RESUMEN
PURPOSE: The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) sacituzumab govitecan (SG) comprises the topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) inhibitor (TOP1i) SN-38, coupled to a monoclonal antibody targeting trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2). Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition may synergize with TOP1i and SG, but previous studies combining systemic PARP and TOP1 inhibitors failed due to dose-limiting myelosuppression. Here, we assess the proof-of-mechanism and clinical feasibility for SG and talazoparib (TZP) employing an innovative sequential dosing schedule. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In vitro models tested pharmacodynamic endpoints, and in a phase 1b clinical trial (NCT04039230), 30 patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) received SG and TZP in a concurrent (N = 7) or sequential (N = 23) schedule. Outcome measures included safety, tolerability, preliminary efficacy, and establishment of a recommended phase 2 dose. RESULTS: We hypothesized that tumor-selective delivery of TOP1i via SG would reduce nontumor toxicity and create a temporal window, enabling sequential dosing of SG and PARP inhibition. In vitro, sequential SG followed by TZP delayed TOP1 cleavage complex clearance, increased DNA damage, and promoted apoptosis. In the clinical trial, sequential SG/TZP successfully met primary objectives and demonstrated median progression-free survival (PFS) of 7.6 months without dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), while concurrent dosing yielded 2.3 months PFS and multiple DLTs including severe myelosuppression. CONCLUSIONS: While SG dosed concurrently with TZP is not tolerated clinically due to an insufficient therapeutic window, sequential dosing of SG followed by TZP proved a viable strategy. These findings support further clinical development of the combination and suggest that ADC-based therapy may facilitate novel, mechanism-based dosing strategies.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Camptotecina , Inmunoconjugados , Inhibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribosa) Polimerasas , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa I , Humanos , Femenino , Inmunoconjugados/administración & dosificación , Inmunoconjugados/uso terapéutico , Inmunoconjugados/farmacología , Inhibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribosa) Polimerasas/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/administración & dosificación , Camptotecina/análogos & derivados , Camptotecina/administración & dosificación , Camptotecina/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa I/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa I/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patología , Ftalazinas/administración & dosificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , ADN-Topoisomerasas de Tipo I/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Moléculas de Adhesión CelularRESUMEN
We aimed to study the incidence and genomic spectrum of actionable alterations (AA) detected in serial cfDNA collections from patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Patients with MBC who underwent plasma-based cfDNA testing (Guardant360®) between 2015 and 2021 at an academic institution were included. For patients with serial draws, new pathogenic alterations in each draw were classified as actionable alterations (AA) if they met ESCAT I or II criteria of the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT). A total of 344 patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative (HER2-) MBC, 95 patients with triple-negative (TN) MBC and 42 patients with HER2-positive (HER2 + ) MBC had a baseline (BL) cfDNA draw. Of these, 139 HR+/HER2-, 33 TN and 13 HER2+ patients underwent subsequent cfDNA draws. In the HR+/HER2- cohort, the proportion of patients with new AA decreased from 63% at BL to 27-33% in the 2nd-4th draws (p < 0.0001). While some of the new AA in subsequent draws from patients with HR+/HER2- MBC were new actionable variants in the same genes that were known to be altered in previous draws, 10-24% of patients had new AA in previously unaltered genes. The incidence of new AA also decreased with subsequent draws in the TN and HER2+ cohorts (TN: 25% to 0-9%, HER2 + : 38% to 14-15%). While the incidence of new AA in serial cfDNA decreased with subsequent draws across all MBC subtypes, new alterations with a potential impact on treatment selection continued to emerge, particularly for patients with HR+/HER2- MBC.
RESUMEN
Drugs targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) are widely used in cancer therapy, but resistance to these drugs remains a major clinical challenge. Here, we show that SYCP2, a meiotic protein in the synaptonemal complex, is aberrantly and commonly expressed in breast and ovarian cancers and associated with broad resistance to DDR drugs. Mechanistically, SYCP2 enhances the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through transcription-coupled homologous recombination (TC-HR). SYCP2 promotes R-loop formation at DSBs and facilitates RAD51 recruitment independently of BRCA1. SYCP2 loss impairs RAD51 localization, reduces TC-HR, and renders tumors sensitive to PARP and topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors. Furthermore, our studies of two clinical cohorts find that SYCP2 overexpression correlates with breast cancer resistance to antibody-conjugated TOP1 inhibitor and ovarian cancer resistance to platinum treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that SYCP2 confers cancer cell resistance to DNA-damaging agents by stimulating R-loop-mediated DSB repair, offering opportunities to improve DDR therapy.
Asunto(s)
Reparación del ADN , Estructuras R-Loop , Roturas del ADN de Doble Cadena , Recombinación Homóloga , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA1/metabolismo , ADN , Recombinasa Rad51/genética , Recombinasa Rad51/metabolismo , Reparación del ADN por RecombinaciónRESUMEN
We discuss a recent manuscript providing recommendations to improve use and access for liquid biopsy in oncology.