Ethanol extract of the mushroom Coprinus comatus exhibits antidiabetic and antioxidant activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

CONTEXT: Edible mushrooms have a long history of use in traditional Chinese or Japanese medicine. Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers. (Agaricaceae) contains antioxidant and antidiabetic agents. OBJECTIVE: To identify the benefits of ethanol extracts of the C. comatus fruit body in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats by evaluating their blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), and glutathione (GSH) levels, with and without extract administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were either left untreated or were administered 45 mg/kg body weight (BW) streptozotocin; 45 mg/kg BW metformin; or 250, 500, or 750 mg/kg BW extract for 14 days. The blood glucose, GLP-1, DPP-4, GSH, insulin, and HbA1c levels were determined. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests. RESULTS: Preliminary data showed that administration of C. comatus ethanol extract dose of 250, 500, and 750 mg orally has no toxicity effects after 24 h administration. The ethanolic extract of fruiting body of C. comatus considerably reduced the rat's fasting blood glucose levels 26.69%, and DPP-4 6.97% at dose of 750 mg. The extract reduced HbA1c 4-4.30%, increased GLP-1 71.09%, GSH 11.19% at dose of 500 mg, and increased insulin levels 13.83%. Extracts contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoids, vitamins C and E, rutin, and saponin. CONCLUSIONS: The C. comatus extract can be used as herbal medicine that reduces diabetic symptoms. Further investigation on C. comatus extracts should be conducted with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterise the bioactive compounds.

Antidiabetic Effects and Antioxidant Properties of the Saggy Ink Cap Medicinal Mushroom, Coprinus comatus (Agaricomycetes), in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats.

Coprinus comatus is known for its antihyperglycemic benefits. This study aimed to identify the effect of bioactive compounds of C. comatus extract as an antidiabetic agent linked to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and antioxidant properties in increasing glutathione (GSH) levels. This study used six groups of Wistar rats (n = 24). Group 1 comprised the healthy control. Groups 2-6 received 45 mg of streptozotocin/kg body weight (BW) once. Group 3 was also given 45 mg of metformin/kg BW, whereas groups 4-6 were also given 250, 500, and 750 mg of C. comatus ethyl acetate extract/kg BW for 14 days. Antidiabetic effects of alkaloids and saponin were seen in blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) degradation, increased insulin, and increased inhibition of GLP-1 through dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity. Flavonoid antioxidants, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) are useful in protecting pancreatic в cells from free radicals. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test. C. comatus ethyl acetate extract at doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg BW worked as an antidiabetic and antioxidant agent that contained flavonoids (16.4 mg/L), alkaloids (2.97 mg/L), saponin, rutin (351.13 ppm), vitamin C (132.342 mg/L), and vitamin E (102.320 g/L). The 250-mg dose was effective in increasing insulin (8.11 mlU/mL) and reducing blood glucose (23.92%) and HbA1c (3.775%), whereas the 500-mg dose was effective in increasing levels of GLP-1 (1056.923 ng/L) and GSH (4.62 µmol/L).