Association between suicidal ideation and burnout: A meta-analysis.

Approximately 700,000 people die by suicide annually worldwide. Researchers have explored a spectrum of experiences that involve stress in academic or work environments and potentially intensify suicidal thoughts or behaviors. However, no meta-analysis has examined the relationship between suicidal ideation (SI) and burnout. This study consisted of a meta-analysis to examine the association between SI and burnout syndrome, utilizing the WoS Core Collection, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, DIALNET, and Google Scholar databases. Twenty-one samples met the study's eligibility criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The results revealed a significant relationship between SI and burnout, with the type of burnout (occupational, academic, and parental) emerging as the most significant moderating variable. Occupational burnout exhibited the lowest correlation, followed by academic and parental burnout. These findings suggest the importance of developing tools to assess SI within the context of the work environment, parenting and academics, and psychoeducational programs for managing stress.

Health-Related, Social and Cognitive Factors Explaining Gambling Addiction.

BACKGROUND: Gambling addiction was the first addictive behavior not related to substance use that was recognized by the DSM-5. It shares diagnostics and comorbidity with other addictions. Extensive studies have investigated the clinical variables involved, but there have been fewer studies of related cognitive and social variables. In this research, an integrative model was developed to advance the understanding of gambling addiction, and an explanatory model was created based on the concept of cognitive distortions. METHODS: The sample comprised 258 university students (59.5% women) with a mean age of 20.95 years (SD = 2.19). A series of questionnaires were administered to measure gambling addiction, depression, coping with stress, prosocial behavior, susceptibility to priming and cognitive distortions about gambling. In addition, correlations, multiple linear regressions and a simple mediation model of these variables were analyzed. RESULTS: The results indicated that gambling addiction was correlated with a variety of clinical, social and cognitive factors. These factors contributed to a model that predicted 16.8% of the variance in gambling addiction and another model using cognitive distortions as a predictor and the maximum bet as a mediator that predicted 34.5% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: The study represents an advance by developing a theoretical model from an integrative perspective and providing a new explanatory model. The findings of this research are of great importance in the development of prevention and intervention programs for gambling addiction.

Measurement of Prosocial Tendencies: Meta-Analysis of the Generalization of the Reliability of the Instrument.

The Prosocial Tendencies Measure (PTM) and its revised version (PTM-R) are used internationally to measure prosocial behaviors in different life situations. To obtain accumulated evidence of the report and the reliability of its scores, a meta-analysis of the reliability of internal consistency was performed. The databases of Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus were reviewed and all the studies that applied it from 2002 to 2021 were selected. Results: Only 47.9% of the studies presented the index of reliability of PTM and PTM-R. The meta-analytic results of the reliability report of the subscales that the PTM and the PTM-R have in common were: Public 0.78 (95% CI: 0.76-0.80), Anonymous 0.80 (95% CI: 0.79-0.82), Dire 0.74 (95% CI: 0.71-0.76), and Compliant 0.71 (95% CI: 0.72-0.78). Each one of them presents high levels of heterogeneity derived from the gender of the participants (percentage of women), the continent of the population, the validation design, the incentive to participate, and the form of application. It is concluded that both versions present acceptable reliabilities to measure prosocial behavior in different groups and situations, as adolescents and young people, but their clinical use is discouraged.

Social Support and Resilience as Predictors of Prosocial Behaviors before and during COVID-19.

The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between social support and resilience with prosocial behavior before and during the confinement caused by COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The participants were divided into a confined group (228 women and 84 men) and an unconfined group (153 women and 105 men), all of whom were university students. Instruments were applied to measure the variables proposed. Results: Social support predicted 24.4% of the variance in prosocial behavior among women and 12% among men in the confined group; no evidence of this relationship was found in the unconfined groups. Resilience predicted 7% of the variance in prosocial behavior among confined women, 8.4% among confined men, 8.8% among unconfined women, and 5.1% in unconfined men. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show the importance of social support and resilience in prosocial behaviors, which are key elements for the proper functioning of society, especially in the face of a crisis such as COVID-19.

