[The phenomenon of pseudotumorous cross immunohistochemical reactivity of glia in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]. / Fenomen psevdotumoroznoi perekrestnoi immunogistokhimicheskoi reaktivnosti glii pri progressiruyushchei mul'tifokal'noi leikoentsefalopatii.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a subacute demyelinating brain damage caused by infection of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes with the lytic JC virus on the background of immunosuppression. A case report of PML with a tumor-like course is presented. Morphological diagnostics revealed non-specific staining of antibodies to Ki-67, p53, IDH1, NF and Vim in the nuclei of gliocytes affected by the JC virus. Histological examination and microscopic evaluation of the changes in the brain for the diagnosis of PML is a priority. The recommended intravital biopsy does not always help in clear verification of PML due to the limited volume of tissue fragments presented for research. For the correct interpretation of changes during an intravital pathological examination and verification of PML, it is important to take material during a stereotaxic biopsy, not only from the center, but from the edges and perifocal zone of the altered tissues for the possibility of a spatial histological assessment of the pathological process.

Role of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Inflammation of the Pancreas during Diabetes Mellitus.

The model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in C57Bl/6 mice was employed to study the role of precursors of insulin-producing ß-cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and progenitor hematopoietic cells in inflammation. In addition to provoking hyperglycemia, streptozotocin elevated serum levels of IL-1ß and hyaluronic acid, induced edema in the pancreatic insular tissue and its infiltration by inflammatory cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages) and fibroblasts. Inflammation in pancreatic islets was accompanied by necrotic processes and decreasing counts of multipotent progenitor ß-cells (CD45(-), TER119(-), c-kit-1(-), and Flk-1(-)), oligopotent progenitor ß-cells (CD45(-), TER119(-), CD133(+), and CD49f(low)), and insulinproducing ß-cells (Pdx1(+)). Pancreatic infl ammation was preceded by elevation of the number of short-term hematopoietic stem cells (Lin-Sca-1(+)c-kit(+)CD34(+)) relative to long-term cells (Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-kit(+)CD34(-)) in the bone marrow as well as recruitment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into circulation. Transplantation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from diabetic C57Bl/6 donor mice to recipient CBA mice with 5-fluorouracilinduced leukopenia accelerated regeneration of granulocytopoiesis in recipient mice.

[A rare case of small-cell diffuse invasive breast lobular carcinoma].

The paper describes a rare case of invasive lobular carcinoma with the diffuse growth type simulating malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The immunohistochemical study of the tumor established a marked expression of pancytokeratin, GSDFP-15, receptors to estrogen and progesterone, CD 7, Bcl-2, expression CD 3, CD 5, CD 10, CD 20, CD 23, CD 30, ALK, Bcl-6, inactive expression of E-cadherin. The ability of invasive lobular carcinoma to simulate malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma determines the diagnostic value and significance of an immunohistochemical study to confirm the epithelial nature of the tumor.

[Immunohistochemical study in the diagnosis of tuberculosis].

The comparative analysis of the immunohistochemical method and Ziehl-Neelsen staining was used to search for a new highly sensitivity procedure for diagnosing tuberculosis. With both methods, mycobacteria tuberculosis were detected in 10 cases of fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis, 1 case of general tuberculosis, and 10 cases of disseminated lung lesion (sarcoidosis?). The improved immunohistochemical option using Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibodies (clone 1.1/3/1) have shown AEC and appeared to be the most sensitive than the Ziehl-Neelsen staining and may be therefore recommended for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

[Natural killer cells (CD56, CD16) as a factor of local antitumor immunity in breast cancer].

Two groups of malignancies with significantly distinct ratios of Ki-67 and CD16 expression were identified. Significant direct and inverse correlations between the markers were established (p < 0.01) whereas either group revealed two contradicting patterns of immune response. Whatever hormone receptor, natural killer cells (IKC) (CD16) levels correlated directly with tumor size and lymph node incidence (p < 0.01). IKC (CD56) did not contribute to breast tumor response. Our findings on CD16 expression may be used as criteria in prognosis prediction.

[Comparative evaluation of proliferative activity of breast tumors of different estrogen-progesterone receptor status].

