[Newborns dermatitis: about 116 cases collected in a university hospital in abidjan]. / Les dermatoses neonatales : a propos de 116 cas colliges dans un hopital universitaire d'abidjan.

AIMS: To determine the epidemiological profile of newborn dermatitis and to describe the different clinical aspects of the observed neonatal dermatitis. PROCEDURE: The study took place at the University Hospital of Cocody (Abidjan). The study was cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical, carried out on the basis of prospective recruitment. The study included newborns who were seen in outpatient or inpatient settings by 4 april 2018 to 23 August 2018 and in whom the pediatrician had observed cutaneous and/or mucosal lesions. The diagnosis was made with the collaboration of a dermatologist. RESULTS: During the study period, 116 newborns were identified. The age of the patients seen in pediatrics with dermatitis varied from 1 to 28 days, with a mean of 16.86 ± 8.4 days. The median age was 19 days. The most representative age range (32.8%) was 24-28 days. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1. In almost 2/3 of the cases, the children were born at term, 29.3% were premature and 5.2% were born after term. In almost 2/3 of the cases (63.8%), the newborns had a birth weight of more than 2500 g. Only 3.4% of newborns seen in pediatric consultations were referred for a dermatitis. The age of the lesions at the time of consultation varied from 1 to 26 days, with a mean of 06.19 days ± 5.13. In more than half (53.5%) of the cases, the lesions had evolved for less than 5 days. Transient dermatitis was more frequent (51.7%), followed by infectious dermatitis (32.8%). Transient dermatitis of the newborn was dominated by sweaty miliaria (40%). Infectious dermatitis were mainly represented by mycotic (68.4%) and bacterial (31.9%) infections. Bacterial dermatitis were composed of neonatal impetigo (83.3%) and folliculitis (16.7%). In almost half of the cases (46.1%) the mycotic dermatitis were represented by candidosis intertrigo and in 38.5% of the cases there was oral candidiasis. The other neonatal dermatitis observed were dominated by diaper rash (64.3%) (Photo 2) and congenital nevi (21.5%). More than half (57.1%) of the cases of toxic erythema neonatorum occurred between days 6 and 10 of life. Nearly half (41.6%) of the cases of sudoral miliaria occurred between birth and day 5 of life. More than half (57.1%) of the cases of sebaceous hyperplasia occurred before the 5th day of life. All cases of neonatal scaling and mongoloid spots were already present between birth and day 5 of life. The mean age of patients with transient dermatitis was 14.31 days compared with 19.41 days for those with the other dermatitis. The difference in age was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The transient dermatitis predominated in male neonates while the other dermatitis predominated in females, however the difference observed at the level of sex was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of neonatal dermatitis is not always obvious, especially on black skin where few publications have been published.

OBJECTIFS: Déterminer le profil épidémiologique des dermatoses du nouveau-né et de décrire les différents aspects cliniques des dermatoses néonatales observées. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: L'étude s'est déroulée au Centre hospitalier universitaire de Cocody (Abidjan). L'étude était transversale, à visée descriptive et analytique, réalisée sur la base d'un recrutement prospectif. Ont été inclus, les nouveau-nés ayant été vus en consultation externe ou en hospitalisationdu 4 avril 2018 au 23 août 2018 chez qui le médecin pédiatre avait observé des lésions cutanées et/ou muqueuses.Ensuite,le diagnostic était posé par le dermatologue référant de l'étude. RÉSULTATS: Pendant la période d'étude, 116 nouveau-nés ont été recensés. La moyenne d'âge était 16,86 ± 8,4 jours avec un âge médian de 19 jours. Lesex ratio (H/F) était de 1. Dans plus de la moitié (53,5%) des cas, les lésions évoluaient depuis moins de 5 jours. Une dermatose transitoire était diagnostiquée dans plus de la moitié des cas (51,7%) et dans près du tiers des cas (32,6%) une dermatose infectieuse. Les dermatoses transitoires du nouveau-né étaient dominées par la miliaire sudorale (40%), l'érythème toxique (23%), la desquamation néonatale (10,7%) et l'hyperplasie néonatale (10,7%).Les taches mongoloïdes représentaient3,3% des cas. Les dermatoses infectieuses étaient essentiellement représentées par des infections mycosiques (68,4%) et bactériennes (31,6%). Les autres dermatoses néonatales observées étaient dominées par dermite du siège (64,3%) et les nœvi congénitaux (21,5%). Plus de la moitié (57,1%) des cas d'érythème toxique néonatal survenaient entre le 6e et le 10e jour de vie. L'âge moyen des patients présentant une dermatose transitoire était de 14,31 jours contre 19,41 jours pour ceux présentant les autres dermatoses. La différence observée au niveau de l'âge était statistiquement significative (p < 0,05). CONCLUSION: Les dermatoses néonatales sont multiples et variées. Certaines sont transitoires, ne nécessitant pas toujours de prise en charge thérapeutique. Leur diagnostic n'est pas toujours évident pour le pédiatre d'où la nécessité d'une étroite collaboration entre pédiatres et dermatologues afin d'améliorer la démarche diagnostique et parfois thérapeutique.

