Preceptor's perceptions about the teaching-learning process and collaborative practices in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the perceptions of preceptors about the teaching-learning process, as well as the strengths and weaknesses to implement collaborative practices in Primary Health Care. METHOD: Qualitative study carried out between October and December 2019 with 96 preceptors (surgeons- dentists, nurses and doctors) of the Family Health Strategy. Data were collected with the use of a questionnaire and submitted to Content Analysis, using the Maxqda-2020 software. RESULTS: Three categories were highlighted: 1. A new know-how needs to be taught to those who teach, 2. teaching and assisting in the preceptorship process and 3. person-centered approach: paradigm for collaborative work reveal difficulties and tensions in the preceptor work and collaborative practices. CONCLUSION: The study identified the need to qualify preceptors with new approaches for the development of the teaching-learning process, for teamwork and collaborative interprofessional practices in the context of Primary Health Care.

Alcoolismo e fatores associados ao binge drinking em mulheres vilhenenses / Alcoholism and factors associated with binge drinking among women in the municipality of vilhena

Estudo transversal, com objetivo de descrever o consumo de álcool e identificar os fatores associados ao binge drinking entre mulheres vilhenenses. Os instrumentos para investigação foram um questionário sociodemográfico e a escala Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Identificou-se que 78,4% (n = 236) fazem consumo de bebida alcoólica de baixo risco ou abstinência, 14,9% (n = 45) fazem uso de risco, 3% (n = 9) alto risco e 3,7% (n = 11) provável dependência. Das pesquisadas, 57,4% (n = 135) fizeram consumo de três ou mais doses de álcool em uma mesma ocasião. O binge foi associado com as jovens adultas, solteiras, trabalho remunerado e renda inferior a três salários mínimos, escolaridade de níveis fundamental e médio e não praticantes de exercício físico. O estudo mostrou um consumo de álcool elevado e preocupante entre as mulheres que fizeram uso em binge, sendo importante detectar precocemente grupos de risco e desenvolver políticas de prevenção do abuso e dependência dessas substâncias.

Cross-sectional study, with the objective of describing alcohol consumption and identifying the factors associated with binge drinking among women in the municipalit of Vilhena. The instruments for investigation were a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scale. It was identified that 78.4% (n = 236) consume low-risk alcoholic beverages or abstinence, 14.9% (n = 45) make use of risk, 3% (n = 9) use of high risk and 3.7% (n = 11) probable dependence. Of those surveyed, 57.4% (n = 135) consumed three or more drinks of alcohol on the same occasion. Binge was associated with young adults, single, paid work and income less than three minimum wages, elementary and high school education and non-exercisers. The study showed a high and worrying alcohol consumption among women who practiced binge drinking, and it is important to early detect risk groups and develop policies to prevent abuse and dependence on these substances.

Burnout Syndrome in Nursing Professionals in COVID -19 Intensive Care / Síndrome de Burnout em Profissionais de Enfermagem na Terapia Intensiva de COVID-19 / Síndrome de Burnout en Profesionales de enfermería en Terapia Intensiva de COVID-19

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic evidenced a scenario of increased demands on health professionals that can lead to professional burnout. This study aimed to investigate Burnout Syndrome (BS) and associated factors in nursing professionals working in intensive care units (ICU) of the public service during the COVID-19 pandemic. 157 professionals were evaluated regarding sociodemographic, occupational and working conditions variables, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used. The prevalence of BS was 45.2%, with some professionals suffering from more than one factor of the syndrome: emotional exhaustion (28.7%), depersonalization (3.8%) and low professional fulfillment (24.8%). Logistic regression analysis in the final model showed that female gender, not having children, statutory bond, professionals who had COVID-19 and declared wanting to leave the ICU environment had a higher risk of BS. The results showed BS in nursing professionals and that new risk factors were added with the advent of the pandemic.

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 evidenciou um cenário de acréscimo de demandas aos profissionais de saúde que pode levar ao esgotamento profissional. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a Síndrome de Burnout (SB) e fatores associados em profissionais de enfermagem nas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Foram avaliados 157 profissionais em relação às variáveis sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e condições de trabalho, e o Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) foi utilizado. A prevalência da SB foi de 45,2%, com alguns profissionais em mais de um fator da síndrome: exaustão emocional (28,7%), despersonalização (3,8%) e baixa realização profissional (24,8%). Análise de regressão logística no modelo final mostrou que o gênero feminino, não ter filhos, vínculo estatutário, profissionais que tiveram COVID-19 e que declararam querer sair do ambiente de UTI tiveram maior risco de presença da SB. Os resultados evidenciaram SB nos profissionais de enfermagem e que novos fatores de risco foram acrescidos com o advento da pandemia.

Resumen La pandemia de la COVID-19 evidenció un escenario de mayores exigencias a los profesionales de la salud que puede derivar en desgaste profesional. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el Síndrome de Burnout (BS) y factores asociados en los profesionales de enfermería en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) durante la pandemia. Los 157 profesionales fueron evaluados con relación a las variables sociodemográficas, ocupacionales y condiciones de trabajo, y se utilizó el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). La prevalencia de SB fue del 45,2%, con algunos profesionales que sufren de más de un factor del síndrome: agotamiento emocional (28,7%), despersonalización (3,8%) y baja realización profesional (24,8%). El análisis de regresión logística mostró que el sexo femenino, no tener hijos, la relación laboral reglamentaria, los profesionales que contrajeron COVID-19 y que declararon querer salir del entorno de la UCI tuvieron un mayor riesgo de presencia de SB. Los resultados mostraron SB en profesionales de enfermería y que se agregaron nuevos factores de riesgo con el advenimiento de la pandemia.

