Appointment Reminders to Decrease 30-Day Readmission Rates to Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitals.

PURPOSE OF PROJECT: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to reduce 30-day readmission rates to inpatient psychiatric hospitals by standardizing discharge processes by including scheduling outpatient psychiatric appointments for all patients at discharge and also to include the mailing postal reminders to prompt patients to attend their first outpatient mental health appointment following treatment. PRIMARY PRACTICE SETTING: Inpatient psychiatric hospital. METHODOLOGY AND SAMPLE: The project design was an analysis of readmission data obtained both 3 months before and after implementation of the postal reminder letters. This project took place at a 50-bed inpatient psychiatric hospital in the southeastern United States that accepts male and female adult patients with mental health and substance abuse disorders. RESULTS: The implementation of an appointment reminder letter resulted in a slight decrease in 30-day readmission rates. The average readmission rate 3 months prior to implementation was 10%. The average readmission rate 3 months postdischarge was 9%. December 2015 was included in the postimplementation data. December historically has higher rates of 30-day readmissions at this facility. If this month had been excluded, more dramatic decrease in 30-day readmission rates could be observed. IMPLICATIONS FOR CASE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: Future implications for case management practice could include the usage of reminder prompts via telephone communication or text messaging in conjunction with postal reminders. The psychiatric population can be particularly challenging when considering increased risk for readmission within 30 days and also the impending pay-for-performance quality measures, which are soon to be implemented. Measures should be taken now to ensure that readmission rates decrease, not only to promote better patient outcomes, but also as a cost-saving measure. Although many variables may contribute to the risk for 30-day readmission rates including medication noncompliance, lack of proper follow-up, as well as seasonal trends, the postal appointment reminder letters may further decrease 30-day readmission rates. Other care management strategies combined with reminder letters may further address barriers that may exist to not only improve patient outcomes, but also to further reduce readmission rates. It is also important to mention that there are further implications that could be directly contributed to specific social determinants of health specific to the psychiatric population. For example, access to prescribed medications and transportation to appointments should be addressed to further reduce readmission rates for this vulnerable population.

