Intervenciones de enfermería en la práctica social para la salud de la persona post-operada por lesión medular / Nursing interventions in social practice for the health of people post-operated by spinal injury

INTRODUCCIÓN: El profesional de enfermería colabora en la prestación de cuidado de la salud de personas que presentan invalidez congénita y adquirida. Las consecuencias asociadas a lesiones medulares no se derivan de la lesión en sí, sino de la falta de efectividad de los servicios de atención médica. OBJETIVO: Identificar intervenciones de enfermería en la práctica social para la salud de la persona posoperada por lesión medular. MÉTODO: Estudio cualitativo, abordaje descriptivo-exploratorio. Paciente posoperado por lesión medular, (Durango, México). Se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada en el año 2020, a través del análisis de discurso oral. RESULTADOS: Se evidenció, la presencia de barreras sociales, que coartan el pleno desarrollo y participación de la persona con discapacidad por lesión medular en su diario vivir con la familia, comunidad y sociedad. También la autonomía de la persona no sólo se coarta al hecho de realizar tareas o labores o participar con otras personas. Incluso engloba las capacidades de pensar, de decidir por ellos, decidiendo por sí solo y que estas decisiones sean respetadas por los demás. CONCLUSIONES: Se hace necesaria la contribución del profesional de enfermería en las Políticas Públicas en el ámbito local y del país donde se propongan y establezcan, estrategias acordes a la prestación de servicios: atención a la enfermedad, promoción, prevención y rehabilitación incluyéndolo en las actividades y servicios sociales; por otra parte las necesidades de las personas con discapacidades deben considerarse también en las políticas, programas y proyectos desarrollados a nivel local y nacional. Estas personas deben tener acceso a los servicios acostumbrados, sostenidos con servicios especializados para mejorar de esta manera la calidad de vida de la persona con discapacidad.

INTRODUCTION: The nursing professional collaborates in the provision of health care for people with congenital and acquired disabilities. The consequences associated with spinal cord injuries do not derive from the injury itself, but from the lack of effectiveness of medical care services. OBJECTIVE: To identify nursing interventions in social practice for the health of the post-operated person for spinal cord injury. Method: Qualitative study, descriptive-exploratory approach. Postoperative patient for spinal cord injury, (Durango, Mexico). The semi-structured interview was used in the year 2020, using oral discourse analysis. RESULTS: The presence of social barriers was evidenced, which restrict the full development and participation of the person with disabilities due to spinal cord injury in her daily life with the family, community and society. Also the autonomy of the person is not only limited to the fact of carrying out tasks or tasks or participating with other people. It even encompasses the ability to think, to decide for them, deciding for themselves and for these decisions to be respected by others. CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of the nursing professional is necessary in Public Policies at the local level and in the country where strategies according to the provision of services are proposed and established: care for illness, promotion, prevention and rehabilitation, including it in the activities and social services; on the other hand, the needs of people with disabilities must also be considered in the policies, programs and projects developed at the local and national levels. These people must have access to the usual services, supported by specialized services to improve the quality of life of the person with disabilities.

Association between Blood Lead Levels and Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase in Pregnant Women.

Blood lead levels (BLLs) and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity are considered biomarkers of lead exposure and lead toxicity, respectively. The present study was designed to investigate the association between BLLs and ALAD activity in pregnant women from Durango, Mexico. A total of 633 pregnant women aged 13-43 years participated in this study. Blood lead was measured by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. ALAD activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Mean blood lead was 2.09 ± 2.34 µg/dL; and 26 women (4.1%) crossed the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommended level of 5 µg/dL. ALAD activity was significantly lower in women with levels of lead ≥5 µg/dL compared to those with BLLs < 5 µg/dL (p = 0.002). To reduce the influence of extreme values on the statistical analysis, BLLs were analyzed by quartiles. A significant negative correlation between blood lead and ALAD activity was observed in the fourth quartile of BLLs (r = -0.113; p < 0.01). Among women with blood lead concentrations ≥2.2 µg/dL ALAD activity was negatively correlated with BLLs (r = -0.413; p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression demonstrated that inhibition of ALAD in pregnant women may occur at levels of lead in blood above 2.2 µg/dL.

The relationship between blood lead levels and occupational exposure in a pregnant population.