Preceptor's perceptions about the teaching-learning process and collaborative practices in primary health care / Las percepciones del preceptor sobre el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y las prácticas colaborativas en la atención primaria del salud / Percepções do preceptor sobre o processo ensino-aprendizagem e práticas colaborativas na atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the perceptions of preceptors about the teaching-learning process, as well as the strengths and weaknesses to implement collaborative practices in Primary Health Care. Method Qualitative study carried out between October and December 2019 with 96 preceptors (surgeons- dentists, nurses and doctors) of the Family Health Strategy. Data were collected with the use of a questionnaire and submitted to Content Analysis, using the Maxqda-2020 software. Results Three categories were highlighted: 1. A new know-how needs to be taught to those who teach, 2. teaching and assisting in the preceptorship process and 3. person-centered approach: paradigm for collaborative work reveal difficulties and tensions in the preceptor work and collaborative practices. Conclusion The study identified the need to qualify preceptors with new approaches for the development of the teaching-learning process, for teamwork and collaborative interprofessional practices in the context of Primary Health Care.

RESUMEN Objetivo To analyze the perceptions of preceptors about the teaching-learning process, as well as the strengths and weaknesses to implement collaborative practices in Primary Health Care. Método Qualitative research, carried out between October and December 2019 with 96 preceptors (surgeons- dentists, nurses and doctors) of the Family Health Strategy. Data were obtained through a questionnaire and submitted to Content Analysis, using the Maxqda-2020 software. Resultados Three categories were highlighted: 1. A new know-how needs to be taught to those who teach, 2. teaching and assisting in the preceptorship process and 3. person-centered approach: paradigm for collaborative work reveal difficulties and tensions in the preceptor work and collaborative practices. Conclusión The study identified the need to qualify preceptors with new approaches for the development of the teaching-learning process, for teamwork and collaborative interprofessional practices in the context of Primary Health Care.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as percepções dos preceptores acerca do processo ensino-aprendizagem, bem como as fortalezas e as fragilidades para implementar as práticas colaborativas na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método Pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida entre outubro e dezembro de 2019 com 96 preceptores (cirurgiões-dentistas, enfermeiros e médicos) da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Os dados foram obtidos através de questionário e submetidos a Análise de Conteúdo, utilizando o software Maxqda-2020. Resultados Foram evidenciadas três categorias: 1. Um novo saber-fazer precisa ser ensinado a quem ensina, 2. o ensinar e o assistir no processo da preceptoria e 3. abordagem centrada na pessoa: paradigma para o trabalho colaborativo revelam dificuldades e tensões no trabalho do preceptor e de práticas colaborativas. Conclusão O estudo identificou a necessidade de qualificar os preceptores com novas abordagens para o desenvolvimento do processo ensino-aprendizagem, para o trabalho em equipe e práticas interprofissionais colaborativas no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Insulin resistance and associated factors in female adolescents from two capital cities in the north and south of Brazil.

BACKGROUND: It has been described that physiological changes in glucose metabolism, represented by insulin resistance (IR), are predicted during pubertal evolution, and obesity may be associated with its persistence even at the end of puberty. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of IR in female adolescents with possible associated factors and evaluate the relationship of time since menarche (< 2 vs. ≥ 2 years) in the occurrence of IR in two Brazilian capital cities: Porto Velho (RO) and Porto Alegre (RS). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional school-based study, using information from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks (ERICA) database for adolescents aged 12-17 years, enrolled in public and private schools, in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Brazil, between 2013 and 2014. The present study included 889 adolescents, 382 in Porto Velho (PVh) and 507 in Porto Alegre (PoA). The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥ 3.16 and fasting insulin ≥ 15 mU/L was used to determine the outcome variable of IR. Estimates of crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with confidence intervals of 95% were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Sociodemographic, behavioral, reproductive and nutritional characteristics were considered as potential confounding factors in multivariable models based on a conceptual framework of IR determination. RESULTS: In the total sample, the prevalence of IR was 22.03% (95% CI 17.84-26.89). After adjusting the models, age 15-17 years and time since menarche ≥ 2 years were found to act as protective factors for IR; in contrast, the highest probability of IR was observed in black adolescents, with increased waist circumference (WC) and overweight/obesity (Ow/Ob). The protective effect of two or more years since menarche (post-menarche) was observed for both higher HOMA-IR and fasting insulin in PVh; in PoA, such protection was maintained only for fasting insulin ≥ 15 mU/L after adjustments in the multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: IR is more prevalent during the peri-menarche period, especially in younger and black adolescents, compared to their white and post-menarche counterparts. The association between Ow/Ob and high WC with the occurrence of IR was independent of age and ethnicity variables.

Child mortality for avoidable causes in Rondônia: temporal series study, 2008-2018.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the trend of infant mortality from preventable causes in children under one year of age in Rondônia from 2008 to 2018. METHOD: Epidemiological study of time series with data from the Mortality and Live Birth Information Systems, driven by STATA® version 11.0, trend measured by Prais-Winsten linear regression and autocorrelation with Durbin and Watson test. RESULTS: The infant mortality rate was 14.57 deaths / 1,000 live births, 9.14 / 1,000 due to preventable causes. Deaths decreased by 2.88% annually (95% CI: - 4.67; -1.06). However, causes that can be reduced by running immunization actions, to women during pregnancy and fetal and non-childbirth growth, have stable rates. Deaths from preventable causes in the late neonatal period were declining (-11.69%; 95% CI -19.56; -3.05). CONCLUSION: Managers need to qualify maternal and child care, considering the performance of the team of professionals in assisting the pregnant-puerperal cycle as well as improving the quality of infant mortality records in the region.