Increasing physical activity for veterans in the Mental Health Intensive Case Management Program: A community-based intervention.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), experience increased mortality-20 years greater disparity for men and 15 years greater disparity for women-compared to the general population (Thornicroft G. Physical health disparities and mental illness: The scandal of premature mortality. Br J Psychiatr. 2011;199:441-442). Numerous factors contribute to premature mortality in persons with SMI, including suicide and accidental death (Richardson RC, Faulkner G, McDevitt J, Skrinar GS, Hutchinson D, Piette JD. Integrating physical activity into mental health services for persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2005;56(3):324-331; Thornicroft G. Physical health disparities and mental illness: The scandal of premature mortality. Br J Psychiatr. 2011;199:441-442), but research has shown that adverse health behaviors-including smoking, low rate of physical activity, poor diet, and high alcohol consumption-also significantly contribute to premature deaths (Jones J. Life expectancy in mental illness. Psychiatry Services. 2010. Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/07/13/life-expectancy-in-mental-illness). This quality improvement (QI) project sought to improve health and wellness for veterans in the Mental Health Intensive Case Management Program (MHICM), which is a community-based intensive program for veterans with SMI at risk for decompensation and frequent hospitalizations. At the time of this QI project, the program had 69 veterans who were assessed and treated weekly in their homes. The project introduced a pedometer steps intervention adapted from the VA MOVE! Program-a physical activity and weight management program-with the addition of personalized assistance from trained mental health professionals in the veteran's home environment. Because a large percentage of the veterans in the MHICM program had high blood pressure and increased weight, these outcomes were the focus of this project. Through mental health case management involvement and the comfort of their familiar living environment, veterans were assisted to meet their physical and mental health goals with a program that could easily be integrated into their daily lives. BACKGROUND: Healthy People 2020 developed goals to improve levels of physical activity and has ranked physical activity as a leading health indicator (US DHHS. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Physical activity topic overview. In Healthy People 2020. 2016. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/physical-activity). Individuals with SMI are significantly less active than the general population (Shor and Shalev, 2014). It is sometimes difficult for the average individual to obtain the recommended 10,000 steps and even more difficult for those with SMI. Lifestyle modifications, in particular diet and exercise, are recommended for improvement of chronic disease outcomes (US Preventive Services Counseling Task Force, 2016). The health benefits of physical activity for people with SMI are mixed (Pearsall R, Smith D, Pelosi A, Geddes J. Exercise therapy in adults with serious mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatr. 2014;14:117). Some studies found significant physical health benefits, while others did not. However, according to a review by Soundy et al., physical exercise is shown to not only have physical benefits but also psychosocial benefits. One of the barriers that hinder participation in physical activities is accessibility (Shor and Shalev, 2014). Integrating a more personalized supported, and in-home pedometer program into mental healthcare should ensure better access to interventions that could possibly reverse the causes of premature death. METHODS: The program was offered to 69 veterans in the MHICM. Forty-nine agreed to start the program and 20 declined. Twenty-five clients actually started the program with 17 veterans completing it. Preimplementation data included collecting blood pressure and weight measures for all veterans in the MHICM program. Additionally, a focus group was held with case managers to obtain a group perspective on motivating veterans to participate in this program. Further, a teaching session was held to review pedometers use, the client video, the client booklet, methods for getting veterans started, and the progression of the walking intervention. The pedometer physical activity intervention continued for 2 months. At the end of the 2 months, aggregate de-identified data on number of steps, blood pressure, and weight were collected. At the end of the program, the data were reviewed, synthesized, and analyzed, being careful to account for potentially intervening conditions and other chronic illnesses. RESULTS: The postimplementation data revealed that the mean weight decreased by 9 lbs. The percentage of controlled blood pressure increased from 60 to 84, while the percentage of uncontrolled blood pressure decreased from 40 to 16. CONCLUSION: Implementation of a multiple component personalized exercise intervention program for veterans with SMI contributed to reduction in weight and blood pressure.

Improving Blood Pressure and Weight in Patients with Diabetes.

The purpose of this study was to improve healthcare outcomes by reducing blood pressure and weight in adult patients with diabetes at afederally qualified health center. NextGen electronic health record was used to review aggregate data of blood pressures and weight pre-intervention and post-intervention for women and men (N = 304) between 20 and 87 years of age with type 2 diabetes and a BMI : 30. Findings from this study showed that blood pressure and weight did not improve as anticipated using a variety of educational approaches and strategies within the study population. An interdisciplinary team approach should be undertaken to fully examine the problem so that the intervention is specifically targeted to the community population. With diabetes affecting nearly 1.7 million Americans annually, advanced practice nurses are in an ideal position to educate patients on the importance of healthy habits in order to reduce morbidity and mortality from diabetes.

Scaffolding behavioral health concepts from more simple to complex builds NP students' competence.

BACKGROUND: Behavioral health disorders (psychiatric illness and substance abuse disorders) represent a significant burden across the nation's health care system. About one half of the problems that present in primary health care settings are behavioral in nature. There is urgent need to improve the integration of behavioral health care services into primary care. METHODS: The purpose of this paper is to describe how an asynchronous online graduate nurse practitioner program utilized a constructivist paradigm to creatively combine online problem based learning cases and on campus learning intensives to scaffold student learning. RESULTS: Student E-value scores were high and comments reflected improved knowledge, skill and comfort managing behavioral health problems in a primary care setting. CONCLUSION: This innovative model can serve as a template for other educational programs and improve student's ability to identify, manage and treat common behavioral health care problems that present in primary care settings.

Streamlining Appointment, Promotion, and Tenure Procedures to Promote Early-Career Faculty Success.

