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Maxillary permanent canines are the second most frequent cases of impacted teeth; their resolution demands a multidisciplinary evaluation to delineate a viable treatment plan based on the individual esthetic and functional outcomes required. An impacted maxillary permanent canine which was ankylosed in a horizontal position was extracted followed by a regeneration technique, filling the bone defect with biomaterial. An implant was immediately installed in the alveolus of the extracted deciduous canine, and a connective tissue graft was buccally positioned. After the osseointegration period, a modified Palacci and Nowzari surgical technique was performed to gain papilla, and the implant was loaded with an interim restoration with a proper profile to manipulate the soft-tissue contour. Finally, the definitive restauration was cemented achieving the desired outcomes. The achieved clinical outcomes remain stable during a 2-year follow-up. A successful management of this challenge esthetic case lies in the details at surgical and prosthetic phases based in biological response of the peri-implant tissues.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of the sulfuric acid etching and an acidic adhesive conditioning on the shear bond strength of PEEK to a resin-matrix composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty PEEK specimens were assigned randomly to 4 groups for H2SO4 etching followed by universal adhesive (pH at 2.5) conditioning for 0, 1, 3, and 5 min. Thirty PEEK specimens were divided into 3 groups for only acidic adhesive conditioning for 0, 1, 3, and 5 min. After the light-curing of the adhesive, a nanohybrid resin composite was applied onto the surfaces and then light-cured following the manufacturer`s guidelines. All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h mechanical testing. Shear bond strength tests were performed using a universal testing machine. Surfaces were analyzed by SEM, light interferometry, FTIR, and liquid contact angle measurement. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: No adhesion was achieved between untreated PEEK a resin-matrix composite, regardless of the adhesive conditioning time points. Shear bond strength of H2SO4-etched PEEK to resin-matrix composite increased with time (0 mmin. 4.95 ± 2.86 MPa < 1 min: 9.35 ± 2.26 MPa < 3 min: 17.84 ± 2.82 MPa < 5 min: 21.43 ± 5.00 MPa). SEM images revealed a significant modification of PEEK surface topography after the H2SO4 etching. SIGNIFICANCE: The acidic adhesive was unable to modify the untreated PEEK surface to establish an effective adhesion although a synergistic effect was noticed when the universal (acidic) adhesive was applied over a H2SO4-etched PEEK surface, thus improving the PEEK to resin-matrix composite adhesion.
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Grabado Ácido Dental , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo , Benzofenonas , Resinas Compuestas , Cementos Dentales , Análisis del Estrés Dental , Cetonas , Ensayo de Materiales , Polietilenglicoles , Polímeros , Cementos de Resina , Resistencia al Corte , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To critically appraise available literature concerning the effect of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (CTA) in postoperative palatal pain management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic databases (Cochrane, PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched, complemented with grey literature databases up to June 2020. Studies reporting the effect of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive compared to any other methods in postoperative palatal pain management were considered eligible. The risk of bias among and across included studies was assessed. RESULTS: Finally, four studies were considered eligible. Regarding free gingival graft (FGG), cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive with hemostatic sponge promoted less postoperative pain (PP) and analgesic consumption (AC). Also, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive with platelet-rich fibrin produced less PP and more wound healing at the palatal area than cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and wet gauze. Additionally, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive promoted less PP and AC than wet gauze and suture. Concerning connective tissue graft (CTG), cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive, and suture produced similar PP, AC, and willingness for retreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the low certainty level, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive appears to promote less PP and AC than wet gauze and suture regarding FGG. Additionally, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive appears to increase the effect of hemostatic sponge, contributing to the reduction of PP and AC. Regarding CTG, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive appears to promote similar PP, AC, and willingness for retreatment than the suture. Therefore, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive has shown promising usefulness for PP management in FGG, but not a clear benefit for CTG. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The adoption of different agents for the protection of the palatal donor site following gingival harvesting procedures may provide better comfort to the patient.
