RESUMEN
Many solid cancers are hierarchically organized with a small number of cancer stem cells (CSCs) able to regrow a tumor, while their progeny lacks this feature. Breast CSC is known to contribute to therapy resistance. The study of those cells is usually based on their cell-surface markers like CD44high /CD24low/neg or their aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. However, these markers cannot be used to track the dynamics of CSC. Here, a transcriptomic analysis is performed to identify segregating gene expression in CSCs and non-CSCs, sorted by Aldefluor assay. It is observed that among ALDH-associated genes, only ALDH1A1 isoform is increased in CSCs. A CSC reporter system is then developed by using a far red-fluorescent protein (mNeptune) under the control of ALDH1A1 promoter. mNeptune-positive cells exhibit higher sphere-forming capacity, tumor formation, and increased resistance to anticancer therapies. These results indicate that the reporter identifies cells with stemness characteristics. Moreover, live tracking of cells in a microfluidic system reveals a higher extravasation potential of CSCs. Live tracking of non-CSCs under irradiation treatment show, for the first time, live reprogramming of non-CSCs into CSCs. Therefore, the reporter will allow for cell tracking to better understand the implication of CSCs in breast cancer development and recurrence.
Asunto(s)
Familia de Aldehído Deshidrogenasa 1/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Rastreo Celular , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Genes Reporteros , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Retinal-Deshidrogenasa/genética , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Reprogramación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Genoma Humano , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Ratones SCID , Células Madre Neoplásicas/efectos de los fármacos , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2740.].
RESUMEN
Extracellular vesicles released from cancer cells may play an important role in cancer progression by shuttling oncogenic information into recipient cells. However, our knowledge is still fragmentary and there remain numerous questions regarding the mechanisms at play and the functional consequences of these interactions. We have recently established a mesenchymal-like prostate cancer cell line (22Rv1/CR-1; Mes-PCa). In this study, we assessed the effects of the extracellular vesicles released by these cells on recipient androgen-dependent epithelial VCaP prostate cancer cells. Mes-PCa derived vesicles were found to promote mesenchymal features in the recipient epithelial-like prostate cancer cells. This transformation was accompanied by a modulation of androgen receptor signaling and activation of TGFß signaling pathway. Moreover, recipient cells acquiring mesenchymal traits displayed enhanced migratory and invasive features as well as increased resistance to the androgen receptor antagonist, enzalutamide. Our results suggest a previously unappreciated role for Mes-PCa secreted vesicles in cancer promotion by transferring cell-mediated signals and promoting phenotypic changes in recipient prostate cancer cells.
Asunto(s)
Micropartículas Derivadas de Células/metabolismo , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Antagonistas de Andrógenos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Micropartículas Derivadas de Células/efectos de los fármacos , Micropartículas Derivadas de Células/patología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Invasividad Neoplásica , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/genética , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/patología , Fenotipo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Receptores Androgénicos/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores Androgénicos/genética , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Tiempo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
Members of the EGF-CFC (Cripto, FRL-1, Cryptic) protein family are increasingly recognized as key mediators of cell movement and cell differentiation during vertebrate embryogenesis. The founding member of this protein family, CRIPTO, is overexpressed in various human carcinomas. Yet, the biological role of CRIPTO in this setting remains unclear. Here, we find CRIPTO expression as especially high in a subgroup of primary prostate carcinomas with poorer outcome, wherein resides cancer cell clones with mesenchymal traits. Experimental studies in PCa models showed that one notable function of CRIPTO expression in prostate carcinoma cells may be to augment PI3K/AKT and FGFR1 signaling, which promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and sustains a mesenchymal state. In the observed signaling events, FGFR1 appears to function parallel to AKT, and the two pathways act cooperatively to enhance migratory, invasive and transformation properties specifically in the CRIPTO overexpressing cells. Collectively, these findings suggest a novel molecular network, involving CRIPTO, AKT, and FGFR signaling, in favor of the emergence of mesenchymal-like cancer cells during the development of aggressive prostate tumors.