Behavior in children and adolescents associated to screen time in Porto Velho, Brazilian Western Amazon / Comportamento de crianças e adolescentes em relação ao tempo de tela em Porto Velho, Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira

INTRODUCTION: In studies directed to children and adolescents, the sedentary behavior has been usually represented by exposure to screen, which comprise the total or separate measured time exposed to television, videogame, tablets, mobile devices, and computer. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with screen time in children and adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional school-based study was carried out with 1,471 students from Elementary School, aged between 7 to 18 years (51.3% male), enrolled at public schools (55.6%) in Porto Velho, Rondônia (RO) state, Brazil. Excess screen time was defined as watching television, using the computer, and playing video games for more than two hours per day. Poisson regression was used to obtain crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% CI. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of screen time exposure over two hours per day was 65.9%. After adjustments, risk of screen time exposure was higher in males, PR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.08 - 1.92), under or equal to 14 years old, PR = 1.69 (95% CI: 1.48 - 1.92), in the 5th grade, PR = 1.41 (95% CI: 1.02 - 1.89), in the 6th grade, PR = 1.44 (95% CI: 1.06 - 1.97) and in the 7th grade, PR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.09 - 2.13), attending two weekly PE classes or fewer, PR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.07 - 1.53) ), consuming more than 3 daily meals, PR = 2.69 (95% CI: 2.14 - 3.37) and overweight, PR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.13 - 2.03). CONCLUSION: The findings showed that the exposure equal to or more than two hours of daily screen time was high. The students more exposed to this outcome had the next characteristics: male sex, age less than or equal to 14 years, from the fifth, sixth, and seventh grade of elementary education, practice physical education classes less than or equal to two hours per week, consume more than three meals daily and have excess body fat (G%).

INTRODUÇÃO: Em estudos direcionados a crianças e adolescentes, o comportamento sedentário tem sido usualmente representado pela exposição aos comportamentos de tela, que compreendem as medidas (unificadas ou distintas) do tempo de televisão, videogame, tablets, aparelhos celulares e computador. OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao tempo de tela em crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal de base escolar, com 1471 escolares de 9 a 18 anos, sendo 51,3% do sexo masculino pertencentes às escolas públicas (55,6%) do ensino fundamental de Porto Velho, Rondônia. O tempo excessivo de tela foi definido como assistir televisão, usar o computador e jogar videogames por mais de duas horas diárias. Análise utilizada foi regressão de Poisson para obtenção das razões de prevalências brutas e ajustadas e seus respectivos IC95%. RESULTADOS: A prevalência geral de exposição de tempo de tela maior que duas horas diárias foi de 65,9%. Após ajustes, o risco à exposição de tempo de tela foi maior no sexo masculino RP = 1,51 (IC95%: 1,08 - 1,92), idade menor ou igual a 14 anos RP = 1,69 (IC95%: 1,48 - 1,92), graus de ensino 5ª ano RP=1,41 (IC95%: 1,02 - 1,89), 6ª ano RP=1,44 (IC95%: 1,06 - 1,97) e 7ª ano RP = 1,52 (IC95%: 1,09 - 2,13), frequentar as aulas de educação física menos ou igual a duas aulas semanais RP = 1,25 (IC95%:1,07 - 1,53), consumir refeições diárias mais de três por dia RP = 2,69 (IC95%:2,14 - 3,37) e ter excesso de gordura RP = 1,51 (IC95%: 1,13 - 2,03. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostraram que a exposição igual ou superior a duas horas de tela diária era alta. Os estudantes mais expostos a este desfecho tiveram as seguintes características: sexo masculino, idade menor ou igual a 14 anos, de quinta, sexta e sétima série do ensino fundamental, praticar aulas de educação física menor ou igual a duas horas semanais, consumir mais de três refeições diárias e estar com excesso de gordura corporal (G%).

INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN A WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZONIAN CITY.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the prevalence and factors associated with internet addiction in a sample of high school adolescents in Acre, a state in northern Brazil. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,387 adolescents between 14 and 18 years old enrolled in high schools in the city of Rio Branco, Acre. A structured questionnaire with questions about demographics, family and behavioral patterns was applied. Internet addiction was verified using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), with a cutoff equal to or greater than 70 points. The associated factors were identified by multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of Internet addiction was 10.6%. Higher dependence was observed in females. The factors associated with Internet addiction were being female, using the computer for more than two hours a day during weekdays and on the weekend, not practicing physical activities and going out to dance at nightclubs and concerts at least once a month. A protective association of reading habits in relation to Internet dependence was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed a high prevalence of Internet dependence, with female adolescents being more susceptible. Behavioral aspects were associated with internet dependence in a sample of adolescents from Rio Branco, Acre.

