Comparison of various calcium antagonist on vasospastic angina: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery vasospasm is an abnormal spasm of coronary arteries that cause transient or complete occlusion without exertion. It causes stable angina to ACS. However, this can be prevented by calcium channel blockers (CCBs) which suppress Ca2+ influx into the vascular muscle cells. Nevertheless, several CCBs adverse effects are harmful for these patients. Selecting the right CCBs would give the best clinical practice. METHOD: The studies were obtained from four major medical databases by various keywords. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were implemented as adult >18 years, observational study, English language and drug of interest. Duplicates were eliminated, and the remaining studies were reviewed. Final full-texts assessment was conducted independently by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Revised Cochrane. RESULTS: The search found 1378 articles. However, six studies were selected after implementing the study criteria. Diltiazem was found to decrease angina and increase quality of life until 12th week of treatment; however, some adverse effects include atrioventricular block and recurrent angina up till 4th week were found. Meanwhile, nifedipine was found to decrease vasospastic angina (VSA) by the fourth and eighth weeks of treatment. Nevertheless, it caused excessive drop in BP and increase heart rate by eighth week. In addition, slow-release preparation of both CCBs were found to increase efficacy and compliance. Lastly amlodipine was also found to decrease VSA by 17%±140% and 33% after 6 weeks, but further studies needed. CONCLUSION: Diltiazem, nifedipine and amlodipine are potent in decreasing VSA, however, tailoring specific CCBs adverse reactions to patient condition and the drug preparation would be substantially beneficial for the outcome.

A somatic proteoglycan controls Notch-directed germ cell fate.

Communication between the soma and germline optimizes germ cell fate programs. Notch receptors are key determinants of germ cell fate but how somatic signals direct Notch-dependent germ cell behavior is undefined. Here we demonstrate that SDN-1 (syndecan-1), a somatic transmembrane proteoglycan, controls expression of the GLP-1 (germline proliferation-1) Notch receptor in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. We find that SDN-1 control of a somatic TRP calcium channel governs calcium-dependent binding of an AP-2 transcription factor (APTF-2) to the glp-1 promoter. Hence, SDN-1 signaling promotes GLP-1 expression and mitotic germ cell fate. Together, these data reveal SDN-1 as a putative communication nexus between the germline and its somatic environment to control germ cell fate decisions.

Segregação socioespacial, constituição do sujeito e significação do cotidiano / Socio-spatial segregation, constitution of subject and meaning dailylife

Este trabalho pretende refletir sobre o processo de segregação socioespacial estabelecendo um foco na constituição de sujeitos humanos num território de degradação ambiental que atinge as cidades: os depósitos de lixo e as relações de produção de materiais recicláveis em estreita comunicação com uma indústria que deles se serve como fonte de riqueza. Tem-se como referência o pensamento de alguns autores que se dedicaram ao entendimento da condição humana, com interesse particular pelo estabelecimento das sociabilidades no cotidiano. As reflexões apresentadas, ilustradas por pesquisa empírica, focalizam as significações atribuídas às experiências vividas no cotidiano, emergindo das análises o par eu-outro como unidades de significação, processando sentidos subjetivos no percurso elaborado pelo sujeito nos espaços da vida privada e da descoberta da vida pública.

This work intends to reflect on the process of socio-spatial segregation, establishing a focus in the constitution of human citizens in a territory of environmental degradation that reaches the cities: the garbage deposits and the relations of production of recycle materials in narrow communication with an industry that explores them as a wealth source. I bring as reference the works of some authors who have dedicated themselves to understanding the human condition, with particular interest in the establishment of sociabilities in everyday life. The presented reflections, illustrated for empirical research, focus on meaning attributed to the experiences lived in the daily one, emerging from the analyses of the pair "me-other" as units of meaning, processing subjective senses in the passage elaborated by the citizen in the spaces of the private life and the discovery of the public life.