Estimation of Incubation Period of Mpox during 2022 Outbreak in Pereira, Colombia.

We estimated the incubation period for mpox during an outbreak in Pereira, Colombia, using data from 11 confirmed cases. Mean incubation period was 7.1 (95% CI 4.9-9.9) days, consistent with previous outbreaks. Accurately estimating the incubation period provides insights into transmission dynamics, informing public health interventions and surveillance strategies.

Estimación del intervalo serial y número reproductivo básico para los casos importados de COVID-19 / Estimation of serial interval and basic reproductive number for imported cases of COVID-19

RESUMEN Objetivo Estimar el intervalo serial y el número básico de reproducción de COVID-19 entre casos importados durante la fase de contención en Pereira, Colombia, 2020. Método Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo para determinar algunos aspectos de la dinámica de transmisión de la COVID-19. Se utilizaron las entrevistas epidemiológicas de campo en los que se incluyeron 12 casos confirmados por laboratorio con PCR-RT para SARS-CoV-2 importados y sus correspondientes casos secundarios confirmados, entre los que estaban contactos familiares y sociales. Resultados Los intervalos seriales en la COVID-19 se ajustan a una distribución Gamma, con una media del intervalo serial de 3,8 días (± 2,7) y un R0 de 1,7 (IC 95% 1,06-2,7) inferior a lo encontrado en otras poblaciones con inicio del brote. Conclusiones Un intervalo serial inferior al periodo de incubación como el que se estimó en este estudio sugiere un periodo de transmisión presintomático que, según otras investigaciones, alcanza un pico promedio a los 3,8 días, hecho que sugiere que durante la investigación epidemiológica de campo la búsqueda de contactos estrechos se realice desde al menos 2 días antes del inicio de síntomas del caso inicial.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the serial interval and the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 between imported cases during the containment phase in Pereira-Colombia, 2020. Method A quantitative study was carried out to determine the transmission dynamics for COVID-19. Field epidemiological data were used, which included 12 laboratory-confirmed cases with RT-PCR for imported SARS-CoV-2 and their corresponding confirmed secondary cases, including family and social contacts. Results The serial intervals in COVID-19 fit a Gamma distribution, with a mean of the serial interval of 3.8 days (2.7) and an R0 of 1.7 (95% CI 1.06-2.7) lower than that found in other populations with onset of the outbreak. Conclusions A serial interval lower than the incubation period such as that estimated in this study, suggests a presymptomatic transmission period that according to other investigations reaches an average peak at 3.8 days, suggesting that during the field epidemiological investigation the search for contacts Narrowing is performed from at least 2 days before the onset of symptoms of the initial case.(AU)

[Estimation of serial interval and basic reproductive number for imported cases of COVID-19]. / Estimación del intervalo serial y número reproductivo básico para los casos importados de COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the serial interval and the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 between imported cases during the containment phase in Pereira-Colombia, 2020. METHOD: A quantitative study was carried out to determine the transmission dynamics for COVID-19. Field epidemiological data were used, which included 12 laboratory-confirmed cases with RT-PCR for imported SARS-CoV-2 and their corresponding confirmed secondary cases, including family and social contacts. RESULTS: The serial intervals in COVID-19 fit a Gamma distribution, with a mean of the serial interval of 3.8 days (2.7) and an R0 of 1.7 (95% CI 1.06-2.7) lower than that found in other populations with onset of the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: A serial interval lower than the incubation period such as that estimated in this study, suggests a presymptomatic transmission period that according to other investigations reaches an average peak at 3.8 days, suggesting that during the field epidemiological investigation the search for contacts Narrowing is performed from at least 2 days before the onset of symptoms of the initial case.

Trastornos de la densidad mineral ósea en personas con VIH en tratamiento antirretroviral Pereira-Risaralda-Colombia / Disorders of bone mineral density in patients with HIV on antiretroviral treatment-Colombia Risaralda Pereira

Objetivo: La osteoporosis es común en las personas con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). La etiología es multifactorial, involucrando factores de riesgo tradicionales, efectos directos de la infección por el VIH y efectos de los medicamentos antiretrovirales (ARV). Las nuevas evidencias sugieren que el aumento de la prevalencia de la osteoporosis en las personas infectadas por el VIH se traduce en un mayor riesgo de fractura que puede conducir al aumento de morbilidad y mortalidad. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 180 pacientes, que permitió conocer los trastornos de baja masa ósea que presentaban los pacientes estudiados que recibían terapia ARV. Para la medición se usó el método DXA (Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry) de columna lumbar y cuello femoral y para la clasificación los criterios de la OMS . Resultados: Se evaluaron 180 pacientes, 76,5% fueron hombres, con un promedio de edad de 41± 11,27 años. Resultaron normales 72,6%, Osteopenia 20,6% y osteoporosis en el 20,6% y osteoporosis en el 6,7%. El análisis multivariado mostró una asociación significativa importante de la Nevirapina frente a la disminución de la masa ósea (OR 0,10 IC95% 0,01 - 0,8). La combinación Tenofovir / Emtricitabina mostró una frecuencia más alta entre pacientes con disminución de la masa ósea (ORa 3.664 IC95% 1.2 - 11.0) . Conclusiones: Se hace necesario realizar tamizaje DXA a los pacientes que reciben TAR, para realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano y evitar complicaciones óseas que alteren la calidad de vida de las personas con VIH.

Objective: Osteoporosis is common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The etiology is multifactorial, involving traditional risk factors, direct effects of HIV infection and effects of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). New evidence suggests that the increased prevalence of osteoporosis in people with HIV results in an increased risk of fracture that can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken of 180 patients, which allowed us to see the low bone mass disorders in patients of the study who were receiving ARV therapy. Measurements of lumber spine and femoral neck were made using the DXA (Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry) method and for the classification, criteria of the WHO were used. Results: 180 patients were evaluated. 76.5% were men, with an average age of 41 +-11.27 years. 72.6% were normal, 20.6% had osteopenia and 6.7% osteoporosis. The multivariate analysis showed an important significant association of Nevirapine with the decreased bone mass (ORa 0.10 IC95% 0.01 - 0.8). The combination of Tenofovir / Emtricitabine showed a higher frequency among patients with low bone mass (ORa 3,664 IC95% 1.2 - 11.0). Conclusions: DXA screening is necessary for patients receiving TAR, in order to make a diagnosis, give early treatment and prevent bone complications that affect the quality of life of people with HIV.

Validation of the chronic respiratory questionnaire in the Colombian population with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity and reliability of the chronic respiratory questionnaire (CRQ) in the measurement of HRQL in the Colombian population with COPD. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 200 patients diagnosed with COPD according to GOLD criteria. Convergence validity was evaluated by correlating the questionnaire results with other clinical variables such as exercise tolerance, forced expiratory volume at the first second (FEV1), and depression levels. RESULTS: HRQL measured through the CRQ correlated significantly with the 6-min walk test (r = 0.34), just as the dimensions fatigue (r = 0.37) and dyspnoea correlated with the FEV1 test (r = 0.21) and the dimensions emotional function and disease management with depression levels (r = -0.79). The Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) with the prespecified model is showed, and the total variance explained by the items in the model was 61.5 % (FIT = 0.615), unweighted least squares (GFI = 0.998), and standardised root mean square (SRMR = 0.084), indicating that the model fits adequately. CONCLUSION: The CRQ presents evidence of adequate validity and reliability in the Colombian population. Its use is recommended to measure HRQL in patients with COPD, although future validations will be needed to identify the property of sensitivity to change.