A new Schiff base-fabricated pencil lead electrode for the efficient detection of copper, lead, and cadmium ions in aqueous media.

Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were individually and simultaneously determined using a novel and effective electroanalytical approach that has been devised and improved. Cyclic voltammetry was used to examine the electrochemical properties of the selected metals, and their individual and combined concentrations were determined by square wave voltammetry (SWV) using a modified pencil lead (PL) working electrode functionalized with a freshly synthesized Schiff base, 4-((2-hydroxy-5-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)benzylidene)amino)benzoic acid (HDBA). In a buffer solution of 0.1 M tris-HCl, heavy metal concentrations were determined. To improve the experimental circumstances for determination, scan rate, pH, and their interactions with current were studied. At some concentration levels, the calibration graphs for the chosen metals were linear. The concentration of each metal was altered while the others remained unchanged for both the individual and simultaneous determination of these metals, and the devised approach was proven to be accurate, selective, and rapid.

The fabrication of an innovative extremely sensitive nano green carbon paste electrode amended with the nanocomposite CuO/Y for electrochemical quantification of amprolium in sheep meat and liver samples.

In this work, carbon paste electrode (CPE) and modified CPE with copper oxide or copper yttrium oxide were prepared for determining amprolium hydrochloride (AMP) by differential pulse voltammetry. AMP has an antiprotozoal activity for treating coccidiosis in poultry; their retaining- in sheep meat and livers- induces adversative effects for the customer. XRD pattern was employed to define the fabricated nanostructured materials; the elemental composition of the nanocomposite was examined using EDX spectra. Over a pH ranging from 2 to 8, the oxidation process of AMP was studied using phosphate buffer. The scan rates were studied over a wide range (20 to 140 mV s-1) using cyclic voltammetry. The developed sensor shows a wide linear range (1.0 × 10-8-1.0 × 10-3 M) with a detection limit of 2.32 × 10-9 M. This method can quantify AMP in pharmaceutical form, sheep meat, and liver samples.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel benzothiazole functionalized chitosan and its use for effective adsorption of Cu(II).

Contamination of water with the copper(II) ions leads to serious diseases such as liver damage and cancer. This deadly effect prompted us to target the synthesis of a novel functionalized chitosan (Cs-BT) to be used as an adsorbent for removing the copper(II) ions from the aqueous solution. The functionalization was done by introducing benzothiazole moiety into the chitosan (Cs) chain and confirmed by the full disappearance of the NH2 band in the FT-IR spectrum of the adsorbent. The TGA-DTG analysis revealed that the functionalization reduced the thermal stability of the adsorbent (Cs-BT) as compared with pure chitosan. The adsorption was evidenced by SEM and EDX analysis. The adsorption study demonstrated that the optimal adsorption conditions were 120 min contact time, pH = 6, and initial Cu(II) concentration 200 mg/L. At these conditions, the Cs-BT achieved a maximum copper adsorption capacity of 1439.7 mg/g. Consequently, Cs-BT could be a promising and efficient Cu adsorbent in water treatment. Study the adsorption kinetics and isotherms manifested that the pseudo-first-order was better than pseudo-second-order and Temkin isotherm was better than Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich for explaining the adsorption process. The calculated thermodynamic parameters implied the spontaneity and the endothermic nature of the adsorption process.

Modeling and optimizing Acid Orange 142 degradation in aqueous solution by non-thermal plasma.

The effects of the high voltage electrode material, initial pH of the solution, initial concentration of Fe2+, and time of plasma treatment on the efficiency of Acid Orange 142 (AO142) degradation were studied and evaluated. Furthermore, based on the Box-Behnken response surface methodology (BBD-RSM), a model between response (decolorization efficiency %) and influencing factors was proposed to estimate the interactive effects and optimize the process conditions. The proposed model was adequate with an R2 of 0.8005 which is in reasonable agreement with the R2adj of 0.9307. According to the model, the optimum conditions were steel as a high voltage electrode, an initial pH 3.0, an initial Fe2+ concentration 0.9 mM, and 20 min time of treatment to obtain a decolorization efficiency of 95.05%. In addition, the analytical results of UV-Vis, FT-IR, TOC and GC-MS indicated the degradation of the dye molecule.

Selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method to determine trace amounts of copper metal ions using Amaranth food dye.

Copper is an essential element in some biological processes in organisms, so it was important to find ways to identify trace amounts of it. Minimal amounts of copper ions can be determined in aqueous solutions in the spectrophotometric method suggested in this study. The method depends on the reaction between Cu(II) and Amaranth dye at the pH 6.0. The gradual disappearance of Amaranth colour at 520 nm occurring with an increase of Cu(II) concentration from 0.13 up to 2.0 µg cm-3. The molar absorptivity coefficient and Sandell's sensitivity of the complex are found to be 0.94 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1, 6.8 ng cm-2 respectively. The advantages of this method are simple, selective, and highly sensitive. The method was used for determination of copper ions in aqueous solutions containing several metal ions, where excellent agreements between reported and obtained results were achieved in aqueous solutions containing copper metal ions only. The postulated method is in an excellent agreement with the determination of Cu(II) ion concentrations by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The interference was studied to determine the copper metal ions concentration, and do not interfere with eleven of other metal ions.