Internet addiction among adolescents in a western brazilian amazonian city / Dependência de internet em adolescentes de uma cidade na amazônia ocidental brasileira

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the prevalence and factors associated with internet addiction in a sample of high school adolescents in Acre, a state in northern Brazil. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,387 adolescents between 14 and 18 years old enrolled in high schools in the city of Rio Branco, Acre. A structured questionnaire with questions about demographics, family and behavioral patterns was applied. Internet addiction was verified using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), with a cutoff equal to or greater than 70 points. The associated factors were identified by multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The overall prevalence of Internet addiction was 10.6%. Higher dependence was observed in females. The factors associated with Internet addiction were being female, using the computer for more than two hours a day during weekdays and on the weekend, not practicing physical activities and going out to dance at nightclubs and concerts at least once a month. A protective association of reading habits in relation to Internet dependence was observed. Conclusions: The present study showed a high prevalence of Internet dependence, with female adolescents being more susceptible. Behavioral aspects were associated with internet dependence in a sample of adolescents from Rio Branco, Acre.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados à dependência de internet em uma amostra de adolescentes do ensino médio no Acre. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado com 1.387 adolescentes entre 14 e 18 anos regularmente matriculados em instituições de ensino médio no município de Rio Branco, Acre. Questionário estruturado com questões sobre aspectos demográficos, sociais, familiares e comportamentais foi aplicado. A dependência de internet foi verificada pelo internet addiction test (IAT), com ponto de corte igual ou superior a 70. Os fatores associados foram identificados mediante regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: A prevalência geral para dependência de internet foi de 10,6%. Maior dependência foi evidenciada no sexo feminino. Os fatores associados à dependência de internet foram ser do sexo feminino, utilizar o computador por mais de duas horas diárias durante o meio de semana e no fim de semana, não praticar atividade física e sair por pelo menos uma vez ao mês para dançar em boates e shows. Observou-se associação protetora do hábito de leitura em relação à dependência de internet. Conclusões: O presente estudo evidenciou alta prevalência para dependência de internet, sendo as adolescentes do sexo feminino mais suscetíveis. Aspectos comportamentais estiveram associados à dependência de internet em uma amostra de adolescentes de Rio Branco.

Child mortality for avoidable causes in Rondônia: temporal series study, 2008-2018 / Mortalidad infantil por causas evitables en Rondônia: estudio serie temporal, 2008-2018 / Mortalidade infantil por causas evitáveis em Rondônia: estudo de série temporal, 2008-2018

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the trend of infant mortality from preventable causes in children under one year of age in Rondônia from 2008 to 2018. Method Epidemiological study of time series with data from the Mortality and Live Birth Information Systems, driven by STATA® version 11.0, trend measured by Prais-Winsten linear regression and autocorrelation with Durbin and Watson test. Results The infant mortality rate was 14.57 deaths / 1,000 live births, 9.14 / 1,000 due to preventable causes. Deaths decreased by 2.88% annually (95% CI: - 4.67; -1.06). However, causes that can be reduced by running immunization actions, to women during pregnancy and fetal and non-childbirth growth, have stable rates. Deaths from preventable causes in the late neonatal period were declining (-11.69%; 95% CI -19.56; -3.05). Conclusion Managers need to qualify maternal and child care, considering the performance of the team of professionals in assisting the pregnant-puerperal cycle as well as improving the quality of infant mortality records in the region.

RESUMEN Objetivo Investigar la tendencia de la mortalidad infantil por causas prevenibles en menores de un año en Rondônia de 2008 a 2018. Método Estudio epidemiológico de series de tiempo con datos de los Sistemas de Información de Mortalidad y Nacidos Vivos, impulsado por STATA® versión 11.0, tendencia medida por regresión lineal de Prais-Winsten y autocorrelación con la prueba de Durbin y Watson. Resultados La tasa de mortalidad infantil fue de 14,57 defunciones / 1.000 nacidos vivos, 9,14 / 1.000 por causas prevenibles. Las muertes disminuyeron en un 2,88% anual (IC del 95%: -4,67; -1,06). Sin embargo, las causas que pueden reducirse ejecutando acciones de inmunización, a las mujeres durante el embarazo y el crecimiento fetal y no durante el parto, tienen tasas estables. Las muertes por causas prevenibles en el período neonatal tardío estaban disminuyendo (-11,69%; IC del 95% -19,56; -3,05). Conclusión Es necesario que los gestores califiquen la atención materno-infantil, considerando el desempeño del equipo de profesionales en la atención al ciclo gestante-puerperal y mejorando la calidad de los registros de mortalidad infantil en la región.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a tendência da mortalidade infantil por causas evitáveis em crianças menores de um ano em Rondônia de 2008 a 2018. Método Estudo epidemiológico de série temporal com dados dos sistemas de Informação sobre Mortalidade e sobre Nascidos Vivos, analisados pelo STATA® versão 11.0, tendência aferida por regressão linear de Prais-Winsten e autocorrelação com teste de Durbin e Watson. Resultados A taxa de mortalidade infantil foi de 14,57 óbitos/1.000 nascidos vivos, 9,14/1.000 por causas evitáveis. Óbitos tiveram decréscimo anual de 2,88% (IC95%:-4,67; -1,06). Entretanto, causas reduzíveis por ações adequadas de imunização, à mulher na gestação e crescimento fetal e no parto, tiveram taxas estáveis. Óbitos por causas evitáveis no período neonatal tardio estiveram em declínio (-11,69%; IC95%-19, 56;-3,05). Conclusão Gestores precisam qualificar o cuidado materno-infantil, considerando a atuação da equipe de profissionais na assistência ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal bem como melhorar a qualidade dos registros de mortalidade infantil na região.

Prevalence and factors associated with mercury exposure in riverside communities in the Brazilian Western Amazon.

