Prevalence of Surgical Site Infection After Hip Arthroplasty; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: One of the worrisome complications of hip arthroplasty is surgical site infection (SSI). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SSI after hip arthroplasty. Methods: A comprehensive and systematic exploration was conducted across various international electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, alongside Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and the Scientific Information Database (SID). This search strategy entailed the utilization of Medical Subject Headings-derived keywords such as "Prevalence," "Surgical wound infection," "Surgical site infection," and "Arthroplasty," spanning from the earliest records up to January 1, 2024. Each study's weight was assigned based on its inverse variance. A forest plot visualization was used to assess the studies' heterogeneity. Data on sample size and SSI frequency were compiled for each study to calculate the overall effect size. Results: The study encompassed a cumulative participant cohort of 1,070,638 hip arthroplasty procedures drawn from seventeen selected studies. Notably, the female gender constituted 59.10% of the overall participant demographic. The aggregate SSI among patients undergoing hip arthroplasty was estimated to be 1.9% (95% CI: 1.3% to 2.8%; I2=99.688%; P<0.001). The results of the meta-regression analysis unveiled a statistically significant correlation between the prevalence of SSIs after hip arthroplasty and the year of publication (Coefficient=-0.0020; 95% CI: -0.0021 to -0.0018; Z=-19.39, P<0.001). Conclusion: The study findings indicated a prevalence rate of 1.9% for SSI following hip arthroplasty. This prevalence underscores the importance of vigilance in infection prevention and management strategies within orthopedic surgery. However, it is essential to acknowledge the variability in SSI prevalence observed across diverse studies, which can be attributed to multifaceted factors, notably variances in patient populations and associated risk factors.

Chemical burn wounds as a risk factor for gastric cancer: in-silico analyses-experimental research.

Introduction: The present study employs bioinformatics tools to identify shared upregulated genes between chemical burns and gastric cancer. Methods: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) retrieved gene sets for this investigation. GSEs with P value less than 0.05 and LOG fold change (FC) greater than 1 were valid and upregulated. Gastric cancer and chemical burn common elevated genes were found using Venn diagram online tools. In the second stage, the "string" visualized gastric cancer elevated genes network, and non-coding RNAs were deleted, and "interaction" greater than 1 was examined to choose important gene nodes. Next, they explored the String gene-interaction network for common genes. To determine the most interacting genes, Gephi (V 0.9.7) used "betweenness centrality" greater than "0" to evaluate the twenty-gene network. TISIDB and drug banks provide gene-related medications. Results: In the present study, two genes, including ALOX5AP and SERPINB2, were obtained, with the highest centrality among chemical burns and gastric cancer shared genes. Additionally, the current study presented five drugs, including Urokinase, Tenecteplase, DG031, AM103, and Fiboflapon, which can have predicted effects on gastric cancer following chemical burns. Conclusion: According to current in-silicon analyses, ALOX5AP and SERPINB2 are linked genetic keys between gastric chemical burn and cancer. Considering that burn is an environmental factor that leads to the upregulation of the two genes thus, the chemical burn can be related to the incidence of gastric cancer.

Esophageal chemical burns as a risk factor for esophageal malignancies: in-silico analyses - experimental research.