Motives for gambling, cognitive distortions, and irresponsible gambling: Proposal for an explanatory model of gambling addiction in university students.

There are many factors that appear to be directly related to the development of gambling addiction problems, and it is important to understand these relationships from a clinical perspective in order to develop prevention and intervention programs. This research seeks to analyze the relationships these problems have with gambling motives, cognitive distortions and irresponsible gambling behavior, and proposes an explanatory model of gambling addiction. The sample was made up of 258 adults residing in the province of Valencia (59.5% women), with a mean age of 20.95 years (SD = 2.19). A series of questionnaires were applied to measure the variables involved, and bivariate correlations, simple and multiple linear regressions and a structural equation model were analyzed. The results indicated that gambling motives were positively related to cognitive distortions, acting as predictors of these. Additionally, the proposed theoretical model showed goodness of fit on various indices and explained 69% of variance in cognitive distortions, 37% of that in irresponsible gambling and 43% of that in gambling addiction. The main limitation of this research is that the sample belongs to a very specific population, who did not necessarily have gambling problems. The main contributions are uncovering some of the relationships between gambling motives and cognitive distortions and the proposal of a mediating role of irresponsible gambling in the relationship between cognitive distortions and the development of gambling problems. If the proposed model replicates, it can be of help to research and health professionals.

A Reliability Generalization Meta-analysis of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS).

BACKGROUND: The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) is one of the most widely used screening instruments for evaluating addiction to gambling. METHOD: The main objective of this study is to analyze whether the SOGS is a reliable instrument and what characteristics of studies on the SOGS are linked to its reported reliability. RESULTS: A meta-analysis was carried out with 63 studies including 65 independent samples. The mean value of a was .86 (95% CI of .84­.88), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.27%). The variables that explain the most heterogeneity were the continent where the study was performed (R2 = .61), application to participants with or without clinical problems (R2 = .58), the form of administration of the questionnaire (R2 = .56), and the standard deviation in the SOGS score (R2 = .13). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the SOGS is a reliable instrument for evaluating gambling addiction. However, the meta-analysis highlights the need to report the reliability values for each empirical study and to provide a set of recommendations for researchers and professionals who use this instrument.

Relationship between Prosocial Behaviours and Addiction Problems: A Systematic Review.

The relationship of addiction problems with other pathologies or with different problematic factors has often been studied by psychology. Positive psychology is also currently approaching to these problems and their relationship with positive factors, such as prosocial behaviours. The purpose of this research is to carry out a systematic review of the scientific literature that has studied this relationship from 1900 to 2020. After the screening process with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 15 articles were selected. The main characteristics found in this relationship and the problems or limitations of investigations that have found relationships other than the mainstream, which show a negative relationship between prosocial behaviours and addiction problems, are discussed.

Gambling motives, problem gambling predictors and differences from problematic alcohol use / Motivos de juego, predictores del juego problemático y diferencias con el consumo problemático de alcohol

Despite the seriousness of problem gambling, its relationship with many factors has not yet been studied. This investigation sought, on the one hand, to verify the predictability of improvement over problem gambling, with irresponsible gambling being a mediator in this relationship. In addition, we sought to analyze whether predictors of problem gambling are related to problematic alcohol use. The sample consisted of 258 adults (59.5% women) with an average age of 20.95 years (SD = 2.19). Questionnaires were applied to measure gambling addiction, alcohol addiction, reasons for gambling, depression, coping with stress, prosocial behavior, and susceptibility to framing; and correlations, multiple linear regressions and a simple mediation model were analyzed. Results indicated on the one hand that 32.45% of variance in problem gambling is explained by reasons for gambling, with the maximum amount of money bet mediating this relation. On the other hand, an integrative model that explains 16.8% of problem gambling does not work for alcohol addiction. The results provide a new explanatory model of problem gambling and emphasize the need for interventions in problem gambling to be developed in accordance with the special characteristics of this addiction. These findings are relevant in the field of health psychology for their potential contribution to prevention and intervention programs. (AU)