OBJECTIVE: to verify mercury exposure prevalence and identify its possible associated factors in two riverside communities in the Madeira River basin of the Western Brazilian Amazon. METHOD: a cross-sectional study comprising 95 children and adolescents. Age cycle, school attendance, Bolsa Família, number of siblings, meals, fish consumption, height by age were measured. Binary logistic regression was used to verify relationships between mercury exposure and its possible associated factors. RESULTS: the general prevalence of mercury exposure was 46.3%; children, 35.4%; and adolescents, 57.4%. Associated factors were fish consumption (aOR=1.84; 95%CI 1.56-2.16), age cycle (aOR=2.50; 95%CI 1.09-5.7), parasites (aOR=1.22; 95%CI 1.02-2.71), and short stature (aOR=1.32; 95%CI 1.05-2.02). CONCLUSION: mercury exposure prevalence in riverside children and adolescents was considered worrying, with association with fish consumption, adolescence, parasites, and short stature.

Overweight and obesity: prevalence in children and adolescents in Northern Brazil / Sobrepeso e obesidade: prevalência em crianças e adolescentes ao Norte do Brasil

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a chronic disease with a multifactorial etiology, brought about by a set of genetic, environmental and psychological factors. This may generate comorbidities that affect the quality of life and involve other risks to healthOBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children and adolescents in Porto Velho - Rondônia, Brazil in the period 2013-2016METHODS: This study included 4165 schoolchildren aged 9 to 18 years. The students were classified as overweight and obese, according to the z score of the body mass index (BMI) for age and calculated according the WHO AnthroPlus program. Subsequently, BMI for age was categorized according to the criteria proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007): overweight (≥ score z +1 ≤ z + 2) and obese (≥ score z +2). Prevalence calculations were performed using the SPSS version 20.0 programRESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of overweight was 27.1%, being overweight 18.8% and obese 8.3%, in private schools 21.4% and 9.8%, public schools 17.0% and 7.2% respectively. The east zone predominated in both education networks 18.8% and 8.3% respectively. In males, the highest prevalence was at nine years old, 30.7% and 23.0%, and female, 24.3% and 13.8%CONCLUSION: The magnitude of the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high and worrying among schoolchildren and adolescents in the city of Porto Velho, which demonstrates the need for public health actions aimed at the family unit, regardless of the social segment

INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade é uma doença crônica com etiologia multifatorial, provocada por um conjunto de aspectos genéticos, ambientais e psicológicos. Esta pode gerar comorbidades que afetam a qualidade de vida e implicam em outros riscos à saúdeOBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes escolares em Porto Velho - RO, Brasil. 2013-2016MÉTODO: Este estudo incluiu 4165 escolares de 9 a 18 anos. Os escolares foram classificados como sobrepeso e obeso, de acordo com o escore z do índice de massa corporal (IMC) para idade e calculado com auxílio do programa WHO AnthroPlus. Posteriormente, o IMC para idade foi categorizado conforme os critérios propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS, 2007): sobrepeso (≥escore z +1 ≤ z + 2) e obeso (≥ escore z +2). Os cálculos de prevalências foram feitos com o auxílio do programa SPSS versão 20.0RESULTADOS: As prevalências de excesso de peso foram elevadas de 27,1%, sobrepeso 18,8% e obeso 8,3%, escolas particulares 21,4% e 9,8%, públicas 17,0% e 7,2% respectivamente. A zona leste predominou em ambas as redes de ensino 18,8% e 8,3% respectivamente. No sexo masculino a maior prevalência foi aos nove anos 30,7% e 23,0% e feminino 24,3% e 13,8%CONCLUSÃO: A magnitude da prevalência de sobrepeso e obeso foi elevada e preocupante em escolares da cidade de Porto Velho, o que demonstra a necessidade de ações de saúde pública voltadas à unidade familiar, independentemente do segmento social

Prevenção de recaídas baseada em mindfulness no tratamento do tabagismo - Brasil / Relapse Prevention Based on Mindfulness in the Treatment of Tobacco Dependence - Brazil / Prevención de recaídas basada en Mindfulness en el tratamiento del tabaquismo - Brasil

Resumo Realizou-se um ensaio clínico randomizado com o objetivo de analisar os efeitos de um programa de Prevenção de Recaídas baseado em mindfulness no tratamento do tabagismo. O estudo foi conduzido no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Álcool e Drogas (CAPSad) em 2017 na cidade de Porto Velho, capital de Rondônia, Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa 52 pacientes em tratamento para o tabagismo, com idades entre 29 a 60 anos de ambos os sexos, usuários apenas de tabaco. Para a realização deste trabalho foram formados dois grupos: G1=experimental e G2=controle, ambos formados por 26 cada um. No pré-teste, os dados mostraram não haver diferença significativa entre esses dois grupos. Na comparação do pós-teste ocorreu uma diferença significativa na diminuição dos sintomas de ansiedade (p = 0,043) e nível de monóxido de carbono-CO2 (p = 0,03) nos pulmões dos participantes. No resultado da análise de proporção, houve diferença no G1 pós-intervenção com diminuição de sintomas de ansiedade (p == <0,001), depressão (p = 0,012) e monóxido de carbono (p = <0,001), respectivamente. Estes achados mostraram efeitos significativos do mindfulness para a pre- venção de recaídas e diminuição de sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e nível de monóxido de carbono nos pulmões, no G1 pós-intervenção nos pacientes fumantes e fumantes dependentes em tratamento no CAPSad.

Abstract A randomized clinical trial was conducted to analyze the effects of a Mindful-ness-based relapse prevention program for tobacco dependence treatment. The study was conducted at the Center for Psychosocial Care of Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad), in the city of Porto Velho, capital of Rondônia, Brazil, 2017. 52 patients aged between 29 to 60, of both sexes, who were only tobacco users, participated in the research. To carry out this study, two groups were made up: G1 = experimental and G2 = control, both consisted of 26 people. In the pre-test, the data showed that there was no significant difference between these two groups. In the post-test comparison, there was a considerable difference in the reduction of anxiety symptoms (p = 0.043) and carbon monoxide-CO2 level (p = 0.03) in the lungs of smoking patients. In the result of the proportion analysis, there was a difference in G1 post-intervention with decreased symptoms of anxiety (p = <0.001), depression (p = 0.012) and carbon monoxide (p = <0.001), respectively. These fin-dings showed significant effects of mindfulness in preventing relapse and reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression and carbon monoxide level the post-intervention group of smokers and dependent smokers treated at CAPSad.