[Umbilical endometriosis mimicking a keloid in a young black woman: A case report]. / Endométriose ombilicale simulant une chéloïde chez une patiente à peau foncée.

BACKGROUND: Most umbilical tumors are diagnosed as benign tumors, umbilical metastases of abdominal and pelvic tumors, or Sister Marie Joseph nodule. Herein, we report a case of cutaneous umbilical endometriosis mistaken for a keloid. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A young black woman aged 26 consulted for a painful umbilical tumefaction. She had noted the appearance of a nodule of the umbilicus 10 months ago with bleeding during her menstrual periods. Skin examination revealed a firm and painful umbilical nodule 2.5cm in diameter. She was treated with corticosteroid injections for one month for umbilical keloid. Given that the symptoms recurred regularly at the time of menstruation, we suspected umbilical endometriosis. This diagnosis was finally confirmed by histopathological examination and hormone therapy was instituted on gynecological advice before scheduled surgical excision. CONCLUSION: In a setting of an umbilical tumor simulating a keloid associated with cyclical symptoms in a black woman, the diagnosis of umbilical endometriosis should not be overlooked by the dermatologist.

Efficacité du Dakin Cooper Stabilisé® dans la prise en charge des plaies drépanocytaires

Objectif : Apprécier l'efficacité et la tolérance du Dakin Cooper Stabilisé® dans le traitement des plaies drépanocytaires.Patients et méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude prospective descriptive sur 35 patients, ayant des plaies drépanocytaires, recrutés au centre de Dermatologie de Treichville (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire) de janvier 2010 à déceRésultat : La douleur a disparu chez 91,4% des patients, une semaine après le début du traitement. La guérison est survenue chez 80% des patients après six semaines.Conclusion : Le Dakin Cooper Stabilisé® est efficace en six semaines dans le traitement des plaies drépanocytaires et est bien toléré

Melanoma of the Right Foot Simulating Kaposi's Disease.

Melanoma is a malignant tumor rarely being described in sub-Saharan Africa. We reported an unusual and atypical clinical presentation. It was a 59-year-old patient who was hospitalized for a monomelic black tumor evolving for 10 years. Histopathological examination confirmed the melanocytic origin of this tumor. Paraclinical assessment did not find any visceral metastasis. A partial resection of the tumor was performed. The patient left the hospital against medical consent due to lack of technical facilities. The delay in the consultation and the lack of knowledge of melanoma by doctors and patients might contribute to the severity and the difficulties of its management.

[Clinical-epidemiological profile of severe cutaneous drug reactions in children in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)]. / Profil épidémio-clinique des toxidermies bulleuses chez l'enfant à Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire).

Severe cutaneous drug reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life threatening in adults. They seem to be less common in children. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and etiological profile of these drug reactions in African child. It was about a retrospective study carried on for 10 years at the Dermatology center of University Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire).Were included all children aged 0-15 years hospitalized for severe cutaneous drug reaction. They represented 14.1% (27 cases) with an estimated hospital rate of 0.01%. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.2. The mean age was 10.3 years. 19 children were suffering from SJS (63%) and 9 children (33.3%) from TEN. Sulfonamides were the most commonly used drugs with sulfadoxin-pyrimethamin (25.9%), used for malariae, and cotrimoxazole (22.2%). Self-medication was practiced by 70.4% of parents. The average time to onset of lesions from drug intake was 8.2 days. Only one child was HIV infected. Three children affected by TEN (11.1%) died.

[Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: retrospective study of 185 cases in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)]. / Syndromes de Stevens-Johnson et de Lyell : étude de 185 cas au CHU de Treichville (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire).

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous bullous adverse drug eruptions are a dreaded complication of drug use. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to document the epidemiological features, outcomes, and causes of these reactions, in particular, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell disease), in a teaching hospital in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study reviewed the records of severe cutaneous drug reactions in patients managed in the dermatology department of the University Hospital of Treichville (Abidjan) over a period of ten years (from September 2000 through August 2010). RESULTS: These diseases were diagnosed in 185 patients during the study period. Their mean age was 31.8 years (range: 2-70 years) and the M/F sex ratio was 0.6 The most frequent reactions, as expected, were Stevens-Johnson syndrome (73%) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (27%). The drugs most commonly involved were the antibacterial sulfonamides (22.1%), followed by the antiviral nevirapine (11.1%), and the antimalarial agent, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine. The fatality rate was 22.5%, including 46% of the patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis and 14.6% of those with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Respiratory distress (39.5%) and dehydration (23.4%) were the primary direct causes of death. CONCLUSION: Antibacterial sulfonamides are the leading drugs implicated in the occurrence of bullous drug eruptions in Abidjan.