A pesar de la gravedad del juego problemático, la relación que guarda con muchos factores todavía no ha sido estudiada. Esta investigación perseguía, por un lado, comprobar la capacidad predictora del motivo de mejora sobre el juego problemático, siendo el juego irresponsable un mediador en esta relación. Por otro lado, analizar si los factores predictores del juego problemático lo son del consumo problemático de alcohol. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 258 adultos (59.5% mujeres) con una edad media de 20.95 años (SD= 2.19). Se aplicaron cuestionarios para medir los problemas de juego, los problemas con el alcohol, los motivos para jugar, la depresión, el afrontamiento del estrés, la conducta prosocial y la susceptibilidad al efecto marco; y se analizaron las correlaciones, regresiones lineales múltiples y un modelo de mediación simple. Los resultados indican por un lado que el 32.45% de la varianza de los problemas con el juego es explicada por los motivos de juego, mediando la cantidad máxima de dinero apostado esta relación; por otro lado, un modelo integrador que explica el 16.8% de los problemas de juego, no funciona en la adicción al alcohol. Los resultados aportan un nuevo modelo explicativo del juego problemático y recalcan la necesidad de que la intervención en estos problemas se desarrolle atendiendo a las características propias de esta adicción. Estos hallazgos resultan de relevancia en el campo de la salud por su aportación a los programas de prevención e intervención. (AU)

Motivos de juego, predictores del juego problemático y diferencias con el consumo problemático de alcohol / Gambling motives, problem gambling predictors and differences from problematic alcohol use

A pesar de la gravedad del juego problemático, la relación que guarda con muchos factores todavía no ha sido estudiada. Esta investigación perseguía, por un lado, comprobar la capacidad predictora del motivo de mejora sobre el juego problemático, siendo el juego irresponsable un mediador en esta relación. Por otro lado, analizar si los factores predictores del juego problemático lo son del consumo problemático de alcohol. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 258 adultos (59.5% mujeres) con una edad media de 20.95 años (SD= 2.19). Se aplicaron cuestionarios para medir los problemas de juego, los problemas con el alcohol, los motivos para jugar, la depresión, el afrontamiento del estrés, la conducta prosocial y la susceptibilidad al efecto marco; y se analizaron las correlaciones, regresiones lineales múltiples y un modelo de mediación simple. Los resultados indican por un lado que el 32.45% de la varianza de los problemas con el juego es explicada por los motivos de juego, mediando la cantidad máxima de dinero apostado esta relación; por otro lado, un modelo integrador que explica el 16.8% de los problemas de juego, no funciona en la adicción al alcohol. Los resultados aportan un nuevo modelo explicativo del juego problemático y recalcan la necesidad de que la intervención en estos problemas se desarrolle atendiendo a las características propias de esta adicción. Estos hallazgos resultan de relevancia en el campo de la salud por su aportación a los programas de prevención e intervención. (AU)

Despite the seriousness of problem gambling, its relationship with many factors has not yet been studied. This investigation sought, on the one hand, to verify the predictability of improvement over problem gambling, with irresponsible gambling being a mediator in this relationship. In addition, we sought to analyze whether predictors of problem gambling are related to problematic alcohol use. The sample consisted of 258 adults (59.5% women) with an average age of 20.95 years (SD = 2.19). Questionnaires were applied to measure gambling addiction, alcohol addiction, reasons for gambling, depression, coping with stress, prosocial behavior, and susceptibility to framing; and correlations, multiple linear regressions and a simple mediation model were analyzed. Results indicated on the one hand that 32.45% of variance in problem gambling is explained by reasons for gambling, with the maximum amount of money bet mediating this relation. On the other hand, an integrative model that explains 16.8% of problem gambling does not work for alcohol addiction. The results provide a new explanatory model of problem gambling and emphasize the need for interventions in problem gambling to be developed in accordance with the special characteristics of this addiction. These findings are relevant in the field of health psychology for their potential contribution to prevention and intervention programs. (AU)