Resumen Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado con el objetivo de analizar los efectos de un programa de prevención de recaídas basado en Mindfulness para el tratamiento del tabaquismo. El estudio se realizó en el Centro de Atención Psicosocial del Alcohol y las Drogas (CAPSad), en 2017, en la ciudad de Porto Velho, capital de Rondônia, Brasil. Participaron en la investigación 52 pacientes, de ambos sexos, con edades comprendi-das entre 29 y 60 años, consumidores de tabaco solamente. Para la realización de este trabajo, se formaron dos grupos: G1 = experimental y G2 = control, formados por 26 personas cada uno. En la prueba previa, los datos mostraron que no había diferencia significativa entre los grupos. En la comparación de los resultados en la prueba pos-terior se halló una diferencia significativa en la reducción de los síntomas de ansiedad (p = 0.043) y en el nível de monóxido de carbono-CO2 (p = 0.03) em los pulmones de los participantes. Como resultado del análisis de proporciones, se presentó una diferencia en el G1 en la prueba posterior, con síntomas disminuidos de ansiedad (p = <0.001), depresión (p = 0.012) y monóxido de carbono (<0.001), respectivamente. Estos hallazgos mostraron los efectos significativos del mindfulness para la pre-vención de recaídas y reducción de los síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y nível de monóxido de carbono em los pulmones, en el grupo de experimento posterior a la intervención en fumadores y fumadores dependientes que reciben tratamiento en el CAPSad.

Association of body composition and age at menarche in girls and adolescents in the Brazilian Legal Amazon / Associação da composição corporal e idade da menarca em meninas e adolescentes na Amazônia Brasileira

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between age at menarche and variables of body composition in girls from the Northern region of Brazil, the Brazilian Legal Amazon. Method: The sample was composed of 926 school girls, aged between 8 and 18 years, divided into two groups, those who had (G1; n = 727; 72.5%) and had not undergone menarche (G2; n = 199; 21.5%), from public and private schools, using the stratified random proportional sampling technique. Weight, fat weight, muscle weight, and body mass index were measured using bioimpedance analysis. Body height was measured using a stadiometer. Age at menarche was obtained using the conventional method. For the evaluation of sexual maturation, self-assessment was performed according to criteria described by Tanner. Results: The highest cumulative distribution of menarche was found at age 11, and presented significant differences between G1 and G2 at ages 11 and 12 years in all variables of body composition, except body mass index Z-score. Fat and muscle mass were associated with age at menarche. Conclusion: The present results support the notion of menarche anticipation in girls from Brazilian Amazon and its association with body composition. Further studies are needed to investigate the influence of other possible factors that may interfere with the time of growth spurt, thus determining the timing of puberty in these girls in comparison to other regions of Brazil.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a associação entre idade da menarca e variáveis da composição corporal em meninas na região norte do Brasil, a Amazônia brasileira. Método A amostra foi composta por 926 meninas em idade escolar, entre 8 e 18 anos, divididas em dois grupos, com presença de menarca (G1), n = 727 (72,5%) e ausência (G2) n = 199 (21,5%), provenientes de escolas públicas e privadas, com a técnica de amostragem aleatória estratificada proporcional. Peso, massa de gordura, massa muscular e índice de massa corporal foram medidos através da análise de bioimpedância. A altura foi medida com um estadiômetro. A idade da menarca foi obtida pelo método status quo. Para a avaliação da maturação sexual, a autoavaliação foi realizada de acordo com os critérios descritos por Tanner. Resultados A maior distribuição cumulativa da menarca foi encontrada aos 11 anos e apresentou diferenças significativas entre a presença e ausência de menarca aos 11 e 12 anos em todas as variáveis de composição corporal, exceto o escore-z do índice de massa corporal. Massa de gordura e massa muscular foram associadas com a idade da menarca. Conclusão Os resultados apresentados corroboram a antecipação da menarca em meninas da Amazônia brasileira e sua associação com a composição corporal. Mais estudos são necessários para investigar a influência de outros possíveis fatores que podem interferir na época do estirão de crescimento e determinar, assim, a ocorrência da puberdade em meninas amazônicas em comparação com as de outras regiões do Brasil.

Association of body composition and age at menarche in girls and adolescents in the Brazilian Legal Amazon.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between age at menarche and variables of body composition in girls from the Northern region of Brazil, the Brazilian Legal Amazon. METHOD: The sample was composed of 926 school girls, aged between 8 and 18 years, divided into two groups, those who had (G1; n=727; 72.5%) and had not undergone menarche (G2; n=199; 21.5%), from public and private schools, using the stratified random proportional sampling technique. Weight, fat weight, muscle weight, and body mass index were measured using bioimpedance analysis. Body height was measured using a stadiometer. Age at menarche was obtained using the conventional method. For the evaluation of sexual maturation, self-assessment was performed according to criteria described by Tanner. RESULTS: The highest cumulative distribution of menarche was found at age 11, and presented significant differences between G1 and G2 at ages 11 and 12 years in all variables of body composition, except body mass index Z-score. Fat and muscle mass were associated with age at menarche. CONCLUSION: The present results support the notion of menarche anticipation in girls from Brazilian Amazon and its association with body composition. Further studies are needed to investigate the influence of other possible factors that may interfere with the time of growth spurt, thus determining the timing of puberty in these girls in comparison to other regions of Brazil.