[Necrotizing fasciitis of the breast and HIV infection. A case report]. / Fasciite nécrosante du sein: une observation chez une personne vivant avec le VIH en Côte d'Ivoire.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe soft tissue infection caused by flesh-eating bacteria. It usually occurs on the lower limbs. The purpose of this report is to describe a case involving Streptococcus pyogenes on the breast of a 22-year-old African woman with HIV.

[Cutaneous histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum variety duboisii in an immune competent child. About one case in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire]. / Histoplasmose due à Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii à localisation cutanée chez un enfant immunocomp tent. A propos d'un cas à Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Histoplasmosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic fungus which is to be found in two types: the capsulatum and duboisii types. The capsulatum type has had an increasing incidence with the HIV-AIDS epidemics but it is not demonstrated that the duboisii one has had the same upward incidence. Signs in children and immunocompetent patient are rarely described during this disease. The diagnosis is often late in the child as it looks like Molluscum contagiosum lesions. We report a case of skin histoplasmosis of duboisii type non associated with HIV infection in a child. Diagnosis has been confirmed by a histopathological test of a nodule biopsy. Medical treatment was successfully based on itraconazol.

[Therapeutic features of cheloid scars at the Dermatology Unit of Treichville Teaching Hospital, Abidjan-Côte d'Ivoire]. / Aspects therapeutiques des cicatrices cheloïdiennes au centre de dermatologie du Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Treichville, Abidjan-ci.

CONTEXT: Cheloid scars are common in black African. Treatment is not adequately codified and chronicity of these cheloid scars is responsible for frequent recurrences. OBJECTIVE: To assess treatment of cheloid scars for their codification. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study has been conducted in the dermatology unit. It is a therapeutic and prognostic study over one year. All the patients bearing cheloid scars and who agree to take part in this study were included. RESULTS: Average age was 28 without any sex predominance. The most used treatment was the combination of surgery and corticoid injections in 66% of cases. We had achieved a rate of 94.5% of good results when combining injections, surgery and pressotherapy. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic method combining injection of corticoid to surgery and to other therapeutic means provide good outcomes. It should be done in accordance with the clinical features of the cheloid scar.

[An uncommon localization of pyoderma gangrenosum on the penis of an HIV infected patient in the Ivory Coast]. / L'atteinte du pénis, une localisation rare du pyoderma gangrenosum: à propos d'un cas chez un patient immunodéprimé par le VIH en Côte d'Ivoire.

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an uncommon chronic ulcerative dermatosis with unknown aetiology and with a pathology which is still obscure. In 15-45% of cases, it is related to intestinal chronic inflammatory disease (MICI), to a systemic disease that it can sometimes reveals or to an immunodeficiency This disease starts whether with a pustule, a bubble or a nodule which leads during its evolvement to a superficial ulceration with clear edges. Its diagnosis is easy and is mainly clinical. It is a disease which is localized preferably in lower limbs. Treatment is mainly based on oral route corticotherapy. We report a case of gangrenosum pyoderma localized on the penis in a 43-year-old HIV infected patient. It is an uncommon localization, misleading and delicate. We have treated successfully this patient by oral corticotherapy combined with local antiseptic treatments for 6 months.

[About a case of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection with cold abscess]. / A propos d'un cas d'infection due a Mycobacterium ulcerans se présentant sous la forme d'un abcès froid.

Buruli ulcer is still a public health problem in Côte d'Ivoire. Its physiopathology is poorly described and suggests a new clinical form. We report a clinical case in a 18-year-old patient who had a cold abscess on the right elbow. The histopathology test revealed a Mycobacterium ulcerans infection. The treatment consisted in antimycobacterial therapy and surgical care. The clinical healing was observed during 4 months of hospitalization. This form of Mycobacterium ulcerans with cold abscess, the first case described so far, requires great vigilance in clinical detection of cases and underlines the importance to intensify microbiological research mainly in endemic areas.