A critical component of the progression of a successful academic career is being promoted in rank. Early-career faculty are required to have an understanding of appointment, promotion, and tenure (APT) guidelines, but many factors often impede this understanding, thwarting a smooth and planned promotion pathway for professional advancement. This article outlines the steps taken by an APT committee to improve the promotion process from instructor to assistant professor. Six sigma's DMAIC improvement model was selected as the guiding operational framework to remove variation in the promotion process. After faculty handbook revisions were made, several checklists developed, and a process review rubric was implemented; recently promoted faculty were surveyed on satisfaction with the process. Faculty opinions captured in the survey suggest increased transparency in the process and perceived support offered by the APT committee. Positive outcomes include a strengthened faculty support framework, streamlined promotion processes, and improved faculty satisfaction. Changes to the APT processes resulted in an unambiguous and standardized pathway for successful promotion.

Improving Follow-Up for Failed Newborn Hearing Screening in Emirati Infants.

This column shares the best evidence-based strategies and innovative ideas on how to facilitate the learning and implementation of EBP principles and processes by clinicians as well as nursing and interprofessional students. Guidelines for submission are available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1741-6787.

Depression Screening in Chronic Disease Management: A Worksite Health Promotion Initiative.

This pilot project aimed to improve depression symptoms and quality-of-life measures for individuals in a worksite disease management program. Two hundred forty-three individuals were invited to participate, out of which 69 enrolled. The participants had a history of diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia, and demonstrated depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The project consisted of counseling sessions provided every 2 to 4 weeks by a family nurse practitioner. PHQ-9 scores and those of an instrument that measures quality of life, the Veteran's Rand-12 (VR-12), were compared pre-intervention and post-intervention to evaluate the effectiveness of the project. PHQ-9 and VR-12 Mental Health Component (MHC) scores improved significantly after 3 months of nurse practitioner-led individual counseling sessions. This project demonstrated that depression screening and therapeutic management, facilitated by a nurse practitioner, can improve depression and perceived quality of life in individuals with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or type 2 diabetes.

Implementing a Pediatric Fall Prevention Policy and Program.

Preventing patient falls begins with an accurate assessment of a patient's risk of falling followed by the initiation and continued evaluation of a fall prevention program based on patient-specific identified risks. Children have a normal tendency to fall based on developmental growth, and each child is different in physical and cognitive abilities. Falls may occur both in and out of the hospital setting. Prevention programs that have revealed the most favorable restuls include the use of a validated fall risk assessment tool. The Humpty Dumpty fall Scale is a screening tool specifically developed for pediatric patients to assess risk for fall. This project developed a pediatric fall prevention policy and implemented an inpatient pediatric fall prevention program. Pediatric staff contributed to the development of this policy and program by providing feedback, support, and cooperation, which was instrumental in the success of this program resulting in no falls after implementation.

Recognizing depression in late life.

Depression presents differently in older adults than in younger adults and frequently occurs with many chronic illnesses in later life, though it is not a normal part of aging. The astute practitioner will screen for depression in this population and appropriately treat to improve chronic illness management and quality of life in older adults.

Preventing ventilator-associated events: complying with evidence-based practice.

The leading cause of death due to health care-associated infections is ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The lack of clarity in the definition of VAP has made it difficult to execute and evaluate the effectiveness of prevention strategies. Beginning in 2013, hospitals were expected to implement a new surveillance definition algorithm to identify ventilator-associated events (VAEs). The Institute for Healthcare Improvement recommended the use of the Ventilator Care Bundle as part of an initiative to decrease the incidence of VAP. This article outlines the results of a quality improvement project that was conducted to address this recommendation, improve current staff knowledge, identify gaps in practice, and determine the rate of compliance with prevention strategies. The major findings of this project also exposed limitations of the electronic medical record system, and suggested enhancements, which would promote the VAP Bundle initiatives, facilitate documentation, and permit straightforward data collection.

Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the older adult.