Prevalence and factors associated with mercury exposure in riverside communities in the Brazilian Western Amazon / Prevalencia y factores asociados a la exposición al mercurio en las comunidades de ribeirina en la Amazonía occidental brasileña / Prevalência e fatores associados à exposição ao mercúrio em comunidades ribeirinhas na Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify mercury exposure prevalence and identify its possible associated factors in two riverside communities in the Madeira River basin of the Western Brazilian Amazon. Method: a cross-sectional study comprising 95 children and adolescents. Age cycle, school attendance, Bolsa Família, number of siblings, meals, fish consumption, height by age were measured. Binary logistic regression was used to verify relationships between mercury exposure and its possible associated factors. Results: the general prevalence of mercury exposure was 46.3%; children, 35.4%; and adolescents, 57.4%. Associated factors were fish consumption (aOR=1.84; 95%CI 1.56-2.16), age cycle (aOR=2.50; 95%CI 1.09-5.7), parasites (aOR=1.22; 95%CI 1.02-2.71), and short stature (aOR=1.32; 95%CI 1.05-2.02). Conclusion: mercury exposure prevalence in riverside children and adolescents was considered worrying, with association with fish consumption, adolescence, parasites, and short stature.

RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar la prevalencia de exposición al mercurio e identificar sus posibles factores asociados en dos comunidades ribereñas en la cuenca del Río Madeira en la Amazonía occidental de Brasil. Método: estudio transversal compuesto por 95 niños y adolescentes. Se midieron las siguientes variables: ciclo de edad, asistencia a la escuela, Bolsa Família, número de hermanos, comidas, consumo de pescado, talla por edad. La regresión logística binaria se utilizó para verificar las relaciones entre la exposición al mercurio y sus posibles factores asociados. Resultados: la prevalencia general de exposición al mercurio fue del 46,3%; para niños, 35,4%; para adolescentes, 57.4%. Los factores asociados fueron consumo de pescado (ORa=1.84; IC95% 1.56-2.16), ciclo de edad (ORa=2.50; IC95% 1.09-5.7), presencia de parásitos (ORa=1.22; IC95% 1.02-2.71) y baja estatura (ORa=1.32; IC95% 1.05-2.02). Conclusión: la prevalencia de exposición al mercurio en niños y adolescentes ribereños se consideró preocupante, con una asociación con el consumo de pescado, la adolescencia, los parásitos y la baja estatura.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a prevalência da exposição ao mercúrio e identificar seus possíveis fatores associados em duas comunidades ribeirinhas da bacia do Rio Madeira da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira. Método: estudo transversal composto por 95 crianças e adolescentes. Foram mensuradas as seguintes variáveis: ciclo de idade, frequência à escola, Bolsa Família, número de irmãos, refeições, consumo de peixe, estatura por idade. A regressão logística binária foi utilizada para verificar relações entre a exposição ao mercúrio e seus possíveis fatores associados. Resultados: a prevalência geral de exposição ao mercúrio foi de 46,3%; para crianças, 35,4%; para adolescentes, 57,4%. Os fatores associados foram consumo de peixe (ORa=1,84; IC95% 1,56-2,16), ciclo de idade (ORa=2,50; IC95% 1,09-5,7), presença de parasitas (ORa=1,22; IC95% 1,02-2,71) e baixa estatura (ORa=1,32; IC95% 1,05-2,02). Conclusão: a prevalência de exposição ao mercúrio em crianças e adolescentes ribeirinhos foi considerada preocupante, com associação ao consumo de peixe, adolescência, ter parasita e baixa estatura.

Inactive behavior in adolescent students of the brazilian western amazon / Comportamento inativo em estudantes adolescentes da amazônia ocidental brasileira

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence of physical inactivity in adolescent students in the city of Porto Velho, RO, Northern Brazil, and its associated factors. Methods: School-based study, conducted with 2,694 adolescents. The self-reported variable for outcome was physical inactivity. Factors associated with inactive behavior were verified by multiple logistic regression. The independent variables were inserted into the model in hierarchical blocks. Results: The overall prevalence of inactive behavior was 39.5%. Females showed a higher prevalence of physical inactivity (46.2%) than males (31.4%). Adolescents in private schools and with reports of negative health perception had a high prevalence of physical inactivity. Regarding associated factors, the female sex showed a magnitude of association of 1.84 with physical inactivity. Being in a private school was associated with a 2.54 times greater chance of physical inactivity compared to public school students. Going to school by bus, car or motorcycle was associated with a 1.29 and 1.63 higher chance of physical inactivity respectively. Adolescents who reported having a negative health perception had 1.29 higher chance of physical inactivity, while having excess body fat showed magnitude of association of 1.36 in adolescents. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of physical inactivity in the studied adolescents. Considering that the behavior of physical inactivity adopted during adolescence may continue in adulthood, the promotion of actions that can change this behavior may improve health in the future as well as quality of life.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência do comportamento inativo de estudantes adolescentes da cidade de Porto Velho, RO, Brasil, e os fatores associados a ele. Métodos: Estudo de base escolar realizado com 2.694 adolescentes. A variável autorreferida à exposição ao desfecho foi a inatividade física. Verificam-se os fatores associados ao comportamento inativo pela regressão logística múltipla. As variáveis independentes foram inseridas no modelo em blocos hierarquizados. Resultados: A prevalência geral de comportamento inativo foi de 39,5%. O sexo feminino mostrou maior prevalência de comportamento inativo (46,2%) do que o masculino (31,4%). Adolescentes em escolas particulares e com relatos de percepção de saúde negativa apresentaram alta prevalência de comportamento inativo. Na verificação dos fatores associados, o sexo feminino mostrou magnitude de associação de 1,84 com o comportamento inativo. Estar institucionalizado em escola particular mostrou 2,54 vezes mais chance de ter comportamento inativo em comparação aos estudantes das escolas públicas. A locomoção para escola por ônibus e carro ou motocicleta revelou magnitudes de associação com o comportamento inativo de 1,29 e 1,63, respectivamente. Adolescentes que apontaram a percepção de saúde negativa tiveram 1,29 mais chance de ter comportamento inativo em relação ao relato de saúde positiva, enquanto ter excesso de gordura corporal mostrou magnitude de associação de 1,36 em adolescentes. Conclusões: A prevalência de comportamento inativo foi alta em estudantes adolescentes. Considerando que o comportamento inativo adotado durante a adolescência pode permanecer nos anos posteriores, sugere-se a promoção de ações para a modificação de comportamento visando à melhoria da saúde e qualidade de vida.