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women exposed to lead are at risk of suffering reproductive damages, such as miscarriage, preeclampsia, premature delivery and low birth weight. Despite that the workplace offers the greatest potential for lead exposure, there is relatively little information about occupational exposure to lead during pregnancy. This study aims to assess the association between blood lead levels and occupational exposure in pregnant women from Durango, Mexico. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a population of 299 pregnant women. Blood lead was measured in 31 women who worked in jobs where lead is used (exposed group) and 268 who did not work in those places (control group). Chi-square test was applied to compare exposed and control groups with regard to blood lead levels. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Multivariable regression analysis was applied to determine significant predictors of blood lead concentrations in the exposed group. RESULTS: Exposed women had higher blood lead levels than those in the control group (4.00 ± 4.08 µg/dL vs 2.65 ± 1.75 µg/dL, p = 0.002). Furthermore, women in the exposed group had 3.82 times higher probability of having blood lead levels ≥ 5 µg/dL than those in the control group. Wearing of special workwear, changing clothes after work, living near a painting store, printing office, junkyard or rubbish dump, and washing the workwear together with other clothes resulted as significant predictors of elevated blood lead levels in the exposed group. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant working women may be at risk of lead poisoning because of occupational and environmental exposure. The risk increases if they do not improve the use of protective equipment and their personal hygiene.

Propuesta de cuidado de enfermería domiciliario en personas mastectomizadas: adaptación – afrontamiento / Nursing care household proposal’s in mastectomized people: adaptation - coping

Introducción: Cáncer de mama una amenaza para la salud a nivel mundial que constituye ya una prioridad, el cuidado de enfermería a personas con esta afección es fundamental, su acompañamiento en el perioperatorio y recuperación en el domicilio apoya la disminución de complicaciones y la adaptación a su situación, siendo la mastectomía un proceso quirúrgico agresivo, acompañado de consecuencias traumáticas, que requiere estrategias de afrontamiento adecuadas. Objetivo: Diseñar un programa de cuidado de enfermería que promueva estrategias de afrontamiento favoreciendo la adaptación y disminución de complicaciones. Materiales y Métodos: Se realiza estudio previo identificando prevalencia de diagnósticos de enfermería en mujeres mastectomizadas, se revisan y analizan planes de cuidado publicados en literatura nacional e internacional, se identifican los modos de adaptación afectados según los diagnósticos presentados, para concluir con la propuesta de cuidado domiciliario con apoyo de tipología de problemas de adaptación y taxonomía para enfermería. Resultados: Edades prevalecientes 20 a 45 años y de 45 a 60, 76% casadas, 81% sin impedimento para el cuidado en casa, la prevalencia de diagnósticos de enfermería en dos instituciones de salud es similar variando en sus frecuencias, los diagnósticos identificados frecuentemente son contemplados en los planes de cuidados publicados, Se distinguen alteración en los cuatro modos de adaptación, con base en la información se conforma el algoritmo de actuación como propuesta de programa de cuidado domiciliario. Discusión y Conclusiones: La elaboración de estudios exploratorios y el análisis lógico deductivo, permite una aproximación al fenómeno de estudio, y apoya la realización de programas de cuidados multidisciplinario.

Introduction: Breast cancer a threat to global health that is already a priority nursing care for people with this condition is essential, accompaniment in the perioperative and recovery at home supports the reduction of complications and adaptation their situation, being the aggressive surgical procedure mastectomy, accompanied by other traumatic, requiring appropriate coping strategies. Objective: To design a program of nursing care that promotes coping strategies favoring adaptation and reduced complications. Materials and Methods: We performed preliminary study identifying prevalence of nursing diagnoses in women with mastectomies, are reviewed and discussed care plans published in national and international literature, we identify the modes of adaptation affected by the diagnoses presented, concluding with the proposed home care supported by type of adjustment problems and taxonomy for nursing. Results: Age prevailing 20 to 45 years and 45 to 60, 76% married, 81% no impediment to home care, the prevalence of nursing diagnoses in two health institutions is similar varying frequencies, commonly identified diagnoses are listed in the care plans published alteration are distinguished in the four modes of adaptation, based on the information conforms algorithm performance as a proposed program of home care. Discussions and Conclusions: The development of exploratory and logical deductive analysis, an approach allows the phenomenon of study, and supports the implementation of multidisciplinary care programs.

Salud mental y etudiantes de enfermería / Mental health and nursing students

Los autores aplicaron un cuestionario diseñado por ellos, en forma de encuesta anónima a 250 estudiantes de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad Juárez del estado de Durango. El custionario investigó tres tipos de problemas específicos: de personalidad, de sexualidad y sobre farmacodependencia. El panorama general de la investigación, revela una población escolar sana en las áreas estudiadas, sin desconocer la existencia de problemas de los tipos antes señalados, que fueron detectados en individuos aislados. Comparando los resultados de esta investigación con los realizados en otros lugares, es notable la gran incidencia de estos problemas informados en esos estudios y que contrastan notablemente con los resultados obtenidos aquí(AU)