Low doses of bovine somatotropin enhance conceptus development and fertility in lactating dairy cows.

Objectives were to evaluate the effects of administering either one or two low doses of slow-release recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) on hormone concentrations, conceptus development, and fertility in dairy cows. Cows from two farms were detected in estrus on or after 50 days postpartum (n = 1483), inseminated, and enrolled in the study (Day 0). Within farm, cows were blocked by parity and assigned randomly to receive a single placebo injection at insemination (control), a single injection with 325 mg of bST at insemination (S-bST), or two injections with 325 mg of bST administered on Days 0 and 14 (T-bST). From a subset of cows, blood was collected twice weekly from Day 0 to 42 for determination of hormone concentrations and on Day 19 for isolation of leucocytes and analysis of transcript abundance of selected interferon-stimulated genes. Pregnancy was diagnosed on Days 31 and 66, and ultrasonographic morphometry of the conceptus was performed on Days 34 and 48 in a subset of cows. Cows that received T-bST had increased plasma concentrations of GH and IGF1 for 4 wk, increased mRNA expression of ISG15 and RTP4 in leukocytes, earlier rise in the pregnancy-specific protein B in plasma of pregnant cows, increased conceptus size, and enhanced fertility. Cows that received S-bST had increased concentrations of GH and IGF1 for only 2 wk and it was insufficient to alter conceptus development and fertility. In conclusion, supplementation with low doses of bST during the pre- and peri-implantation periods enhanced conceptus development, reduced embryonic losses, and improved fertility in dairy cows.

Effect of medroxy-progesterone acetate on follicular growth and endometrial cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression during the bovine estrous cycle / Efeito do acetato de medroxi-progesterona sobre o crescimento filicular e expressão endometrial de ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) durante o ciclo estral de bovinos

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of medroxy-progesterone acetate (MAP) with or without estradiol benzoate (EB) on follicular growth during the estrous cycle in cattle. In the first experiment, Hereford cows were synchronized with a synthetic analogue of PGF2 alpha and were treated with two different doses of MAP (250 or 500 mg) with or without EB for 7 days starting on day 8 of the estrous cycle. Follicular growth was inhibited (P<0.05) in all cows except controls and those receiving 250mg MAP without EB. Seventy-five percent of the animals (15/20) showed estrus on days 21 and 22 of the cycle rather than at MAP withdrawal, demonstrating that these treatments did not induce estrus. To determine whether the EB treatment altered endometrial sensitivity to oxytocin and thus the luteolytic cascade, multiparous pre-synchronized cows received 5 mg of EB followed 6 hours later with 50 IU of oxytocin (OT; n=9). Eight hours after EB injection, endometrial fragments were collected from the cows on days 4, 13 and 17 of the estrous cycle and COX-2 gene expression was measured by PCR. EB increased COX-2 mRNA levels only on day 17 of the estrous cycle (P<0.05). In conclusion, MAP alone or associated with EB is able to suppress bovine follicular growth. However, EB in the presence of MAP is not efficient to induce luteolysis in cows when injected on day 8 of the estrous cycle.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do acetato de medroxi-progesterona (MAP) com ou sem benzoato de estradiol (BE) sobre o crescimento folicular durante o ciclo estral bovino. No primeiro experimento, vacas da raça Hereford foram sincronizadas com um análogo sintético de PGF2á e tratadas com duas doses diferentes de MAP (250 ou 500mg), com ou sem EB, durante 7 dias, iniciando-se no oitavo dia do ciclo estral. Observou-se uma inibição do crescimento folicular (P<0,05) em todas as vacas, exceto no grupo controle e no grupo que recebeu 250mg de MAP sem BE. Os 75 por cento dos animais não exibiu estro no momento da remoção do MAP, mas sim nos dias 21 e 22 do ciclo, demonstrando que os tratamentos não induziram cio. Para se determinar se o tratamento com BE alterou a sensibilidade endometrial à ocitocina e, assim, a cascata luteolítica, vacas multíparas pré-sincronizadas receberam 5mg de BE, seguidos, após 6 horas, de 50 UI de ocitocina (OT; n=9). Oito horas após a administração de BE, colheram-se fragmentos endometriais das vacas, nos dias 4, 13 e 17 do ciclo estral, mensurando-se a expressão gênica de COX-2 através de PCR. O BE aumentou os níveis de RNAm de COX-2 apenas no dia 17 do ciclo estral (P<0,05). Em conclusão, o MAP isolado ou associado a BE é capaz de suprimir o crescimento folicular bovino. Entretanto, o BE, na presença de MAP é ineficaz na indução da luteólise bovina, quando injetado no oitavo dia do ciclo estral.