RESUMEN
Objective: Riverine communities in Rondônia State are exposed to high selenium (Se) content in their diet because of the high-selenium soils identified in the Amazon. However, the Amazonian population has a high mercury (Hg) exposure because this metal accumulates in the soil. Because children are more vulnerable to Hg toxicity, the aim of this study was to evaluate and correlate Se status and hair Hg levels in riverine children (aged 39 y) living in two different locations in Rondônia State: Demarcação area (DA) and Gleba do Rio Preto (GRP)...
Asunto(s)
Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Preescolar , Niño , Niño , Estado Nutricional , Mercurio , Preescolar , Selenio , Espectrofotometría Atómica , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Riverine communities in Rondônia State are exposed to high selenium (Se) content in their diet because of the high-selenium soils identified in the Amazon. However, the Amazonian population has a high mercury (Hg) exposure because this metal accumulates in the soil. Because children are more vulnerable to Hg toxicity, the aim of this study was to evaluate and correlate Se status and hair Hg levels in riverine children (aged 3-9 y) living in two different locations in Rondônia State: Demarcação area (DA) and Gleba do Rio Preto (GRP). METHODS: Se levels were assessed using hydride generation quartz tube atomic absorption spectroscopy; total hair Hg levels were assessed using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Dietary intake was evaluated through a 24-h food record and a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Forty-two children participated in this study. Eighty-four percent of the children from DA showed low plasma Se. Conversely, all children from GRP presented plasma Se levels above the reference values. Forty-five percent of the children from DA presented low erythrocyte levels, and 55% of the children from GRP showed concentration in erythrocyte above the reference values. The mean Se intake was 41.8 µg/d in DA and 179.0 µg/d in GRP. High hair Hg levels were observed in children from both the DA and GRP (3.57 ± 1.86 and 6.24 ± 5.89, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Children from both riverine communities are likely to present altered Se status according to their dietary intake. Additionally, these children are highly exposed to Hg, mainly through fish consumption, and the toxicity of this metal may cause metabolic damage.
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Dieta , Contaminación de Alimentos , Mercurio/metabolismo , Metales Pesados/metabolismo , Estado Nutricional , Selenio/sangre , Oligoelementos/sangre , Animales , Bertholletia/química , Brasil , Niño , Preescolar , Registros de Dieta , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Peces , Cabello/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Ríos , Alimentos Marinos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
This study evaluated Hg and MeHg concentrations in fish muscle and children hair from Cubatão, using asstrategies: i) Hg and MeHg determinations in the mostly consumed fish species, ii) Hg and MeHg determinationsin 93 children hair samples (from 04 to 14 years old), and iii) analysis on the children diet consumptionquestionnaire answered by the respective parents. The results obtained in a similar study in Cananeia were usedas references. These two regions show different environmental anthropogenic impacts and distinct eating habits.The quantity and the frequency of fish consumption were the most important factors of Hg bioaccumulation inchildren hair. In both cities, 95 % of mercury contents in hair were >1 mg.kg-1 (US EPA reference) in analyzedchildren, and MeHg were between 67 and 83 % of total Hg. The median for total Hg concentration in fishmuscle (wet basis) ranged from 10 to 179 μg.kg-1 for Cananéia and 10 to 181 μg.kg-1 for Cubatão, values lowerthan the Brazilian limits for Hg in fish. Considering the Hg contents detected in the mostly consumed fish andhair, they indicate that the children are not at risk for Hg and MeHg contamination...
Este estudo avaliou a concentração de Hg e MeHg em amostras de peixes e de cabelos de crianças de Cubatão, usando-se como estratégia: i) Hg total e MeHg em peixes mais consumidos; ii) Hg total e MeHg em cabelos de 93 crianças (04 a 14 anos); iii) análise do inquérito alimentar respondido pelos pais. Os dados obtidos em estudo similar realizado em Cananéia foram usados como referência. Essas duas regiões estuarinas, sob diferentes graus de impacto ambiental, apresentam diferentes hábitos alimentares. A quantidade e a frequência de consumo de peixes foram os fatores mais importantes na bioacumulação de Hg nos cabelos. Em ambas as cidades, 95 % das concentrações de Hg total nos cabelos foram abaixo de 1 mg.kg-1 (limite US EPA) e o percentual de MeHg ocorreu entre 67 e 83 % em relação ao teor de Hg total. As medianas para Hg total nos músculos (base úmida) variaram de 10 a 179 μg.kg-1 para peixes de Cananéia e 10 a 181 μg.kg-1 de Cubatão, inferiores ao limite da legislação brasileira para Hg. A partir dos teores para Hg total e MeHg em peixes mais consumidos e cabelos, as crianças parecem não estar em risco de contaminação...
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Humanos , Niño , Cabello , Compuestos de Metilmercurio , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Conducta Alimentaria , Mercurio , Peces , BrasilRESUMEN
This study evaluated different cooking processes (roasted, cooked and fried) on total mercury (Hg) content in fish species most consumed by Manaus residents and surrounding communities, Amazon region. The results obtained for total Hg in natura and after the three types of preparation (roasted, cooked and fried) for 12 fish species showed a significant Hg concentration variation. In the present study the cooked and frying processes resulted in higher Hg losses for Pacu, Pescada, Jaraqui, Curimatã, Surubin and Aruanã fish species, most of them presenting detritivorous and carnivorous feeding habits. The higher Hg losses in the roasting process occurred for Sardinha, Aracu, Tucunaré, Pirapitinga, Branquinha and Tambaqui fish species, most of them being omnivorous and herbivorous fish species. Some micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Na, Se and Zn) in fish species in natura were also determined in order to perform a nutritional evaluation regarding these micronutrients.