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Fibrina Rica en Plaquetas , Adhesivos Tisulares , Cianoacrilatos , Humanos , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Postoperatorio/prevención & control , Hueso Paladar/cirugía , Adhesivos Tisulares/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Ante los eventos de gran magnitud, la incertidumbre se apodera de las personas y afecta su salud mental a corto, mediano y largo plazo. Tras analizar fenómenos anteriores que han 'sacudido' al mundo, investigadores de Colombia, Chile y España profundizan en el tema y sugieren algunas intervenciones.
In the face of large-scale events, uncertainty takes hold of people and affects their mental health in the short, medium and long term. After analyzing previous phenomena that have 'shaken' the world, researchers from Colombia, Chile and Spain delve into the subject and suggest some interventions.
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HumanosRESUMEN
Se presenta un Caso Clínico de una paciente de género femenino, 90 años 6 meses de edad, con diagnóstico inicial de Coxartrosis Bilateral de Cadera. Se le realizó Reemplazo Total de Cadera hace 30 años del lado izquierdo (1990) con una Prótesis de Roy Camille, y hace 25 años se intervino el lado derecho (1997) con una Prótesis Bipolar Cementada. En el año 2019 se llevó a Revisión de Prótesis de Cadera.
We present a Clinical Case of a female patient, 90 years 6 months of age, with an initial diagnosis of Bilateral Hip Coxarthrosis. Total Hip Replacement was performed 30 years ago on the left side (1990) with Roy Camille Prosthesis, and 25 years ago the right side (1997) was intervened with a Cemented Bipolar Prosthesis. In the year 2019 he took o hip Prosthesis Review.
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Humanos , Prótesis e Implantes , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera , Osteotomía , Dolor , Fracturas Óseas , AcetábuloRESUMEN
In quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSC), a cascade energy level structure controlled by assembly of cadmium-chalcogenide quantum dots can remarkably improve the sunlight harvesting and charge carrier lifetime. Despite the advantages of using co-sensitizers, energy conversion efficiencies are still low. An increased understanding of the causes of the low photoconversion efficiency (PCE) will contribute to the development of a straightforward approach to improve solar cell performance by exploiting co-sensitization. Herein we discuss how an excess of cadmium causes structural disorder and defect levels impacting the PCE of QDSSC devices. Thus, outer CdS1-xSex/inner CdS QD-co-sensitized B,N,F-co-doped-TiO2 nanotubes (BNF-TNT) were prepared. Chalcogenides were deposited by the SILAR method on BNF-TNT, varying the load of CdS as the inner sensitizer, while for CdS1-xSex, five SILAR cycles were used (5-CdS1-xSex), controlling the nominal S/Se molar ratio of the ternary alloy. Cd defects named as Cd-Cd energy levels were observed during CdS sensitization. Although incorporation of outer CdS1-xSex provides a tunable band gap to achieve good band alignment for carrier separation, Cd-Cd energy levels in the sensitizers act as recombination centers, limiting the overall electron flow at the BNF-TNT/CdS/CdS1-xSex interface. A maximum PCE of 2.58% was reached under standard AM 1.5G solar illumination at 100 mW cm-2. Additional limitations of SILAR as a deposition strategy of QDs are also found to influence the PCE of QDSSC.
