Characterization of missense nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism of runt-related transcription factor-2 gene - An in silico approach.

OBJECTIVES: Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) codes for multiple amino acids, impacting protein functions and disease prognosis. Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2), a transcription factor linked to osteoblast differentiation, regulates cell proliferation in endothelium and osteoblastic cells. Understanding Runx2's role in nonosseous tissues is rapidly advancing. This study aims to identify harmful SNPs of the RUNX2 gene that may alter disease susceptibility using computational techniques. METHODS: The study uses various in silico methods to identify nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) of the RUNX2 gene, which could potentially alter protein structure and functions, with further analyses by I-Mutant, ConSurf, Netsurf 3.0, GeneMANIA, and Have (y)Our Protein Explained. RESULTS: Six missense nsSNPs were identified as potentially harmful, disease-causing, and damaging. Four were found to be unstable, while five were conserved. All six nsSNPs had a coiled secondary structure. Five nsSNPs were found to be destabilized. CONCLUSION: The RUNX2 gene's deleterious missense nsSNPs were identified by this study, and they may be exploited in future experimental studies. These high-risk nsSNPs might be considered target molecules in therapeutic and diagnostic therapies in teeth and bone development.

Survival Rate of Immediate Implants in Periodontally Compromised Patients: A Systematic Review.

Background: Immediate implant placement into a fresh extraction socket has been developed as a consistent treatment, allowing for a reduction in the duration of time necessary for prosthetic rehabilitation. The study will evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of implants placed immediately for a 10-year follow-up period. Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the durability of the immediate implant in periodontally compromised individual placement. Methods: Studies reporting clinical and radiologic implant outcomes from periodontally compromised individuals who were treated and followed periodontal and implant maintenance for ≥5 years were considered eligible for the review. Screening of the articles, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. Results: There were 99 papers, and of them, 55 were excluded after title/abstract assessment. The full texts of 28 potentially eligible publications were screened, but only seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: The study confirms that immediate implant therapy is safe, effective, and predictable for successful osseointegration and long-term functioning in periodontally compromised individuals, with minimal differences in clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in the Extraction Socket Preservation: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Various studies have suggested use of socket grafting materials after dental extraction for socket preservation. However, there is no single material that has been accepted as standard for preserving the socket. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the evidence for the use of biphasic calcium phosphate for socket regeneration. Materials and Methods: The team conducted a systematic literature search in accordance with the protocol registered at PROSPERO. PubMed, OVID, and EMBASE databases were used in the search. The articles were then screened using RAYYAN open-source software for the synthesis of evidence. Results: Of the 240 articles found in the search, two studies could be included in the review. Conclusion: Biphasic calcium phosphate (60% hydroxyapatite, HA and 40% beta-tricalcium phosphate, ß-TCP) has a significant effect in the socket preservation and quality of bone regeneration.