O presente estudo avaliou três diferentes processos de cocção (assado, cozido e frito) e sua relação com o teor de mercúrio total (Hg) em espécies de peixes comumente consumidas pela população de Manaus e comunidades vizinhas da região Amazônica. Os resultados obtidos para Hg total in natura (antes) e após os três tipos de preparo (assado, cozido e frito) para as 12 espécies de peixes selecionadas apresentaram uma significativa variação na concentração. Os processos de cozimento e fritura resultaram em maiores perdas de Hg para as espécies Pacu, Pescada, Jaraqui, Curimatã, Surubin e Aruanã sendo a maioria delas classificadas como espécies detritívoras e carnívoras. As maiores perdas de Hg no processo assado ocorreram para as espécies Sardinha, Aracu, Tucunaré, Pirapitinga, Branquinha e Tambaqui, a maioria classificadas como espécies omnivoras e herbivoras. Alguns micronutrientes (Ca, Fe, K, Na, Se e Zn) nas espécies de peixes in natura foram determinados com o objetivo de fazer uma avaliação nutricional em relação a esses constituintes.
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Culinaria/métodos , Peces , Mercurio/análisis , Mercurio/toxicidad , Micronutrientes/análisisRESUMEN
A Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica com Geração de Vapor Frio (CVAAS) está entre os métodos mais utilizados atualmente para a determinação de mercúrio (Hg) e metilmercúrio (MeHg) em materiais biológicos devido a vantagens, tais como: facilidade de operação, rápida resposta analítica, boa sensibilidade e baixo custo. Neste estudo apresentam-se os resultados obtidos no programa de intercomparação da Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (IAEA) o World-Wide Intercomparison Exercise for the Determination of Trace Elements and Methylmercury in Tuna Fish Flesh Homogenate (IAEA-436), realizado no período de outubro de 2004 a julho de 2005. A precisão e a exatidão do método para determinação de Hg e MeHg foram verificadas por meio da análise de materiais de referência com valores certificados para ambos. Os resultados obtidos apresentaram boa precisão e exatidão, com desvio padrão relativo de 2,2 a 10 % e erro relativo, de 0,4 a 12% para MeHg e desvio padrão relativo de 2,6 a 11,7% e erro relativo, de 0,9 a 3,11%, para Hg. O método apresentado mostrou-se adequado para determinação de baixos níveis destes contaminante sem amostras de cabelo e peixe e pode ser usado em estudos relacionados aos efeitos do Hg e suas espécies na saúde do ser humano.
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Cabello , Compuestos de Metilmercurio , Análisis Espectral , PecesRESUMEN
Fifty three individuals of four most commonly consumed fish species by the Cananéia city population, in São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzedto determine total mercury (Total Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) levels, as well as, proximate composition and fatty acid profile. Themuscle of three carnivorous species Centropomus parallelus (Fat snook), Macrodon ancylodon (King weakfish) and Micropogonias furnieri(Whitemouth croaker), and one planktivorous species Mugil platanus (Mullet) were analyzed. MeHg and Total Hg determinations wereperformed by Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (CV AAS). Fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography (GC) whilst AOAC methods were used for proximate analysis. The total Hg results (interval) in wet weight basis were: Whitemouth croaker(114442 μg kg-1), Fat snook (15-178 μg kg-1), King weakfi sh (12-100 μg kg-1) and Mullet (<1025 μg kg-1), and none of the fish species exceeded the Brazilian legislation limits. MeHg values were below FAO/WHO (2007) recommendations. In nutritional terms, the resultsfor proximate composition for all four fish species proved to be an excellent protein source with very low lipid content as was expected. Fatty acids of all fish species were adequate. Total polyunsaturated fatty acid contents varied from 21.9% (Micropogonias furnieri) to26.4% (Mugil platanus). For the n-3 family, Macrodon ancylodon presented the highest value (20.9%) and Micropogonias furnieri thelowest one (15.8%). Mugil platanus (Mullet) species also showed good levels for all parameters analyzed and very low concentrations of contaminants, indicating it as a good nutritional choice in terms of risks and benefits.
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Composición de Alimentos , Compuestos de Metilmercurio , Mercurio , Peces , Ácidos GrasosRESUMEN
The present work is a qualitative study with a psychosocial perspective. It reports the analysis of an interdisciplinary intervention with a group of 20 women working at social services. The study aims to demonstrate that work as an structural element of daily life causes a symbolic violence to women's subjectivity affecting their family relationships (with husband and children). Data collection was made through interviews, life history report and group interventions. The results show that 12 out of 20 women discovered new feelings, values, financial gains, power and professional success in order to achieve a satisfactory level in her role as women, mother, partner and friend. The conclusion is that society transforms professionals, men or women in objects to profit gains. This process causes a profound abusive change in human subjectivity deforming all his relationships.