INACTIVE BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENT STUDENTS OF THE BRAZILIAN WESTERN AMAZON.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of physical inactivity in adolescent students in the city of Porto Velho, RO, Northern Brazil, and its associated factors. METHODS: School-based study, conducted with 2,694 adolescents. The self-reported variable for outcome was physical inactivity. Factors associated with inactive behavior were verified by multiple logistic regression. The independent variables were inserted into the model in hierarchical blocks. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of inactive behavior was 39.5%. Females showed a higher prevalence of physical inactivity (46.2%) than males (31.4%). Adolescents in private schools and with reports of negative health perception had a high prevalence of physical inactivity. Regarding associated factors, the female sex showed a magnitude of association of 1.84 with physical inactivity. Being in a private school was associated with a 2.54 times greater chance of physical inactivity compared to public school students. Going to school by bus, car or motorcycle was associated with a 1.29 and 1.63 higher chance of physical inactivity respectively. Adolescents who reported having a negative health perception had 1.29 higher chance of physical inactivity, while having excess body fat showed magnitude of association of 1.36 in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of physical inactivity in the studied adolescents. Considering that the behavior of physical inactivity adopted during adolescence may continue in adulthood, the promotion of actions that can change this behavior may improve health in the future as well as quality of life.

Fatores associados a não participação nas aulas de educação física escolar em adolescentes / Factors associated with non-participation in education classes school physics in adolescents

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi estimar as prevalências da não participação nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar (EFE) e identificar os fatores associados. A amostra foi composta por 1471 escolares (oito a 18 anos de idade) do ensino fundamental I e II. A variável de desfecho foi autoreferrida participa e não participa das aulas. Foi utilizada análise de regressão logística múltipla pelo procedimento de eliminação retrógrada. A prevalência a não participação das aulas de EFE foi de 43,6%, pública 38,9% e particular 49,5%. Os fatores associados a não participação nas aulas de EFE foram: sexo feminino (OR: 1,30; IC95%: 1,06-1,61), idade maior que 12 anos (OR: 1,39; IC95%: 1,12-2,73), acima do sétimo ano (OR: 1,32; IC95%: 1,07-2,63), uso da tecnologia acima de duas horas diárias (OR: 1,29; IC95%: 1,05-1,60), fazer menos de três refeições diárias (OR: 1,56; IC95%: 1.25-2,93) e o excesso de peso (OR: 1,61; IC95%: 1,32-2,97). Isso perpassa em entender a escola e todos os educadores como elementos propulsores do processo global de educação, uma vez que a participação efetiva de crianças e adolescentes nas aulas de EFE possibilita a diminuição e exposição a comportamentos de risco à saúde em todas as fases da vida, oportunizando a conscientização dessas práticas.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of non-participation in the School Physical Education classes (EFE) and to identify the associated factors. The sample consisted of 1471 schoolchildren (eight to 18 years of age) from elementary school I and II. The outcome variable was self-reported participates and does not participate in classes. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used by the retrograde elimination procedure. The prevalence of non-participation in EFE classes was 43.6%, public 38.9% and private 49.5%. The factors associated with non-participation in EFS classes were: female (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.06-1.61); age greater than 12 years (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.07-2.63), use of the technology over two hours per day (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1, (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.25-2.93) and overweight (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.32-2, 97). This is to understand the school and all educators as elements that propel the global education process, since the effective participation of children and adolescents in EFE classes enables the reduction and exposure to health risk behaviors in all phases of life , giving an opportunity to raise awareness of these practices.

Perfil das crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência / Profile of children and adolescents victims of violence

Objetivos: analisar o perfil das crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violências, bem como identificar os agressores e os principais tipos de violência. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal realizado por meio de um levantamento das variáveis no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação sobre violência contra crianças e adolescentes. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva no programa Epi Info™, versão 13.0. Resultados: verificou-se que 81% das vítimas eram do sexo feminino, adolescentes (76,8%), cor/raça preta (65,8%) e ensino fundamental (51,5%). A violência sexual foi a mais comum (62,9%), tendo amigos/conhecidos como principais agressores (19,9%), principalmente do sexo masculino (74,9%). Conclusão: diante de tais achados, é importante repensar as fragilidades existentes e estratégias eficazes a serem implementadas, principalmente quando estes resultados se distanciam do cenário nacional.