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Effective control of the interface between the metal cathode and the electron transport layer (ETL) is critical for achieving high performance p-i-n planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Several organic molecules have been explored as interlayers between the silver (Ag) electrode and the ETL for the improvement in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of p-i-n planar PSCs. However, the role of these organic molecules in the charge transfer at the metal/ETL interface and the chemical degradation processes of PSCs has not yet been fully understood. In this work, we systematically explore the effects of the interfacial modification of the Ag/ETL interface on PSCs using rhodamine 101 as a model molecule. By the insertion of rhodamine 101 as an interlayer between Ag and fullerene derivatives (PC60BM and PC70BM) ETLs improve the PCE as well as the stability of p-i-n planar PSCs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization reveals that rhodamine passivates the defects at the PCBM layer and reduces the band bending at the PCBM surface. In consequence, charge transfer from the PCBM towards the Ag electrode is enhanced leading to an increased fill factor (FF) resulting in a PCE up to 16.6%. Moreover, rhodamine acts as a permeation barrier hindering the penetration of moisture towards the perovskite layer as well as preventing the chemical interaction of perovskite with the Ag electrode. Interestingly, the work function of the metal cathode remains more stable due to the rhodamine incorporation. Consequently, a better alignment between the quasi-Fermi level of PCBM and the Ag work function is achieved minimizing the energy barrier for charge extraction. This work contributes to reveal the relevance of proper interfacial engineering at the metal-cathode/organic-semiconductor interface.
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Fabrication of solution-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) requires the deposition of high quality films from precursor inks. Frequently, buffer layers of PSCs are formed from dispersions of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Therefore, the development of trustable methods for the preparation of stable colloidal NPs dispersions is crucial. In this work, a novel approach to form very compact semiconducting buffer layers with suitable optoelectronic properties is presented through a self-functionalization process of the nanocrystalline particles by their own amorphous phase and without adding any other inorganic or organic functionalization component or surfactant. Such interconnecting amorphous phase composed by residual nitrate, hydroxide, and sodium ions, proved to be fundamental to reach stable colloidal dispersions and contribute to assemble the separate crystalline nickel oxide NPs in the final film, resulting in a very homogeneous and compact layer. A proposed mechanism behind the great stabilization of the nanoparticles is exposed. At the end, the self-functionalized nickel oxide layer exhibited high optoelectronic properties enabling perovskite p-i-n solar cells as efficient as 16.6% demonstrating the pertinence of the presented strategy to obtain high quality buffer layers processed in solution at room temperature.
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Since the first reports of efficient organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells in 2012, an explosion of research activity has emerged around the world, which has led to a rise in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) to over 20%. Despite the impressive efficiency, a key area of the device which remains suboptimal is the electron extraction layer and its interface with the photoactive perovskite. Here, we implement an electron collection "bilayer" composed of a thin layer of zirconia coated with titania, sitting upon the transparent conductive oxide fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). With this double collection layer we have reached up to 17.9% power conversion efficiency, delivering a stabilized power output (SPO) of 17.0%, measured under simulated AM 1.5 sunlight of 100 mW cm-2 irradiance. Finally, we propose a mechanism of the charge transfer processes within the fabricated architectures in order to explain the obtained performance of the devices.
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Introducción: La clavícula es uno de los huesos más propensos a lesiones, debido a su localización subcutánea y relativamente anterior; su manejo, ortopédico o quirúrgico, sigue siendo controvertido. Por este motivo, el objetivo que guió la revisión fue justamente identificar las tendencias actuales en cuanto al diagnóstico y al manejo de la fractura de clavícula. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de artículos, usando las bases de datos PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Embase, Ovid, SpringerLink. Se seleccionaron 57 referencias, con base en la calidad de la evidencia presentada por las mismas. Resultados y Discusión: La elección del tratamiento más adecuado para la fractura de clavícula sigue constituyéndose en un reto para el ortopedista. El análisis se debe basar en las características individuales de cada paciente, de una cuidadosa consideración de los beneficios y en los daños relativos de cada intervención, como también en las preferencias del paciente. Para avanzar en la definición de estándares terapéuticos se requiere la realización de estudios que tengan en cuenta un mayor número de individuos especialmente en los extremos de la vida y que permitan generar un mejor nivel de evidencia.