Introduction: Esophageal chemical burns often occur through accidental or intentional oral consumption of chemical agents and lead to severe complications such as esophageal stricture, acute perforation, and even death. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a squamous epithelium tumor that lines the normal esophagus. Additionally, adenocarcinomas are tumors located at the interface between the distal esophagus and the proximal gastric and divided into esophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric-cardia adenocarcinoma. Various conditions, such as chemical burns, are considered risk factors in the disease's pathogenesis. In the in-silico study, the authors aim to present the relationship between chemical burns and esophageal cancer by analyzing bioinformatics genetic data. Methods: The proper gene set was extracted using the 'GEO' database. The string web tool was utilized to form the gene-interaction network. Gephi and Cytoscape software were applied to achieve network analysis. Results: According to in-silico data, 26 genes, including NCAPH, DLGAP5, CCNB1, KIF11, KIAA0101, CDCA5, BIRC5, NUF2, BUB1B, RRM2, TTK, CDC20, NUSAP1, CCNB2, CCNA2, MELK, TPX2, PRC1, KIF4A, CENPF, TOP2A, CDK1, ASPM, CEP55, BUB1, KIF20A were extracted that can be regarded as the most critical shared genes between chemical burns and esophageal cancer. Conclusion: In sum, esophageal chemical burns can be related to the occurrence of esophageal cancer. Moreover, esophageal chemical burn is an external factor that upregulates present genes and can be regarded as a worsening prognosis or risk factor for esophageal cancer.

Complement protein expression changes in various conditions of breast cancer: in-silico analyses-experimental research.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer diagnosed in females worldwide. The known biomarkers are insufficient to understand the actual prognosis of breast cancer, and identifying new biomarkers is desirable and valuable data to improve the patient's survival. Many inflammatory biomarkers, such as the complement system, can be regarded as prognostic values and as potent inflammatory mediators; complement proteins have a critical role in tumorigenesis. In the current study, the authors aim to investigate complement protein expression changes, particularly complement 3 (C3), complement 7 (C7), complement factor B (CFB), and complement factor D (CFD), in various conditions of breast cancer using in-silico tools. Methods: The intent data were extracted using webtools, including; Kaplan-Meier plotter, BcGenExMiner, UALCAN, cbioportal, GeneMania, and Enrichr. To select valid data, a P greater than 0.05 was considered. Results: The current study clarified that 21 complement genes correlated to survival conditions. Also, down or upregulation of extracted genes and breast cancer statuses were identified. Additionally, expression level difference of complement genes in various breast cancer four stages was detected. Ultimately, co-expression genes with complement genes were extracted and networked. Conclusion: Changes in the expression of complement proteins can strongly correlate to breast cancer's prognosis, status, and survival. Furthermore, considering the vital role of CFD and CFB complement proteins in the alternative pathway in different stages of breast cancer, CFD and CFB can be regarded as reliable prognostic values for diagnosis.

Psychometric Assessment of the Farsi Version of Perceived Barriers to Healthcare-Seeking Decision in Iranian Cardiovascular Patients.

Background and Purpose: This study was undertaken to assess the psychometric properties of the Perceived Barriers to Healthcare-Seeking Decision (PBHSD) scale in Iranian patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods: In this methodological study conducted from February to June 2022, 255 patients with ACS completed the Farsi version of the PBHSD scale. The study focused on evaluating the face, content, and construct validity of this scale. Additionally, reliability was assessed through measures of internal consistency, including Cronbach's alpha (α) and McDonald's omega, and stability through test-retest analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients in the study was 47.12 (SD = 17.25). Construct validity analysis revealed a single independent factor with an eigenvalue greater than 1, explaining 61.23% of the extracted variance. Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficient were both greater than 0.70 that proved validity of the PBHSD scale. Conclusions: The study's findings indicate that the Farsi version of the PBHSD is both valid and reliable. Consequently, it can be effective to assess and evaluate healthcare-seeking decisions in Iranian patients with ACS.

Prediction of immune molecules activity during burn wound healing among elderly patients: in-silico analyses: experimental research.

