[MICRO- AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE RAT SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND IN THE LATE STAGES OF EXPERIMENTAL TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS].

Electron microscopic investigations of the animals' submandibular gland, conducted in 6 weeks of the experiment, established that ultrastructural changes increase in glandular cells of terminal secretory units in comparison with early period of the experiment. Serocytes have osmiophilic, rather small or picnotic nuclei. Perinuclear spaces of karyolemma are uneven, external nuclear membrane forms local protrusions. Electron density of the karyoplasm is significant, appearing homogenous, nuclei are not observed. Evident submicroscopic changes in blood capillaries of the submandibular gland in experimental diabetes mellitus indicate the impairment of blood-tissue barrier and transcapillary exchange. Deep destructive modifications of all branches of microcirculatory blood flow of the submandibular gland are observed in 8-week course of experimental diabetes mellitus. As compared with the 6th week of investigation, a reliable slight dilation of organ artery diameter, dilation of the diameter of interlobular arterioles, dilation of the diameter of intralobular (precapillary) arteriole and dilation of the capillary diameter were observed. Dilation, as compared to 6th weeks of the experiment, of postcapillary venules was observed. Compared to the indices of the 6th weeks of the experiment, an index of trophic activity of the submandibular gland tissuereaches its maximum meaning and an index of packing density of the capillaries reaches its minimum meaning. Capillary network loses delicate, tortuous pattern and often breaks due to destruction of the capillary component. Arteriovenous anastomoses dilate and blood from the arterioles flows into the venous bed avoiding destructed capillaries. Venules are dilated; thin-walled, retained fragments of the capillaries are significantly dilated in some areas. Swelling of connective tissue stroma and significant swelling of the interstitium are observed. Walls of the capillaries and venules are deformed. The walls of the arterioles are thickened due to plasmorrhagia, sclerosis and hyalinosis.

THE EFFECT OF COMBINED ACTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS WITH LOW-INTENSIVE LASER RADIATION ON CLINICAL STRAINS S. AUREUS AND S. SALIVARIUS IN THE ORAL CAVITY.

The oral mucosa is constantly contaminated by a large number of microorganisms that may cause diseases such as periodontitis and caries. The present paper aims to study the effectiveness of the antimicrobial effect of combined use of antibacterial drugs (AD) and low-intensity laser radiation (LLR) on S. aureus S. salivarius isolated from the oral cavity. The study included 20 individuals with dental caries, 20 individuals with periodontitis and 10 without any signs of dental disease. The material for the microbacterial study was collected from surfaces of the teeth, oral cavity with dental caries and periodontal pockets. The intensity of bacterial isolation was estimated by two factors: the frequency of isolation and percentage of other aerobic microorganisms. The obtained data demonstrated that the use of several antibacterial drugs had a different impact on the strains of S. salivarius and S. aureus, depending on the source of their collection. The collected isolates were used to determine the effect of a 5 minute laser radiation combined with antibacterial drugs. The simultaneous use of antibacterial therapy and laser radiation showed an increase in the therapeutic effect of all investigated antibiotics followed by the inhibition of the growth presentations in S. aureus and S. salivarius. The application of photodynamic therapy, e.g. LLR, combined with antibacterial drugs allowed to achieve a complete inhibition of the microbial growth.