Introduction: The clavicle is one of the bones more prone to injury because due to their subcutaneous and relative anterior position. Its management, either orthopedic or surgical, remains controversial. Therefore, the objective that guided this review was to identify current trends in the diagnosis and management of broken clavicle. Materials and Methods: a review of articles was conducted using PubMed / Medline, ScienceDirect, Embase, Ovid, and SpringerLink databases. Fifty-seven (57) references were selected based on the quality of the evidence they presented. Results and Discussion: Choosing the most appropriate treatment for broken clavicle continues to be a challenge for the orthopedist. The analysis should be based on the individual characteristics of each patient, a careful consideration of the benefits and the relative harms of each intervention, as well as patient preferences. To advance in the definition of therapeutic standards, are required the performance of studies that take into account a greater number of individuals particularly in the extremes of life, which allow generating a higher level of evidence.
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Con el paso de los años la salud del ser humano se ha constituido en la principal causa de preocupación e interés para los científicos, investigadores y profesionales involucrados en el campo de la salud. Los estímulos intrínsecos o extrínsecos que rodean al hombre producen una variedad de estados de ánimo que pueden alterar positiva o negativamente el rendimiento del organismo lo que conlleva al desarrollo de comportamientos repetitivos no siempre conscientes pero si inadecuados. Existen diversos factores tensionales predisponentes, asociados con factores orales los cuales contribuyen a desencadenar patologías que con frecuencia afectan al sistema estomatognático; siendo en este caso el bruxismo, una de las alteraciones que afectan a mayor número de individuos en la actualidad; condición clínica que pasa inadvertida por la mayoría de personas que padecen tal situación. El bruxismo es considerado un hábito caracterizado por hiperfunción de los músculos de la masticación, que lleva al apretamiento y rechinamiento de dientes con el consiguiente desgaste y alteración de la relación oclusal y de otras áreas del sistema estomatognático, cuyas secuelas en cada uno de los componentes de dicho sistema son muy dañinas, convirtiéndose además en una de las causas primordiales de la desorganización en su totalidad de dicho sistema. Por lo tanto, es necesario que el odontólogo realice un análisis exhaustivo del problema identificando los múltiples factores que se presentan en cada individuo con el fin de realizar un diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento, acorde a las necesidades de cada paciente. Con el presente trabajo de investigación se da a conocer la cantidad de pacientes que se presentaron con bruxismo en el período de febrero a noviembre del 2002; verificando si se les dio seguimiento a los pacientes de acuerdo a lo plasmado en los expedientes mediante el diagnostico, plan de tratamiento y sus respectivos controles. De los resultados de este estudio se recomiendan acciones enfocadas a mejorar la atención de la población identificada con bruxismo y que es tratada en las clínicas odontológicas de la Universidad de El Salvador.
Over the years, human health has become the main cause of concern and interest for scientists, researchers and professionals involved in the field of health. The intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli that surround man produce a variety of moods that can positively or negatively alter the performance of the organism, which leads to the development of repetitive behaviors that are not always conscious but are inappropriate. There are various predisposing stress factors associated with oral factors which contribute to triggering pathologies that frequently affect the stomatognathic system; being in this case bruxism, one of the alterations that affect the greatest number of individuals today; clinical condition that goes unnoticed by most people who suffer from such a situation. Bruxism is considered a habit characterized by hyperfunction of the chewing muscles, which leads to clenching and grinding of teeth with the consequent wear and alteration of the occlusal relationship and other areas of the stomatognathic system, whose sequelae in each of the components of said system are very harmful, also becoming one of the primary causes of the disorganization in its entirety of said system. Therefore, it is necessary for the dentist to carry out an exhaustive analysis of the problem, identifying the multiple factors that occur in each individual in order to make a diagnosis and treatment plan, according to the needs of each patient. With this research work, the number of patients who presented with bruxism in the period from February to November 2002 is revealed; verifying if the patients were followed according to what is reflected in the records through the diagnosis, treatment plan and their respective controls. From the results of this study, actions are recommended focused on improving the care of the population identified with bruxism and that is treated in the dental clinics of the University of El Salvador.
