Immune activity of Ki-67 during nasal polyp development.

OBJECTIVE: Nasal polyps are non-cancerous, soft painless growth of nasal mucosa. In this study, our aim was to investigate the Ki-67 expression level in nasal polyps by immunohistochemical method. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 30 patients with nasal polyps were included in this study. Nasal polyps were processed for paraffin wax embedding protocol. Samples were fixed and embedded in paraffin blocks. 5 µm sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin dye and immune stained with Ki-67 antibody. Sections were analyzed under light microscope. RESULTS: Blood parameters showed that white blood cells, hematocrit and platelet were higher than normal range. In sections of hematoxylin-eosin staining, elevated basal cells, thin basement membrane, leukocyte infiltration, collagen fibers degeneration were observed. Masson trichrome staining revealed that degenerative epithelial cells, detached basement membrane and edema were observed. Ki-67 expression was observed in mucosal epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells and plasma cells in immune staining. CONCLUSIONS: Epithelial degeneration in nasal polyps and leukocyte infiltration induce nasal adenoma. Ki-67 expression may be a diagnostic tool for epithelial leukocyte formation.

Angiotensin-1 and vimentin expression and ultrastructural examination in severe preeclampsia complicated by HELLP syndrome changes in the structure of the umbilical cord.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the histopathologic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical changes in the umbilical cord in women diagnosed with HELLP syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postpartum umbilical cords of 40 patients at the 35-38th week of pregnancy were included. 20 severe preeclamptic (HELLP) and 20 normal umbilical cords were used. After the follow-up of tissue parts of 10% formaldehyde solution for histopathology and immunohistochemistry, histopathological and angiopoietin-1 and vimentin antibodies were examined as immunohistochemical after routine paraffin follow-up. For electron microscope analysis, umbilical cord samples were taken into 2.5% glutaral aldehyde solution. RESULTS: In the statistical comparison, mean difference in increased diameter and additional anomaly on the ultrasound of preeclamptic patients was statistically different compared to control patients. In the HELLP group, hyperplasia and degenerative changes, pyknosis of the endothelial cell nuclei of the vessels and apoptotic changes in some regions were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that endothelial cells, basal membrane and fibroblast cells in the HELLP group expressed high levels of vimentin. Angiotensin-1 expression was increased in amniotic epithelial cells, endothelial cells and some pericyte cells. CONCLUSIONS: As a result, it was observed that the signaling that started with trophoblastic invasion with the effect of hypoxia in severe preeclampsia and continued with dysfunction in endothelial cells was parallel to the increase in angiotensin and vimentin receptors. It is thought that the ultrastructural change in endothelial cells may cause disruption of the collagenized structure in Wharton gel, which supports this, and may cause adverse effects in fetal development and nutrition.