Protective effect of cabergoline on mitochondrial oxidative stress-induced apoptosis is mediated by modulations of TRPM2 in neutrophils of patients with endometriosis.

Calcium ion (Ca2+) signaling in endometriosis (ENDO) is associated with increased neutrophil activation and oxidative stress. A Ca2+ signaling modulator and antioxidant actions of cabergoline (CBG) in some cells were recently reported. TRPM2 cation channel is activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant action of CGB via inhibition of ROS may modulate the channel. We aimed to investigate the effect of CBG on TRPM2 inhibition in serum and neutrophils of patients with ENDO. The serum and neutrophil samples were grouped into healthy samples (no treatment), ENDO and ENDO + CBG treated groups (n = 10 in each). In some experiments, the neutrophils were also incubated with TRPM2 (ACA) and PARP-1 (PJ34) blockers. The values of intracellular ROS, Ca2+ concentration, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and caspase - 3, caspase - 9, PARP-1 and TRPM2 expressions were high in the neutrophils of patients with ENDO, although antioxidant levels (reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin A, and vitamin E) were low in the neutrophils and serum from these patients. However, markers for apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction were reduced with CBG, ACA and PJ34 treatments, although the antioxidant levels were increased in the serum and neutrophils following treatment with CBG. Taken together, our current results suggest that CBG are useful antagonists against apoptosis and mitochondrial oxidative stress via inhibition of TRPM2 in neutrophils of patients with ENDO.

Utero-cutaneous Fistula after Multiple Abdominal Myomectomies: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Utero-cutaneous fistula (UCF) is an extremely rare entity and only a few case reports have been published. Most UCFs develop secondary to post-partum or postoperative complications. CASE REPORT: A 42 year-old woman began to complain from bleeding and malodorous discharge through her abdominal incision scar. The fistula tract with a thickness of 8 mm was observed between the uterus and wound using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The risks and benefits of conservative treatment have been discussed; the patient demanded definitive treatment, so hysterectomy and excision of the fistulous tract was performed. Histopathology of the fistulous tract showed endometrial epithelization of the tract lined by granulation. CONCLUSION: There are many causes of such an extremely rare entity. Patients should be counseled for medical or surgical treatment considering their age, accompanied uterine pathologies such as fibroids and fertility expectations.