An Atypical Lesion in the Nasal Cavity: Glomus Tumor.

Glomus tumors are rare vascular tumors that originate in the glomus bodies. These tumors are uncommon in the head and neck region and are extremely rare in the nasal cavity. Intranasal glomus tumors mostly have a clinical and radiologic indolent behavior. This report presents the clinical, pathological, and radiological features of a 60-year-old female patient with a glomus tumor that has an atypical size and location.

Age-dependent differences of the depth of olfactory fossa in children

Abstract Objective: With this radio-anatomical study, we aimed to describe the distribution of the depth of the olfactory fossa based on the Keros classification in the pediatric population in our region and to reduce complication rates by providing normative data. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted with computed tomography imaging of the paranasal sinuses of 390 pediatric patients referred over a six-year period in Sakarya and Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine. Patients were divided into 3 groups as 1-6, 6-12, and 12-18 years old. The depth of the olfactory fossa was measured and classified according to the Keros classification. The incidence of Keros asymmetries was also investigated. Results: The distribution of the depth of a total of 780 olfactory fossa according to the Keros classification was 24.7% Keros I, 65.9% Keros II, and 9.4% Keros III. When the groups were evaluated with each other and within each group, it was seen that the prevalence of Keros I type was significantly higher in the first group (p < 0.05), and the prevalence of Keros type II was significantly higher in the second and third groups (p < 0.05). Apart from this, the number of Keros type III increased in the third group compared to the first two groups and showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Among all patients, asymmetry of the olfactory fossa was detected in 29 patients (7.4%). Although the number of olfactory fossa asymmetry was low in group I, it was not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In our study, high Keros I rate and low Keros III rate in children aged -6 were remarkable. Especially for children under the age of six, questions arise about the validity of the Keros classification. More detailed studies in larger populations, in different ethnicities, and with various age groups are needed. Level of evidence: Level 3.

The role of serum salusin alpha and beta levels and atherosclerotic risk factors in idiopathic sudden hearing loss pathogenesis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of atherosclerosis in the pathogenesis of sudden hearing loss by evaluating the newly discovered markers, serum salusin-α and salusin-ß. We also aimed to evaluate atherosclerosis risk factors, such as lipid profile, smoking, body mass index, waist circumference and mean blood pressure of the patients. METHODS: Fifty-two patients diagnosed with sudden hearing loss (study group) and fifty healthy people (control group) were included in the study. Detailed history was taken from the patients and risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, lipid profile, mean blood pressure and serum salusin-α and salusin-ß levels, were evaluated. The study group was divided into recovery group (subgroup I) and non-recovery group (subgroup II). RESULTS: The salusin-ß median value was found to be significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The salusin-ß median value was found to be significantly higher in subgroup 2 and was found to be a poor prognostic factor (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: From the results obtained in this study, it is thought that salusin-ß peptide is increased in patients with sudden hearing loss and it can be evaluated as a poor prognostic factor.

Age-dependent differences of the depth of olfactory fossa in children.

OBJECTIVE: With this radio-anatomical study, we aimed to describe the distribution of the depth of the olfactory fossa based on the Keros classification in the pediatric population in our region and to reduce complication rates by providing normative data. METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted with computed tomography imaging of the paranasal sinuses of 390 pediatric patients referred over a six-year period in Sakarya and Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine. Patients were divided into 3 groups as 1-6, 6-12, and 12-18 years old. The depth of the olfactory fossa was measured and classified according to the Keros classification. The incidence of Keros asymmetries was also investigated. RESULTS: The distribution of the depth of a total of 780 olfactory fossa according to the Keros classification was 24.7% Keros I, 65.9% Keros II, and 9.4% Keros III. When the groups were evaluated with each other and within each group, it was seen that the prevalence of Keros I type was significantly higher in the first group (p<0.05), and the prevalence of Keros type II was significantly higher in the second and third groups (p<0.05). Apart from this, the number of Keros type III increased in the third group compared to the first two groups and showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Among all patients, asymmetry of the olfactory fossa was detected in 29 patients (7.4%). Although the number of olfactory fossa asymmetry was low in group I, it was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In our study, high Keros I rate and low Keros III rate in children aged 1-6 were remarkable. Especially for children under the age of six, questions arise about the validity of the Keros classification. More detailed studies in larger populations, in different ethnicities, and with various age groups are needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3.

Impact of tonsillectomy on COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study of the incidence and prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Due to many different reasons such as possible coronavirus colonization in tonsillar tissue, decreased enzymatic antiviral activity, decreased cytokine activity from palatine tonsil tissue and reduced humoral and cellular immune response, tonsillectomy may alter the incidence of Covid-19. AIMS/OBJECTIVES: To reveal the frequency of Covid-19 in patients who underwent tonsillectomy and to analyze the effect of tonsillectomy on the severity of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients aged between 15 and 65 and had a history of tonsillectomy were compared with control group in terms of incidence and severity of Covid-19 disease. RESULTS: A 4% Covid rRT-PCR test positivity rate was detected in patients with tonsillectomy whereas; it was 6.8% in the control group with a statistically significant difference. However, in terms of disease severity there was no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: It has been proven that tonsillectomy surgery does not pose an additional risk in terms of COVID 19 disease severity. The positive effect of tonsillectomy in terms of disease frequency has been even demonstrated for the first time in the literature.

