Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/inmunología , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/inmunología , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Humanos , Masculino , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Nivolumab/uso terapéutico , Inducción de Remisión , Cuero Cabelludo/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patologíaRESUMEN
Dietary fibres are reported to interact with bile acids, preventing their reabsorption and promoting their excretion into the colon. We used a method based on in vitro digestion, dialysis, and kinetic analysis to investigate how dietary fibre enriched food ingredients affect the release of primary and secondary bile acids as related to viscosity and adsorption. As the main bile acids abundant in humans interactions with glyco- and tauroconjugated cholic acid, chenodesoxycholic acid and desoxycholic acid were analysed. Viscous interactions were detected for apple, barley, citrus, lupin, pea, and potato derived ingredients, which slowed the bile acid release rate by up to 80%. Adsorptive interactions of up to 4.7 µmol/100 mg DM were significant in barley, oat, lupin, and maize preparations. As adsorption directly correlated to the hydrophobicity of the bile acids the hypothesis of a hydrophobic linkage between bile acids and dietary fibre is supported. Delayed diffusion in viscous fibre matrices was further associated with the micellar properties of the bile acids. As our results indicate changes in the bile acid pool size and composition due to interactions with dietary fibre rich ingredients, the presented method and results could add to recent fields of bile acid research.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos y Sales Biliares/química , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Digestión , Alimentos Fortificados/análisis , Adsorción , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Hidroxilación , Cinética , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad , ViscosidadRESUMEN
AIMS: We investigated predictors of left atrial volume reduction (LAVR) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing AF ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty patients with AF underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using a pulmonary vein ablation catheter (PVAC). All patients underwent cardiac imaging by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging to determine LAV 1 day before and 140 ± 9.5 days after PVI. Clinical follow-up and 72 h electrocardiogram Holter monitoring were performed 1, 3, and 6 months after ablation, and every 6 months thereafter. Significant LAVR (n = 60, 89.3 ± 3.9 vs. 79.5 ± 3.6 mL, P < 0.0001) was shown for the study group as a whole, caused particularly by the subgroup of patients with ablation success (n = 45, 85.2 ± 4.6 vs. 72.5 ± 3.7 mL, P < 0.0001). In addition, significant LAVR was shown for patients with lone AF (n = 25, 88.8 ± 6.8 vs. 72.7 ± 5.3 mL, P < 0.0001), but not for patients with AF and concomitant arterial hypertension (n = 32, 89 ± 4.8 vs. 86.7 ± 5 mL, P = 0.3), coronary artery disease (n = 12, 91.6 ± 7.8 vs. 89.1 ± 7.8 mL, P = 0.26), or left ventricular hypertrophy (n = 10, 86.3 ± 5.5 vs. 83.1 ± 5.3 mL, P = 0.27). Multivariate analysis revealed absence of arterial hypertension, lone AF, ablation success, and initial LA enlargement as independent predictors for significant LAVR following ablation (each P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on the subgroup of patients with lone AF, PVI leads to a significant LAVR 4 months after the procedure, especially in patients with clinical success in terms of AF freedom. Comorbidities such as arterial hypertension may prevent this reverse atrial remodelling, despite AF freedom. Clinical implications need to be further elucidated.