PURPOSE: Annually, approximately 90 million prescriptions are filled for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with the number prescribed for older adults approximately three times higher than for younger adults. This article examines the benefits and risk of NSAID use in older adults. DATA SOURCES: Electronic data collection of research studies, evidence-based reviews, consensus statements, and guidelines related to the purpose of this article were analyzed if published between 2000 and 2013 in English from Ovid, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases. CONCLUSIONS: While NSAIDs are commonly used to treat pain and inflammation in older adults, strong consideration must be given to the potential adverse effects. A lack of consistency in the guidelines regarding NSAID use poses further challenges for clinicians in the selection of the best pharmacological approach. When prescribing NSAIDs, adverse events, polypharmacy, comorbidities, and treatment guidelines must be considered. NSAIDs are an appropriate option for pain management in select older adults, often after a trial of acetaminophen and if benefits outweigh risks. Alternative pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies may be more appropriate in many older adults. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The challenge for clinicians prescribing NSAIDs in the treatment of pain in older adults is to utilize safe, individualized, and evidenced-based pain management regimens.

Outcomes of a quality improvement project implementing stroke discharge advocacy to reduce 30-day readmission rates.

The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine whether use of aspects of a transitional care model by nurse navigators would affect 30-day readmission rates in hospitalized ischemic stroke patients discharged home with self-care. Thirty-day readmission rates and emergency department (ED) visits were compared before, during, and after the implementation of the revised discharge process. Comparative analysis demonstrated reductions in readmissions and in ED visits. Thirty-day readmission rates to our hospital decreased from 9.39% to 3.24% when comparing pre- with postintervention data. Thirty-day ED visit rates to all state hospitals decreased from 16.36% to 12.08% when comparing pre- with postintervention data.

An evidence-based parenting intervention with inner-city teen mothers.

The consequences of teen pregnancy have a substantial negative impact on both the teen mother and her child. Recent evidence clearly supports parenting education as the most effective means for improving adolescent parenting skills. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a school-based program using an evidence-based educational intervention to improve parenting style in high school teen mothers. Teen mothers, from 15 to 18 years of age, in a Title 1 high school were recruited from the Early Head Start program. Two groups of teens (N = 10) completed a pre-parenting style survey, enrolled in an 8- or 12-week group educational session, and completed a post-parenting style survey. While quantitative data did not yield a change in parenting style, qualitative findings highlighted a strong need for teens to "tell their story" and to share personal experiences related to parenting. These findings lend support for the role of parenting educational interventions in high schools with teens at high risk for pregnancy.

Exploring factors associated with nurses' adoption of an evidence-based practice to reduce duration of catheterization.

Hospitalized adult patients are at increased risk for adverse outcomes, particularly when undergoing invasive procedures that include indwelling urinary catheterization. This study identified factors associated with nurses' adoption of an evidence-based practice to reduce the duration of catheterization and potential for catheter-associated urinary tract infections in hospitalized adults.

Statin drugs: reducing cardiovascular risk in older adults.

Dyslipidemia is one of the most modifiable risk factors in preventing heart disease. Evidence demonstrates that the process of atherosclerosis, a result of dyslipidemia, begins in young adults. Initiating statin therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Determining the right statin medication and dose for an older adult based on national guidelines can be challenging, as multiple factors must be considered in this decision. When initiating statin therapy, clinicians should determine the appropriate percentage of reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol needed to achieve the target goal. Additionally, when changing from one cholesterol-lowering medication to another, knowledge of equivalent dosing is important. Generally, statin drugs are well tolerated with a good safety profile in older adults but are underused in this patient population. Issues such as existing comorbid conditions, polypharmacy with the potential for drug-drug interactions, impaired drug metabolism, and decreased functional status can contribute to adverse events and increase the frequency of myalgias and less frequently, hepatotoxicity. Clinicians prescribing statin therapy for older adults need to remain current on advances in research regarding potential interactions and contraindications within this drug class.