Introduction: Burn injuries lead to dysregulation of immune molecules, impacting cellular and humoral immune pathways. This study aims to determine the prediction of immune molecule activity during burn wound healing among elderly patients. Methods: The current study utilized the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to extract the proper gene set. Also, the literature review was conducted in the present study to find immune signatures. The study used the "enrich r" website to identify the biological functions of extracted genes. The critical gene modules related to mortality were identified using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) R package. Results: The appreciated GSE was extracted. According to the data, the most upregulated signatures were related to natural killer (NK) cells, and the most downregulated signatures were associated with M1 macrophages. Also, the results of WGCNA have shown that the most related gene modules (P<107 and score 0.17) to mortality were investigated, and the modules 100 first genes were extracted. Additionally, the enrich r analysis has demonstrated related pathways, including the immune process, including regulation of histamine secreted from mast cell (P<0.05), T helper 17 cell differentiation (P<0.05), and autophagy (P<0.05) were obtained. Finally, by network analysis, the critical gene "B3GNT5" were obtained (degree>ten and "betweenness and centrality">30 were considered). Conclusion: The study identified significant changes in macrophage and NK cell expression patterns post-burn injury, linking them to potential improvements in clinical outcomes and wound healing. The gene B3GNT5, associated with mortality, was highlighted as a key marker for prognostic evaluation.

A validity and reliability evaluation of fear of progression questionnaire in Iranian breast cancer patients: A methodological study.

Background and Aims: Recognizing the ability to adapt coping mechanisms in response to the unique issues present in various Iranian societies underscores the importance of considering culture and religion when interacting with diverse groups of individuals. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the fear of progression questionnaire-short form (FoP-Q-SF) in Iranian breast cancer patients. Methods: In this methodological cross-sectional research design, 400 Iranian breast cancer patients completed the FoP-Q-SF in 2023. We assessed the characteristics, content, and both exploratory and confirmatory construct validity of the measures. To evaluate the reliability and construct validity of the FoP-Q-SF, we calculated Cronbach's α, McDonald's omega, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. Results: The average age of the patients was 49.18 (standard deviation = 16.14) years. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed that a single-factor structure, specifically the self-efficacy scale, accounted for 65.045% of the total variance. The findings from the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a satisfactory model fit. The reliability analysis indicated that the internal consistency and stability of the measures were acceptable. Conclusion: The short Persian version of the FoP-Q-SF exhibits satisfactory validity and reliability. Thus, we recommend using this questionnaire to assess the fear of disease progression among breast cancer patients in Iran.

Physical independence and related factors among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Adopting a physically active lifestyle is advocated as a strategy to prevent loss of physical independence and support healthy aging. This study aimed to evaluate the physical independence and related factors among older adults. Materials and methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted through electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database from the earliest to 1 April 2022. Two researchers independently extracted information from the studies and evaluated the quality of the studies. The analysis was conducted using CMA program version 3, and each study's importance was determined based on its inverse variance. Results: Five thousand seven hundred thirty-three older adults participated in this review in six studies. All evaluated studies had high quality. The mean score of physical independence in older adults was 20.07 (SE=0.76) out of 24 (95% CI: 18.58-21.56; I2 =98.573%; P<0.001). Physical activity is very important for physical independence and reduces the risk of physical dependence in older adults. Other factors, such as sex, BMI, age, abnormal performance, timed performance, sufficiently active, muscle function, handgrip strength, lower extremity function, lower body strength, maximal isometric knee extension power, lung function, aerobic endurance, sedentary time, agility, and the prevalence of arthritis, had a significant relationship with physical independence in older adults. Conclusion: Older adults demonstrate favourable levels of physical independence. Notably, physical activity emerges as a significant determinant positively associated with such independence. Thus, policymakers and administrators are encouraged to strategize the creation of conducive environments for walking and exercise among older adults.

Exploring the concept and management strategies of caring stress among clinical nurses: a scoping review.