The Short-Term Effect of Eugenol on the Prevention of Experimentally Induced Myringosclerosis in a Rat Model.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to assess the possible short-term effects of topical and oral eugenol on the suppression of experimentally developed myringosclerosis (MS). METHODS: Four groups of seven male Wistar albino rats were used in the study. The tympanic membranes (TMs) of all subjects were myringotomized, and group 1 was given no treatment (as control group), group 2 received saline, group 3 had received topical eugenol and group 4 received oral eugenol. RESULTS: In macroscopic evaluation the control and saline groups showed much more MS compared to the topical and oral eugenol groups which had statistically significantly less changes (p<0.05). Fibrosis and inflammation regarding the lamina propria (LP) of the eardrums of the topical and oral eugenol groups were significantly less than those of the control and saline groups (p<0.001). In microscopic evaluation, TMs were found to be thicker in the control and saline groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the application of topical and oral forms of eugenol reduced fibrosis and prevented the advancement of MS in the LP of the TMs in the short-term. More studies with different extracts are needed to investigate the efficacy of phytotherapeutic agents for preventing MS development following myringotomy.

Evaluation of nasal tip shape in patients with severe caudal septal deviation after modified extracorporeal endonasal septoplasty.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effect of modified extracorporeal endonasal septoplasty on nasal tip shape and function in patients with severe caudal septal deviation. METHODS: The study population comprised of 55 patients undergoing modified extracorporeal endonasal septoplasty, which called marionette septoplasty. To analyse the aesthetic objective outcomes, postoperative photographs were measured for projection index (PI), tip projection (TP), nasolabial angle (NLA), tip deviation angle (TDA), nasofrontal angle (NFA), supratip height (STH), columellar height (CH), at three times (2 weeks, 3, and 6 months after surgery) and were compared with preoperative photographs. Functional and aesthetic outcomes were also evaluated using nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale and standardized cosmesis and health nasal outcomes survey (SCHNOS). RESULTS: Between the pre- and post-operative 6th-month examinations, a significant increase in PI and TP were 7%, and 5% respectively. There was a significant alteration in the NLA and TDA values following the last examination (mean difference ± standard error of mean 9.68 ± 0.9° and 1.5 ± 0.8°, respectively). Moreover, the technique did not make a significant change in the final NFA, STH, and CH, measurements. Following surgery, the NOSE and SCHNOS scores were decreased significantly and the improvement continued over time until the last examination. CONCLUSION: The present study findings suggest that the marionette septoplasty technique is an effective to correct and stabilize severe caudal septal deviations. This technique also can provide tip support and protection with a low incidence of dorsal irregularity.

Topographic anatomy of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the surgical and topographical anatomy of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (ibSLN) in laryngectomy patients. METHODS: Patients aged 36-90 years old who underwent a total laryngectomy operation with a diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma participated in the study. Fifteen patients who underwent a total laryngectomy operation between June 2015 and November 2016 were included in the study. A total of 29 superior laryngeal nerves (SLN) of 15 patients were studied. The position of the nerve was photographed before the thyrohyoid membrane (THM) was passed during dissection. The relationship and course of the ibSLN with respect to the superior laryngeal artery (SLA) were observed. The distance to adjacent formations and branching variants were examined along the course of the nerve. RESULTS: Of the total 29 ibSLN, 17 were divided into three branches and 12 into two branches. In all cases except for one, the ibSLN course after piercing the THM was determined. The ibSLN penetrated the THM at a mean of 12.0 ± 2.61 mm (6-16 mm) from the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. The ibSLN penetrated the THM with a mean distance of 9.34 ± 1.65 (6-12) mm from the inferior border of the hyoid bone. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated the surgical and topographical features of the ibSLN with respect to the THM, and provided a more precise knowledge of its anatomy in laryngectomy patients. It thus may help head and neck surgeons identify this nerve.

Comparison of two different bone anchored hearing instruments: Baha-5 vs Ponto-plus.

BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, there is no study comparing Ponto Plus® (Oticon Medical AB, Askim, Sweden) and Baha® 5 (Cochlear Bone Anchored Solutions AG, Mölnlycke, Sweden) available in the literature. AIMS/OBJECTIVES: The primary aim was to compare the performance of the Baha 5 with the Ponto Plus device in terms of speech understanding in quiet and in noise. In addition, to determine statistically whether or not the difference between the abutment systems created any variation in terms of skin reaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty bone-anchored hearing instrument users, ten in each group, were evaluated for speech understanding in quiet and several signal-to-noise ratios using the Turkish Matrix Test in a two-speaker setup. The Holger classifications were also reviewed to determine adverse skin reactions. RESULTS: It was revealed that the hearing results of both devices were similar and, when the skin reactions were compared, there was no statistically significant difference between the two-implant systems. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Because of the similar results of the groups, it can be interpreted as the key different device features such as the size, weight, colour alternatives, and the ease of use of the devices might be important in terms of device preference.

Are neutrophil, platelet and eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and red blood cell distribution width can be used for nasal polyposis?

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to explore the relationship of neutrophil, platelet and eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and red blood cell distribution width values with nasal polyposis, and whether this could be a predictive parameter that can be used for the severity and recurrence risk of the disease. METHOD: Neutrophil/lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte, eosinophil/lymphocyte ratios and red blood cell distribution width values were compared between nasal polyposis patients who were reviewed in a retrospective manner and the control group comparable for age and sex. Moreover, the nasal polyposis group was grouped for nasal polyposis severity and recurrence, and these subgroups were statistically compared, too. RESULTS: When the nasal polyposis patient group and the control group are compared, no statistically significant difference was found between two groups except for eosinophil/lymphocyte ratio. While only the difference between nasal polyposis severity and eosinophil/lymphocyte ratio is statistically significant, there was no parameter with statistically significant difference for recurrence. CONCLUSION: We think that caution should be exercised when using these new hematological parameters which can be affected by many factors for the presence, severity and recurrence risk of nasal polyposis, and literature data should be proven by conducting different and objective studies on this subject.