Aspects thérapeutiques des cicatrices chéloidiennes au centre de dermatologie du centre hospitalier et universitaire de Treichville, Abidjan - CI

Contexte : les cicatrices chéloïdiennes sont fréquentes chez le sujet noir africain et particulièrement en Côte d'Ivoire. La prise en charge mal codifiée, et la chronicité sont responsable des récidives fréquentes. Objectif: Evaluer la prise en charge des cicatrices chéloïdiennes en vue d'une codification. Matériels et méthodes :Cette étude a été réalisée au Service de Dermatologie du CHU de Treichville. Il s'agit d'une étude thérapeutique à visée pronostique sur une période d'un an. Ont été inclus tous les patients présentant une cicatrice chéloïdienne et ayant donné leur consentement pour participer à l'étude. Résultats : L'étude a permis de noter que:- la moyenne d'âge était de 28 ans sans prédominance de sexe - le traitement le plus utilisé était l'association chirurgie et les infiltrations de corticoïde retard dans 66% des cas. - nous avons obtenu un très bon résultat dans 73% des cas- l'évolution avait été très bonne dans 90,5% avec la triple association : les infiltrations, la chirurgie et la presso thérapie. Conclusion: La méthode thérapeutique associant les infiltrations de corticoïde retard à la chirurgie et à un autre moyen thérapeutique donne de meilleurs résultats. Elle devrait se faire en fonction des caractéristiques cliniques de la cicatrice chéloïdienne

[Disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii associated with AIDS. A case report in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire]. / Histoplasmose due a Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii a localisation cutanée et associée au sida. A propos d'un cas a Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Histoplasmosis is a deep mycosis whose capsulatum variety is recognized as being an AIDS-defining infection. However AIDS associated with Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii is rarely reported. We report a case of cutaneous duboisii histoplasmosis associated with AIDS which has been mistaken for molluscum contagiosum for many months. The diagnosis has been confirmed by means of a biopsy of a nodule followed by an anatomo-pathological examination. The medical treatment was successfully based on combination Triomune (stavudine + lamividine + nevirapine) and itraconazole.

[Buruli ulcer involving the head: outcomes and therapeutic aspects in 8 cases observed at the University Hospital Center in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire]. / Ulcère de Buruli céphalique: huit observations au CHU d'Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Infection due to Mycobacterium ulcerans or Buruli ulcer usually occurs on the limbs (70%) or trunk (20%). Involvement of the head and neck region is less frequent but can lead to serious sequels. The purpose of this report is to describe 8 patients including 7 children who were treated for Buruli ulcers on the head in the dermatology department of the University Hospital Center in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Eye lesions and visual impairment were the most frequent sequels.

[Tinea capitis in department of dermatology and venerology in the University hospital of Donka at Conakry, Guinea]. / Les teignes du cuir chevelu dans le service de dermatologie-vénéréologie du C.H.U. de Donka- Conakry, Guinée.

The authors report the results of a study carried out on tinea capitis, in the Department of Dermatology and Venerology at the University Hospital of Donka in Conakry, during one year In this department, the tinea capitis represents 3.2% of the consultations and remains the second mycosis. Out of 414 consulted children, a male predominance of 75% was noted especially regarding the Trichophytic tinea. School children aged of 6-14 years old are the most affected by the disease. The trichophytic tinea is widely spread with 65.5% more than the microsporic 17% and inflammatory tinea 16.5%. The mixed tinea is exceptional and no case of favus has been found. The Trichophyton violaceum is the most dermatophyte to be found 56.70% whereas a survey carried out in 1959 showed the predominance of T. soudanense and M. audouini. The Microsporum canis and an association of M. canis and T. violaceum are also to be found.

[Detection and treatment of early forms of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection in Ivory Coast]. / Detection et traitement des formes précoces de l'infection a Mycobacterium ulcerans en Côte d'Ivoire.

Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Mu) is an emerging public health problem. The cumulative number of cases in Ivory Coast was 10,382 in 1997. One of the key points of the Yamoussoukro "global initiative" in December 1997 involved detection and treatment of cases at the early-disease stage. The threefold purpose of this transversal study was to determine the frequency of nodular-stage Mu infection, to describe the features of the nodules, and to identify nodular features suitable for early screening use. Of the 93 nodules removed, 58.1% were due to Mu, indicating that the prevalence of nodular-stage Mu in Zoukougbeu, Ivory Coast was 9 per 1000 inhabitants. All Mu nodules were recent, caused pruritus, and displayed oedematous edges. The mean duration of disease was 23 months. In endemic areas, Mu infection should be suspected for any lesion that is of recent onset (< 5 year), shows visible elevation, has a diameter of 3 cm or more, or is mobile under the skin. Cold nodules that are adherent to the superficial skin layer and located on the limbs or firm cold nodules should also be considered as suspect. Excision of cold nodules caused by Mu is recommended. The wound heals within 4 weeks and no recurrences have been reported after 6-month follow-up.