Difco (USA), Serva and Ferak (Germany). The method of purification is protected by an author's certificate. The production of this agar for medical purposes has been permitted. The manufacturing plant "Medbioagar", created under the auspices of the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology has now started the serial production of highly purified agar under the name "Primagar". Further increase of the production of the preparation will facilitate its introduction into laboratory practice with the use of modern research methods in the fields of microbiology and virology, molecular biology and genetics, immunology and biochemistry.

[The ecological aspects of listeriosis in the Maritime Territory]. / Ekologicheskie aspekty listerioza v Primorskom krae.

In the process of batch cultivation the strains under study are capable of prolonged growth at low temperature in rich and poor nutrient media (with the term of observation equal to 4 months), while at a temperature of 37 degrees C microbial populations quickly die (in 8-35 days). In the absence of compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in the nutrient medium, Listeria can proliferate under such conditions. As established with the use of gas chromatography and the radioisotopic method, they can uptake carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen from the air gas mixture, using carbon of the first gas for the synthesis of the main biopolymers (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA and RNA) and the second one as the source of energy. During the cultivation of Listeria at low temperature in poor nutrient media (soil microecosystems, synthetic mineral media) they are capable of preserving and under favorable conditions also increasing their virulence. Its increase is facilitated by capsule formation, mobility, chemotaxis, adhesion and invasion enhancing under such conditions.

[The gas trophicity of pathogenic bacteria]. / Gazotrofiia patogennykh bakterii.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Listeria have been shown to be capable of assimilating carbon dioxide from the air and using its carbon for the synthesis of biopolymers of the bacterial cell. These microorganisms, the causative agents of saprozoonotic infections, have also been found to be capable of assimilating molecular nitrogen from the air in small amounts. The data on the influence of the growth conditions of the cultures (hydrogen concentration, the presence of carbon dioxide and oxygen, temperature) on the activity of acetylene reduction by microbial cells. At low temperature molecular nitrogen is fixed by Listeria twice as actively as by Y.pseudotuberculosis. Not all bacterial strains under study have been found to be capable of acetylene reduction. The presence of fixed nitrogen in the medium suppresses the process of the reduction of acetylene into ethylene.

[The diagnostic value of the polymerase chain reaction in tuberculosis]. / Diagnosticheskaia tsennost' polimeraznoi tsepnoi reaktsii pri tuberkuleze.

The comparative study of material obtained from tuberculosis patients in the Vladivostok Tuberculosis Dispensary was carried out with the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the bacterioscopic and bacteriological methods. The study was made on different groups of tuberculosis patients (in the phase of the active course of the disease and after convalescence), patients with nonspecific pulmonary diseases and persons having contacts with tuberculosis patients. The study revealed that PCR was 2-3 times more effective than the other above-mentioned methods and made it possible to obtain results as early as 3-5 days after material was taken.

[The nonspecific changes in the immune system to the administration of the membrane-ribosomal fraction of the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis]. / Nespetsificheskie izmeneniia v immunnoi sisteme pri vvedenii membranno-ribosomal'noi fraktsii vozbuditelia psevdotuberkuleza.

Nonspecific changes in different elements of the immune system of animals under the action of Y. pseudotuberculosis membrane-ribosomal fraction (MRF) with high protective potency have been studied for the purpose of the analysis of the preparation for immunological safety. MRF has been shown to produce no changes in humoral immune response to antigens of different nature or to enhance this response, to produce no essential effect on the intensity of the reaction of delayed hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells and to stimulate phagocytic processes in peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

[Isolation and ultrastructure of Yersinia spheroplasts and protoplasts]. / Poluchenie i ul'trastruktura sferoplastov i protoplastov u iersinii.

The conditions suitable for the cultivation of Yersinia and the inhibition of their cell-wall synthesis have been selected with the aim of obtaining spheroplasts and protoplasts of these microorganisms. Penicillin, streptomycin and lithium chloride have proved to be not very suitable for this purpose as they induce essential changes in the structure of the cytoplasmic membrane in altered Yersinia forms. The addition of 1% of glycine (for Y. pseudotuberculosis), 1-1.5% of methionine in combination with growth stimulators has made it possible to obtain Yersinia spheroplasts and protoplasts with the intact cytoplasmic membrane, thus permitting the isolation and purification of the cytoplasmic membrane fraction.

[Phenotypic variability of the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis and its reflection in the immune response]. / Fenotipicheskaia izmenchivost' vozbuditelia psevdotuberkuleza i ee otrazhenie v immunnom otvete.

The avirulent rough form of Y. pseudotuberculosis has been shown to be a weak antigen, not stimulating antibody formation, quickly destroyed in phagocytes and possessing no immunogenic properties. The virulent bacteria in the smooth form multiply in macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, sharply suppress phagocytosis, stimulate the synthesis of IgM and IgG and possess low immunogenicity. The pseudorough form of Y. pseudotuberculosis quickly spreads in the organs and tissues, is destroyed by phagocytes, stimulates only the synthesis of IgM and produces a good protective effect.

[Cellular reactions of increased delayed sensitivity in human pseudotuberculosis]. / Kletochnye reaktsii povyshennoi chuvstvitel'nosti zamedlennogo tipa pri psevdotuberkuleze cheloveka.

A total of 145 patients having Far Eastern scarlatiniform fever, 99 healthy persons and 54 patients with diseases of non-pseudotuberculous etiology have been examined by means of Fradkin's neutrophil damage test, the capillary cell migration inhibition test and the intradermal test. The specific transformation of the cellular immunity system has been shown to occur in scarlatiniform fever. This transformation takes the form of delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. The immunological tests used in this study have been found to be specific, highly sensitive, simple and suitable for diagnosing Far Eastern scarlatiniform fever.

[Protective antigen of the pseudotuberculosis microbe]. / Protektivnyi antigen psevdotuberkuleznogo mikroba.

Proteinolipopolysaccharide (PLPS) isolated from the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis has the properties of a protective antigen. It protects 86-90% of mice and guinea-pigs from lethal Y. pseudotuberculosis infection (20 lethal doses) and stimulates humoral and cellular immunity factors, as well as the phagocytic activity of monocytes. It is of particular importance due to the fact that in Y. pseudotuberculosis infection the system of mononuclear phagocytes plays a significant role in eliminating the causative agent from the body. The further study of PLPS with the aim of developing prophylactic preparations shows good promise.

[Chemical composition of surface antigens in the pseudotubercular microbe]. / Khimicheskii sostav poverkhnostnykh antigenov psevdotuberkuleznogo mikroba

Superficially-active complexes, having a toxic effect and promoting generalization of the infestation process in the animal organism have been isolated from the pseudotubercular microbe. The chemical composition of these biopolymers has been studied.