Objective: The concept of caring stress and its specific management has received less attention than other dimensions of stress in nurses. Therefore, to clarify the concept of caring stress, a scoping review study was designed. This scoping review aimed to investigate the concept of caring stress among clinical nurses and examine the strategies used for its management. Methods: This review employed a scoping review methodology to comprehensively map the essential concepts and attributes of the phenomenon by drawing on a wide range of sources. International databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database (SID) were searched to gather relevant studies published until October 1, 2023. MESH terms included "caring stress", "care", "stress", "nurse", and "stress management" were used. Two reviewers independently collected data from full-text papers, ensuring that each paper underwent assessment by at least two reviewers. Results: Out of 104,094 articles initially searched, 22 articles were included in this study. High workloads, transmitting the infection, stressful thoughts, stressful emotions, and stressful communications were the significant concepts and factors of caring stress among nurses. Also, rest breaks during patient care shifts, playing music in the ward, and denial of critical situations were examples of positive and negative coping and management ways to reduce caring stress. Conclusion: Effective stress management strategies can lead to better patient care and safety. Stressed nurses are more likely to make errors or become less vigilant in their duties, impacting patient outcomes. By addressing caring stress, clinical practice can prioritize patient well-being. Further research is required to delve deeper into this critical issue concerning nurses in the future.

Factor Structure and Reliability of the Persian Version of Body Esteem Scale Among Iranian Adults: Exploratory Graph Analysis Approach.

Background and Purpose: The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Mendelson and White Body Esteem Scale in Iranian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study design was used and carried out in 2023. Following the inclusion criteria, 500 adults were gathered from Tehran (Tehran, Iran) with an accessible sampling method. After translation of Body Esteem Scale to Persian language, construct validity (with factor analysis and exploratory graph analysis) and reliability were assessed. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.66 (standard deviation = 7.40) years. The results of Maximum Likelihood Exploratory Factor Analysis (MLEFA) with Promax with Kaiser normalization rotation extracted three factors accounting for 43.4% of the variance comprising 21 items. Also, after necessary modifications during confirmatory factor analysis, the final model was approved. As for construct reliability, the Cronbach's alpha, Composite Reliability, and Maximal Reliability for all constructs were greater than 0.7, demonstrating good internal consistency and construct reliability. Conclusions: According to results, the Persian version of Body Esteem Scale has a valid structure and acceptable reliability. This scale can be used by health professionals in many ways.

The Relationship between Religious Well-Being, Existential Well-Being, Fear of Progression and Quality of Life in Patients with Cancer: The Mediating Role of Hope.

BACKGROUND: A cancer diagnosis can be psychologically challenging to individuals due to perceptions that the disease is potentially incurable truncating life expectancy. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships among religious well-being, existential well-being, fear of progression and quality of life in Iranian patients with cancer and to evaluate the potential mediating role of hope on these relationships. METHODS: This study with predictive cross-sectional design was done in 2023. Data was gathered from 398 patients with cancer that was selected with accessible sampling method from cancer center of Mazandaran university of medical sciences (Sari, Iran). Study constructs included the religious and existential wellbeing, cancer fear of progression, Snyder Hope, and quality of life. Analysis of a Moment Structures (AMOS) software (v27) was utilized for all study analyses. Covariance based-structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess the mediating role of hope. RESULTS: The mean age of patients with cancer was 49.14 (SD = 16.16). The results of the direct effect showed a significant positive relationship between religious well-being and hope (B = 0.164, p < .001), and between hope and quality of life (B = 0.212, p < 0.001). Also, significant negative relationship between fear of progression and hope (B = -0.147, p < 0.05) was founded. CONCLUSION: A significant positive relationship between hope and quality of life, as well as religious well-being and hope, suggests the influential effects of hope and religious well-being on improving quality of life in patients with cancer. Negative relationships between fear of progression and hope conclude that managing fear of progression may be an important factor in increasing hope and improving quality of life in patients with cancer.

