Convergence insufficiencyCentral mini-plication of medial rectusDiplopiaConsecutive esotropiaSurgical overcorrection / Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in tears: Ocular surface immunity to COVID-19

Objetivos Evaluar la presencia de anticuerpos IgA e IgG específicos del SARS-CoV-2 en lágrima de sujetos no vacunados y vacunados contra la COVID-19 con antecedentes de infección SARS-CoV-2. Correlacionar los resultados en lágrima con los de saliva y sangre, datos clínicos y regímenes de vacunación. Métodos Estudio transversal que incluyó a sujetos con antecedentes de infección SARS-CoV-2, tanto no vacunados como vacunados contra la COVID-19. Se recogieron 3muestras: lágrima, saliva y sangre. Se analizaron IgA e IgG frente a S-1 SARS-CoV-2 con ELISA semicuantitativo. Resultados Treinta sujetos, con una edad media 36,4±10, varones 13/30 (43,3%) con historia de infección SARS-CoV-2 leve; 13/30 (43,3%) habían recibido un régimen de 2 dosis y 13/30 (43,3%) un régimen de 3 dosis de vacunación anti-COVID-19, 4/30 (13,3%) no estaban vacunados. Todos los sujetos con vacunación completa presentaron IgA detectable en los 3biofluidos. Entre los no vacunados, se detectó IgA en 3/4 sujetos en lágrima y saliva, mientras que no se detectó IgG. No se observaron diferencias entre la pauta de vacunación de 2 y 3 dosis según los títulos IgA-IgG. Conclusiones Anticuerpos IgA e IgG del SARS-CoV-2 están presentes en lágrimas de pacientes con antecedentes de COVID-19 leve, lo que destaca el papel de la superficie ocular como primera línea de defensa frente a la infección. La mayoría de los sujetos no vacunados presentaron IgA a largo plazo en lágrima y saliva. La inmunización híbrida (infección natural más vacunación) parece potenciar las respuestas IgG mucosas y sistémicas. No se observaron diferencias entre la pauta de 2 y 3 dosis (AU)

Purpose To evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG antibodies in tears of unvaccinated and anti-COVID-19 vaccinated subjects with previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To compare results in tears with those in saliva and serum and correlate with clinical data and vaccination regimens. Methods Cross-sectional study including subjects with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, both unvaccinated and vaccinated against COVID-19. Three samples were collected: tears, saliva and serum. IgA and IgG antibodies against S-1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed with a semi-quantitative ELISA. Results Thirty subjects, mean age 36.4±10, males 13/30 (43.3%) with history of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. 13/30 (43.3%) subjects had received a 2-dose regimen and 13/30 (43.3%) a 3-dose regimen of anti-COVID-19 vaccine, 4/30 (13.3%) subjects were unvaccinated. All the participants with full anti-COVID-19 vaccination (2-or 3-doses) presented detectable anti-S1 specific IgA in all 3biofluids, tears, saliva and serum. Among unvaccinated subjects, specific IgA was detected in 3/4 subjects in tears and saliva, whereas IgG was not detected. Considering IgA and IgG antibodies titers, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination regimen. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were detected in tears after mild COVID-19, highlighting the role of the ocular surface as a first line of defense against infection. Most naturally infected unvaccinated individuals exhibit long-term specific IgA in tears and saliva. Hybrid immunization (natural infection plus vaccination) appears to enhance mucosal and systemic IgG responses. However, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination schedule (AU)

[Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in tears: Ocular surface immunity to COVID-19]. / Detección de anticuerpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 en lágrimas: inmunidad de la superficie ocular frente a COVID-19.

Purpose: To evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG antibodies in tears of unvaccinated and anti-COVID-19 vaccinated subjects with previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To compare results in tears with those in saliva and serum and correlate with clinical data and vaccination regimens. Methods: Cross-sectional study including subjects with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, both unvaccinated and vaccinated against COVID-19. Three samples were collected: tears, saliva and serum. IgA and IgG antibodies against S-1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed with a semi-quantitative ELISA. Results: Thirty subjects, mean age 36.4 ± 10, males 13/30 (43.3%) with history of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. 13/30 (43.3%) subjects had received a 2-dose regimen and 13/30 (43.3%) a 3-dose regimen of anti-COVID-19 vaccine, 4/30 (13.3%) subjects were unvaccinated. All the participants with full anti-COVID-19 vaccination (2-or 3-doses) presented detectable anti-S1 specific IgA in all 3 biofluids, tears, saliva and serum. Among unvaccinated subjects, specific IgA was detected in 3/4 subjects in tears and saliva, whereas IgG was not detected. Considering IgA and IgG antibodies titers, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination regimen. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were detected in tears after mild COVID-19, highlighting the role of the ocular surface as a first line of defense against infection. Most naturally infected unvaccinated individuals exhibit long-term specific IgA in tears and saliva. Hybrid immunization (natural infection plus vaccination) appears to enhance mucosal and systemic IgG responses. However, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination schedule.

Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in tears: Ocular surface immunity to COVID-19.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the presence of SARS-COV-2 specific IgA and IgG antibodies in tears of unvaccinated and anti-COVID-19 vaccinated subjects with previous history of SARS-COV-2 infection. To compare results in tears with those in saliva and serum and correlate with clinical data and vaccination regimens. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including subjects with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, both unvaccinated and vaccinated against COVID-19. Three samples were collected: tears, saliva and serum. IgA and IgG antibodies against S-1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed with a semi-quantitative ELISA. RESULTS: 30 subjects, mean age 36.4 ±â€¯10, males 13/30 (43.3%) with history of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. 13/30 (43.3%) subjects had received a 2-dose regimen and 13/30 (43.3%) a 3-dose regimen of anti-COVID-19 vaccine, 4/30 (13.3%) subjects were unvaccinated. All the participants with full anti-COVID-19 vaccination (2-or 3-doses) presented detectable anti-S1 specific IgA in all three biofluids, tears, saliva and serum. Among unvaccinated subjects, specific IgA was detected in 3/4 subjects in tears and saliva, whereas IgG was not detected. Considering IgA and IgG antibodies titers, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination regimen. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were detected in tears after mild COVID-19, highlighting the role of the ocular surface as a first line of defense against infection. Most naturally infected unvaccinated individuals exhibit long-term specific IgA in tears and saliva. Hybrid immunization (natural infection plus vaccination) appears to enhance mucosal and systemic IgG responses. However, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination schedule.