Biomechanical analysis of rotator cuff repairs with extracellular matrix graft augmentation.

Despite advances in surgical techniques, 20% to 90% of rotator cuff (RTC) repairs fail. They tend to fail at the suture-tendon junction due to tension at the repair and gap formation prior to healing. This study evaluated the gap formation and ultimate tensile failure loads of a RTC repair with a decellularized human dermal allograft. Augmentation of a RTC repair with an extracellular matrix graft decreased gap formation and increased load to failure in a human RTC repair model.

Incidence of heterotopic ossification in direct anterior total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective radiographic review.

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA) with traditional approaches. The direct anterior approach (DAA) has become a popular approach for THA; however, no study has evaluated HO formation following DAA THA. We examined the incidence of HO in a consecutive series of THA using the DAA in two separate hospitals. Standard preoperative radiographs were examined to determine the type of degenerative arthritis, and follow-up radiographs of at least 6 months after surgery were evaluated for the presence and classification of HO. The overall incidence of HO after DAA THA in this study was 98/236, or 41.5%, which falls within the reported range from recent studies involving more traditional approaches to the hip.

Masked hypodiploidy in anaplastic meningiomas by duplication of the original clone found in atypical meningiomas: illustration of the evolution of genetic alterations.

Meningiomas are common, usually benign neoplasms of the central nervous system. Atypical and anaplastic meningiomas can be aggressive, show more rapid growth, and a greater propensity to recur following resection. General consensus believes that genetic abnormalities leading to anaplastic transformation are present at initial tumor presentation; however, this has not been demonstrated by array-comparative genome hybridization. We confirm the hypothesis by showing the evolution of genetic alterations in the transformation of an atypical meningioma to an anaplastic meningioma. Additionally, we provide potential genes responsible for malignant transformation of meningiomas, which, with further research, may provide diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Comprehensive approach to the evaluation of groin pain.

Groin pain is often related to hip pathology. As a result, groin pain is a clinical complaint encountered by orthopaedic surgeons. Approximately one in four persons will develop symptomatic hip arthritis before age 85 years. Groin injuries account for approximately 1 in 20 athletic injuries, and groin pain accounts for 1 in 10 patient visits to sports medicine centers. Many athletes with chronic groin pain have multiple coexisting pathologies spanning several disciplines. In treating these patients, the orthopaedic surgeon must consider both musculoskeletal groin disorders and nonorthopaedic conditions that can present as groin pain. A comprehensive history and physical examination can guide the evaluation of groin pain.

Removal of trabecular metal osteonecrosis intervention implant and conversion to primary total hip arthroplasty.

Core decompression and placement of the Trabecular Metal Osteonecrosis Intervention Implant have shown to be initially successful in treating early osteonecrosis. When treatment fails, however, patients often undergo primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) requiring removal of a previously inserted trabecular metal implant. We describe a technical tip for removal of a well-ingrown trabecular metal screw. A metal-cutting trephine placed over the screw allows for removal in an efficient manner while minimizing additional dissection and bone loss during conversion to THA.

Treatment of glenohumeral sepsis with a commercially produced antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer.

BACKGROUND: We report our experience in treating infected shoulder arthroplasty and primary shoulder sepsis using a commercially produced antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We treated 16 shoulders in 15 patients for infected arthroplasty or osteomyelitis of the proximal humerus with irrigation and débridement, hardware removal, or humeral head resection, or both, and placement of an interval articulating hemiarthroplasty with a commercially made gentamicin-impregnated cement spacer. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 20.5 months after spacer placement. At the time of débridement, 12 shoulders had positive cultures; the most common organisms were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3) and S. epidermidis (n = 3). Twelve patients underwent revision. Four refused revision and have retained antibiotic spacers. White blood cell counts returned to within normal ranges in all patients at the time of revision, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 5 of 12 patients, C-reactive protein in 8 of 12 patients, and interleukin-6 in 9 of 11 patients. Mean visual analog pain scale score decreased from 8.4 before spacer placement to 0.5 at the final follow-up. Active forward flexion increased from a mean of 65 degrees to 110 degrees , and active external rotation from -5 degrees to 20 degrees . Mean University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Rating Scale score increased from 7 to 26, Simple Shoulder Test (SST) from 1.2 to 6.6, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form score from 16 to 74, and Constant score from 16 to 57. There was no recurrence of infection. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of glenohumeral sepsis with a commercially produced antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer appears to be an effective treatment modality, and serum interleukin-6 level appears to be useful in the evaluation of shoulder infection.

Total dislocation of the talus and the navicular: a case report.

Total dislocation of the talonavicular joint is rare. Detection of a major tarsal bone extrusion is simple. However, its management and treatment are not. We present a case of a total extrusion of the talus and navicular of an open dislocation and the reconstruction options that subsequently followed. In spite of a well-perfused foot, our patient decided to undergo a below the knee amputation after an infection.