Drone routing problem model for last-mile delivery using the public transportation capacity as moving charging stations.

The fast and cost-efficient delivery of goods ordered online is logistically a challenging problem. Many firms are looking for ways to cut delivery times and costs by exploring opportunities to take advantage of drone technology. Deploying drones as a promising technology is more efficient from both environmental and economic perspectives in last-mile delivery. This paper considers a last-mile delivery system in which a set of drones are operated in coordination with public transportation system to deliver a set of orders to customer locations. A mathematical model based on Vehicle routing Problem (VRP) is extended to solve this problem. A real-world case inspired by Bremen 2025 transportation paradigm is also developed to validate the developed mathematical formulation. Results show that the sequence of visiting customers and public transport stations highly impacts the remaining charge and efficiency of drone tour planning. Also, using public transport vehicles, which enables drones to charge their battery or to approach customers, can reduce the number of drones required for satisfying the demands in a service area. The results show that there are high potentials to save energy for drone-enabled last-mile delivery by using the public transportation network.

Determining the effective factors on developing entrepreneurial managers in the Iranian health system: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Entrepreneurship is the engine of economic growth and a main symbol of innovation in any country. The health system of the country needs entrepreneur managers to eradicate the problems and provide better services. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the nurturing of entrepreneurial managers in the Iran's health system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out qualitatively with the grounded theory method and through semi-structured interviews with six questions. The data sources were 22 key informants who were purposefully selected from healthcare organizations and other entrepreneurship-related institutions. Data were analyzed and interpreted using the framework analysis. Data were managed and analyzed using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: Findings of this study indicated 6 main themes and 46 subthemes. The six factors affecting the development of entrepreneurial managers in the Iran's health system were determined as individual, family, social, economic, organizational, and educational. CONCLUSION: Iranian health organizations need to nurture entrepreneurial managers to tackle the challenges of the health system, compete internationally, and have successful performance. Hence, delivering the health industry to entrepreneurial managers in the long run will bring back positive results of growth and development to the body of the health system. Therefore, paying attention to the identified themes and subthemes and the solutions presented in this study can help nurture entrepreneurial managers' and successful performance of the Iran's health sector.

Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on hospital management indicators: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Results of previous studies about the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on hospital management indicators (HMIs) (length of stay [LOS], readmission to hospital, parent satisfaction, and parent's preference for same postdelivery care) had high confusions. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effect of KMC on HMI in comparison with the conventional neonatal care (CNC). In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, required data were collected by searching the following keywords: "length of stay," "readmission to hospital," satisfaction," same post-delivery," "hospital management," indicators, "skin-to-skin," "Kangaroo Mother Care," randomized trial. The following databases were searched: Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane. To estimate the hospital management indicators, computer software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2 was used. Finally, 18 articles were included to analysis. The overall LOS standard different between groups (KMC vs. CNC) was - 0.91 days (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.14-0.32, Q = 25.6, df = 10, P = 0.004, I 2 = 60.98). The overall readmission to hospital standard different between groups was - 1.78% (95% CI, -1.21%-0.86%, Q = 0.024, df = 1, P = 0.87, I 2 = 0.00). The overall parent satisfaction standard different between groups was 5.3% (95% CI, -32.4%-43%, Q = 0.052, df = 2, P = 0.97, I 2 = 0.00). The overall standard different between groups was 16.2% (95% CI, -24.7%-57.1%, Q = 0.040, df = 1, P = 0.84, I 2 = 0.00). KMC improves HMI but not significantly. According to the current study result and other studies that report positive effect of KMC on health status of the newborns and parents, implemented of KMC in low- and middle-income countries recommended.