Immunological investigation involving 100 estrogen-progesterone receptor negative (RE-RP-) and 71 estrogen-progesterone receptor positive (RE+RP+) breast cancer patients demonstrated that Ki-67 expression in the former group was twice (49.8%) that in the latter (25.9%). Low Ki-67 expression was found in 39% of RE-RP-tumors whereas high expression--in 28% of RE+RP+ tumors.

[New potential of estrogen and progesterone receptor assay in cytological smears sampled from breast cancer patients]. / Vozmozhnosti opredeleniia retseptorov éstrogenov i progesterona v rake molochnoi zhelezy na tsitologicheskikh mazkakh.

Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were assayed immunohistochemically in cytological smears and histological samples from 30 breast cancer patients. Since the results reported by the two research centers matched by 73%, it is suggested that running ER and PR determinations on cytological smears in cases of inoperable cancer, preoperative therapy and monitoring may be recommended. Therefore, the 3-4 year old records on ER and PR determinations should be regarded as null and void.

[Immunohistochemical investigation of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast tumors]. / Immunogistokhimicheskoe issledovanie retseptorov éstrogenov i progesterona v rake molochnoi zhelezy.

Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor levels were assayed in 344 breast tumors. The following 4 patterns were identified: ER+ PR(+)--61%; ER+ PR- 24%; ER- PR(+)--15% and ER- PR(-)--35%. While no correlation was found between histological pattern, on the one hand, and the ER/PR ratio and age, on the other, there was one between estrogen and progesterone receptor content, on the one hand, and age, tumor size and metastatic spread to regional lymph nodes, on the other (p > 0.001).

Cytotoxic activity of endometrial immunocompetent cells determines the outcome of embryo implantation.

The data on the formation of blastocysts in culture during therapeutic cycles of extracorporeal fertilization and on cytotoxic index of the endometrium in women with different clinical pathogenetic variants of sterility are presented. Analysis of correlations of these parameters with the incidence of effective implantation and pregnancy revealed a strict correlation between cytotoxic activity of endometrial immunocompetent cells and human embryo implantation.

[Investigation of nucleolar organizer region activity in epithelial cells of hyperplastic endometrial carcinoma tissue]. / Issledovanie aktivnosti iadryshkoorganizuiushchikh zon v épitelial'nykh kletkakh pri giperplaziiakh i rake éndometriia s ispol'zovaniem analiza izobrazheniia.

Such characteristics of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) as nucleolar and intra-nucleolar grain counts, NOR mean area, mean total NOR area in nucleus, nuclear area and nucleolus/nucleus ratio were identified using vaginal aspirate-smears from 34 patients with histologically verified diagnosis (adenocarcinoma--10, atypical hyperplasia (ATH)--10, glandular endometrial hyperplasia (GEH)--4); silver-staining and micro-imaging analyzer techniques were employed. Atypical hyperplasia and nucleolar count in nucleus progressively and significantly increased in the following sequence: proliferative phase--GEH--adenocarcinoma. Mean and total area of NORs showed a significant rise in ATH and adenocarcinoma. Those indices of endometrial cell proliferation and GEH were identical. Nuclear area and nucleolus/nucleus ratio offered most information for differentiating GEH, ATH and carcinoma. A highly reliable correlation was established between intra-nucleolar grain count and microscopically-assayed silver concentration, on the one hand, and NOR area, on the other.

[Nucleolar organizers and mitotic conditions in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinomai]. / Iadryshkovye organizatory i mitoticheskii rezhim v giperplasticheskikh izmeneniiakh i rake endometriia.

The study deals with the levels of nucleolar organizers (NO) and mitotic conditions in 85 samples of the endometrium (proliferative stage of menstrual cycle--5; glandular hyperplasia--10; adenomatosis--15; atypical hyperplasia--25 and adenocarcinoma--25). These findings point to a significant increase in NO number in atypical hyperplasia and especially in adenocarcinoma. The latter showed an inverse correlation between the index under study and cell differentiation stage. Endometrial mitosis displayed a higher mitotic index, a larger fraction of pathological mitoses and cells passing through metaphase as well as a variety of pathological forms of karyokinesis. A high correlation between NO number and mitotic index was observed for different conditions of the endometrium.