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Bruxismo , Patología Bucal , Facultades de Odontología , Ajuste Oclusal , El Salvador , MaloclusiónRESUMEN
O estrato socioeconômico baixo é o maior fator de risco para a aquisição natural da infecção por Helicobacter pylori em países em desenvolvimento. As vias de transmissão são desconhecidas embora estudos sugerem transmissão pessoa-pessoa. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a soropositividade de anticorpos anti H. pylori em familiares de pacientes sintomáticos infectados comparados a de pacientes não infectados. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 112 familiares de 38 pacientes encaminhados para afastar doença péptica. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exame endoscópico, sendo realizadas quatro biopsias gástricas para pesquisa de H. pylori: duas para teste rápido da urease e duas para histologia (HE/Giemsa). Foi considerado infectado por H. pylori quando ambos os exames resultaram positivos. Nos familiares foi realizada sorologia com método ELISA, utilizando-se o Kit Cobas Core II (Roche), sendo considerado resultado positivo a titulação 7U/mL. Os familiares foram divididos em três grupos: grupo I: 29 familiares de 10 pacientes com úlcera duodenal H. pylori+; grupo II: 57 familiares de 17 pacientes sem úlcera duodenal H. pylori+; grupo III: 26 familiares de 11 pacientes H. pylori-. Foi testada a associação entre grupos e positividade através de uma extensão do teste exato de Fisher (método de Montecarlo SPSS), sendo analisada a soropositividade em cada um dos membros da família: pai, mãe, irmãos e o binômio mãe/pai e para a avaliação de múltiplas variáveis utilizou-se ANOVA. RESULTADOS: Os familiares de pacientes H. pylori+ apresentaram maior soropositividade comparado com o grupo controle, 83% vs 38%, sendo maior nas mães 81% vs 18% e irmãos 76% vs 20%. A soropositividade do pai não foi estatiscamente significante, quando comparados os três grupos de pacientes: 100% vs 86% vs 70%. A soropositividade de todos os membros da família, mãe, pai e irmãos nos grupos de úlcera duodenal H. pylori+ e sem úlcera duodenal H. pylori+ foram semelhantes. CONCLUSÃO: Familiares de pacientes infectados apresentam mais infecção por H. pylori. A soropositividade foi semelhante entre os familiares dos pacientes infectados com e sem úlcera duodenal. Infecção por H. pylori é mais freqüente em mães e irmãos de pacientes infectados; ao contrário, nos pais não houve diferença estatisticamente...
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Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Familia , Gastritis/microbiología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/transmisión , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Análisis de Varianza , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Gastritis/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Helicobacter pylori/inmunología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Low socioeconomical status is a major risk factor for natural acquisition of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in developing countries. Its transmission route is unknown but studies suggest person-to-person transmission. AIM: To evaluate seropositivity of anti-H. pylori antibodies in family members of infected symptomatic index patients as compared to family members of symptomatic uninfected index patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twelve family members of 38 patients who underwent endoscopy to exclude peptic disease were studied. Patients were deemed H. pylori infected or not infected when rapid urease test and histology were both positive or both negative. The family members underwent ELISA serology using the Cobas Core II Kit (Roche) and were classified into three groups: I - 29 family members of 10 H. pylori (+) duodenal ulcer index patients; II - 57 family members of 17 H. pylori (+) index patients without duodenal ulcer; III - 26 family members of 11 H. pylori (-) index patients. RESULTS: Seropositivity of group I and II (infected patients) was higher than the control group, 83% vs 38%, specially in mothers, 81% vs 18%, and in siblings 76% vs 20%. Differences between fathers' seropositivity was not statistically significant in the three groups: 100% vs 86% vs 70%. Seropositivity of all family members (mother, father and siblings) between infected group (I vs II) was similar. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in family members of infected patients, but was similar among family members of infected patients with and without duodenal ulcer. H. pylori infection is more frequent in mothers and siblings of infected index children. A common source of infection cannot be excluded, but facts suggest that person-to-person transmission occurs, specially from mother to child.