Prevalence of anxiety and its risk factors in burn patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to ascertain the prevalence of anxiety and identify associated risk factors among individuals who have suffered burn injuries. We conducted a thorough and systematic search across various international electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science, as well as Persian electronic databases like Iranmedex and the scientific information database (SID). Our search encompassed the period from the earliest available records up to 8 August 2023. We employed keywords derived from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) such as "Prevalence", "Anxiety" and "Burns". In total, 2586 burn patients participated in 13 cross-sectional studies. The mean age of the participants was 32.88 (SD = 2.51). In a compilation of 13 studies, the documented overall occurrence rate of anxiety among burn patients stood at 16.1% (95% CI: 10.0% to 24.7%; I2 = 93.138%; p < 0.001). The outcomes of a meta-regression analysis, which examined the association between anxiety in burn patients and the year of publication, did not uncover any significant correlation (p = 0.442). Furthermore, there was a notable association between anxiety in burn patients and factors such as gender, TBSA affected, educational level and the types of burn injuries. Therefore, healthcare providers need to recognize the substantial prevalence of anxiety in burn patients as a fundamental consideration. This recognition should prompt a proactive approach toward early detection and timely intervention. Developing personalized intervention strategies tailored to each patient's unique risk factors and needs is paramount. These strategies may encompass a range of therapeutic options such as counselling, psychotherapy or consultations with mental health specialists.

Beyond the burn: An observational study of cardiovascular risk in burn survivors in the north of Iran.

Burn survivors experience profound physiological changes following injury, which may have lasting implications for cardiovascular health. This study aims to investigate the cardiovascular risk profile among burn survivors treated at a burn center in northern Iran. This observational study was conducted from 2022 to 2023 at the burn centre affiliated with Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. This study assessed a cohort study of 210 burn survivors, focusing on individuals with ≥20% TBSA burn injuries who had recovered and returned to their daily lives. This study assessed patients' lipid profiles, Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score (FGCRS) and risk factors, including demographics, clinical variables and physical activity. Statistical analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean age was 49.23 years, and the mean TBSA burned was 37.06%. The risk of cardiovascular disease in 66% of the study population was less than 10%, and in 13%, it was more than 20%. Significant associations were identified between CVD risk and sex, diabetes, hypertension, BMI, TBSA burned, years after burn, physical activity level and LDL. Of the lipid profile measures, LDL, triglycerides and TC/HDL exceeded the desirable levels. This research highlights the heightened cardiovascular risk in burn survivors, emphasizing the necessity for targeted interventions and regular monitoring. Identifying modifiable risk factors enables healthcare practitioners to develop tailored strategies, enhancing cardiovascular health in this vulnerable population and improving overall outcomes and quality of life.

Prevalence of surgical site infection and risk factors in patients after knee surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of surgical site infection (SSI) and risk factors in patients after knee surgery. A comprehensive and systematic search was carried out across various international electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science, as well as Persian electronic databases like Iranmedex and the Scientific Information Database (SID). This search involved the utilization of keywords derived from Medical Subject Headings, such as 'Prevalence', 'Surgical wound infection', 'Surgical site infection' and 'Orthopaedics', spanning from the earliest records up to 1 October 2023. To assess the quality of the included studies, the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS tool) was utilized. The study encompassed a combined participant pool of 11 028 individuals who underwent knee surgery across seven selected studies. The collective prevalence of SSI in patients who underwent knee surgery, as reported in the seven included studies, was determined to be 3.0% (95% CI: 1.2% to 7.5%; I2 = 96.612%; p < 0.001). The combined prevalence of SSI in patients with DM, as reported in six studies, was 5.1% (95% CI: 1.7% to 14.5%; I2 = 79.054%; p < 0.001). Similarly, the pooled prevalence of SSI in patients with HTN, drawn from four studies, was 1.8% (95% CI: 0.7% to 4.5%; I2 = 63.996%; p = 0.040). Additionally, the collective prevalence of SSI in patients with a history of tobacco use, based on findings from six studies, was 4.8% (95% CI: 1.4% to 15.2%; I2 = 93.358%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis was conducted within six studies, categorizing them by two countries, namely China and the USA. These analyses revealed that the prevalence of SSI following knee surgery was 3.0% in China and 2.0% in the USA. It is noteworthy that variations in SSI prevalence across different studies may be attributed to a multitude of factors, particularly varying risk factors among patient populations. To address this issue and mitigate the impact of SSI on knee surgery patients, it is advisable to develop tailored interventions.