Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization in a Pathways Community HUB Model Program: Results of a Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The THRIVE (Toward Health Resiliency and Infant Vitality & Equity) program aims to reduce racial disparities in birth outcomes by addressing individual risks and social determinants of health using the Pathways Community HUB model. This study examines (1) racial disparities among THRIVE participants and propensity score matched (PSM) comparisons in adequacy of prenatal care, and whether THRIVE participation (2) attenuates such disparities, and (3) improves odds of having adequate prenatal care. METHODS: Birth certificate and Care Coordination Systems client data were merged for analysis. PSM was employed for 1:1 matching per birth year (2017-2020) and race for participating and non-participating first-time births in Stark County, Ohio. Additional matching variables were age, marital status, education attainment, birth quarter, census tract poverty rate, and Women Infant & Children (WIC) enrollment. Logistic regression assessed racial differences in adequate prenatal care utilization (APNCU) and examined differences between the intervention and comparison groups on APNCU. RESULTS: THRIVE participants averaged more prenatal care visits and had a higher percentage of adequate care utilization than the comparison group. THRIVE program participation, educational attainment, and WIC enrollment were associated with higher odds of adequate prenatal care utilization (OR 4.74; 95% CI 2.62, 8.57). Race was not significant for APNCU. DISCUSSION: Although accessing and maintaining prenatal care is only one aspect of improving birth outcomes, the findings contribute to the understanding of the effects of the program of interest and other similar programs on factors which may promote desired birth outcomes in high-risk populations.

Work Reentry After Childbirth: Predictors of Self-Rated Health in Month One Among a Sample of University Faculty and Staff.

BACKGROUND: Childbirth represents a significant transition for women, with physical and psychological sequelae. Reentry to the workplace during the postpartum period is understudied, with implications for maternal well-being and job-related outcomes. This study's aim was to examine selected pregnancy, childbirth, and return-to-work correlates of overall self-rated health within the first month of work reentry after maternity leave. METHODS: Between December 2016 and January 2017, we surveyed women employed at a large, public Midwestern university who had given birth in the past five years (N = 249) to examine self-rated overall health in the first month of work reentry. Using ordinal logistic regression, we examined whether physical or psychological health problems during pregnancy, childbirth complications, length of maternity leave, and depression and anxiety at work reentry were related to overall health. RESULTS: Women who experienced depression (odds ratio [OR] = 0.096 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.019 to 0.483, p = 0.004]) and anxiety (OR = 0.164, [95% CI = 0.042 to 0.635, p = 0.009]) nearly every day reported worse health at work reentry than those with no symptoms. Controlling for demographics and mental health, women who experienced medical problems during pregnancy (OR = 0.540 [95% CI = 0.311 to .935, p = 0.028]) were more likely to report poor health, while taking a longer maternity leave (OR = 14.552 [95% CI = 4.934 to 42.918, p < 0.001]) was associated with reporting better health at work reentry. CONCLUSION: Women who experience medical complications during pregnancy, return to the workplace too soon after birth, and experience mental health symptoms are vulnerable physically as they return to work.

Use of Silica Beads to Dry N95 Respirators During Storage.

Introduction: The 2019 novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has caused an unprecedented use of personal protective equipment (PPE), especially the disposable filtering facepiece respirator (FFR), N95. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has provided crisis capacity strategies for FFR decontamination and reuse, including the drying of N95s in paper bags for 5 days to remove the moisture that could maintain virus viability. Methods: We tested the ability of food-grade silica bead packets to accelerate moisture removal from N95s during 24-hour time periods. Results: Briefly, N95s sprayed with water were completely dehydrated by silica beads within 24 hours, as measured with a commercial moisture meter. Importantly, repeated wetting and drying (with silica) did not decrease the N95 ability to exclude the bitter taste of Bitrex during standard fit testing. Conclusions: We conclude that food-grade silica beads can desiccate wet N95s over 24 hours, removing moisture.

A new measure of interpersonal exploitativeness.

Measures of exploitativeness evidence problems with validity and reliability. The present set of studies assessed a new measure [the Interpersonal Exploitativeness Scale (IES)] that defines exploitativeness in terms of reciprocity. In Studies 1 and 2, 33 items were administered to participants. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated that a single factor consisting of six items adequately assess interpersonal exploitativeness. Study 3 results revealed that the IES was positively associated with "normal" narcissism, pathological narcissism, psychological entitlement, and negative reciprocity and negatively correlated with positive reciprocity. In Study 4, participants competed in a commons dilemma. Those who scored higher on the IES were more likely to harvest a greater share of resources over time, even while controlling for other relevant variables, such as entitlement. Together, these studies show the IES to be a valid and reliable measure of interpersonal exploitativeness. The authors discuss the implications of these studies.

PARENTING AND ADOLESCENTS' SEXUAL INITIATION.

This study draws on social control and social learning theories to examine the role of dating-specific attitudes and practices as predictors of adolescents' sexual initiation. We include attention to the adolescent's reaction to control attempts as a further means of assessing family dynamics (i.e., frequency of dating disagreements). The study uses longitudinal data from 697 adolescents who were not sexually active at the first interview as well as separate interviews with parents. In models that include all parenting variables, parental caring, parents' preferences that the child should delay sex, and the frequency of dating disagreements are significant predictors of initiation of teen sexual activity.