[Assessment of the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in patients with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Russian population]. / Otsenka effektivnosti i bezopasnosti alemtuzumaba u patsientov s vysokoaktivnym techeniem rasseyannogo skleroza v rossiiskoi populyatsii.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the severity and frequency of infusion reactions (IR) in patients with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) In Russian population receiving alemtuzumab therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In retrospective study, we analyzed data from 50 patients with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) from six Regional MS Centers in the Russian Federation who received two courses of alemtuzumab between 2018 and 2022. RESULTS: Among all IRs, the most frequently reported were hives-like rashes, which were registered in 27 people, mostly of mild severity (70.6%). Headaches were the second most common IR, observed in 17 patients (34%). When comparing the group of patients who underwent music therapy (MT) with those who received alemtuzumab therapy without MT, no statistically significant difference was found in the frequency and severity of IRs. CONCLUSION: All patients experienced IRs of varying degrees of severity. A decrease in the score on the EDSS disability scale was noted. MT did not affect the occurrence or severity of IRs.

[Traumatic brain injury before the multiple sclerosis onset: a relationship with the progression of neurological disorders and pathobiochemical markers of the cerebrospinal fluid]. / Cherepno-mozgovaya travma do debyuta rasseyannogo skleroza: svyaz' s progressirovaniem nevrologicheskikh rasstroistv i patobiokhimicheskimi pokazatelyami tserebrospinal'noi zhidkosti.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of traumatic brain injury (TBI) before the multiple sclerosis (MS) onset with the rate of progression of neurological disorders and cerebrospinal fluid markers of blood-brain barrier permeability, inflammation, demyelination, and gliosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with relapsing-remitting MS in the Altai region of Russia with/without TBI before the MS onset (n=44; 19 men, 25 women in each group) participated in a prospective, controlled, randomized study. Disability rate was assessed retrospectively. Pleocytosis, levels of protein, albumin, C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha, myelin basic protein, S100 protein were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid in subgroups of patients (n=14 in each group) in MS remission and exacerbation. RESULTS: Concussion and mild brain contusion were documented in the group of patients with TBI before the MS onset in 35 (79.5%) and 9 (20.5%) patients, respectively. Traumatic brain injury was over the age of 15 in 72.5% of patients. The rate of MS progression was higher in the group with TBI compared to the group without TBI (0.76±1.28 and 0.40±0.43 EDSS points per year, respectively; p=0.014). TBI before the MS onset increases the risk of disability by more than 0.25 EDSS points per year (OR 2.74; 95 CI 1.10-6.85; p=0.029). Intergroup differences in cerebrospinal fluid parameters were not found either during MS exacerbation or remission. CONCLUSION: Concussion or mild brain contusion before the MS onset may be factors influencing the progression of neurological deficit in MS. It seems relevant to study the mechanisms of adverse effects of TBI on the MS progression.

[Association of vitamin D metabolism enzyme gene polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis risk: pilot study]. / Svyaz' polimorfizmov genov fermentov metabolizma vitamina D s riskom rasseyannogo skleroza: pilotnoe issledovanie.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association polymorphisms in genes coding for enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism CYP27B1 (rs703842) and CYP24A1 (rs2248359) with the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety Caucasian patients with remitting MS and 87 volunteers without MS, born and living in the Altai region of Russia, participated in the study. Genotyping was performed by the TaqMan probe method. RESULTS: No association of MS with genotypes or alleles of CYP24A1 (rs2248359) is found. CYP27B1C (rs703842) is associated with the risk of MS in women. The TC genotype CYP27B1C (rs703842) is associated with an increased risk of MS (Odd Ratio 3.43; 1.48-7.93, p=0.004), while the TT genotype, on the contrary, has a protective effect on the susceptibility to MS (Odd Ratio 0.31; 0.14-0.72, p=0.005). CONCLUSION: The results indicate an increased risk of MS in female carriers of the TC genotype CYP27B1 (rs703842) and a low probability of the contribution of the CYP24A1 polymorphism (rs2248359) to the predisposition to MS in Caucasians of the Altai region.

[Multiple sclerosis in the Altai region of Russia: a prospective epidemiological study]. / Rasseiannyi skleroz v Altaiskom krae: rezul'taty prospektivnogo épidemiologicheskogo issledovaniia.

AIM: Analysis of the dynamics of epidemiological indicators of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Altai region of the Russian Federation for the period from 2009 to 2017. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comparative analysis of the prevalence, incidence and main clinical characteristics of MS in the Altai region was carried out based on the data of patients with MS from 2009 (1001 patients) to 2017 (1322 patients). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MS increased from 41.2 to 56.3 per 100 000. The higher prevalence of the disease in cities compared to villages (by 1.8 times) and the ratio of women and men about 2 0 have not changed. About 2% of patients have a family history of MS. The average age of MS onset did not change significantly during the period analyzed (28.5±9.9 years in 2017). The remitting type of the disease is the most common (73%). The incidence of MS was 1.1±0.3 and 2.6±0.5 cases per 100 000 in 1998-2009 and 2010-2017, respectively. Patients with pediatric MS make up 6.5% of all patients with MS. The clinical features of MS onset before the age of 18 compared to the onset at a later age are the lower frequency of motor disorders, pelvic organ dysfunction (no cases were detected), general brain symptoms detectability (10.5%). CONCLUSION: The population of the Altai region is at high risk of MS. Monitoring and analysis of the dynamics of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of MS are rational for the planning of medical care for patients with MS.