Assessing Adherence to Vaccination, Social Distancing and Other Preventive Behaviors by Patients With Mental Disorders in the Context Of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review Protocol.

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a worldwide public health crisis, leading to significant disruptions in societal behaviors and norms. Within the affected population, individuals with mental health disorders are considered a vulnerable group, experiencing higher infection rates and poorer outcomes. These adverse outcomes can be attributed to various factors, including inadequate adherence to vaccination and other preventive measures. To address this issue, this study aims to present the research protocol for a scoping review that will comprehensively examine the literature on the adherence of individuals with mental disorders to preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The scoping review will adhere to the methodological guidelines outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute and will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. A comprehensive search for published literature containing original data will be conducted in the Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy will be developed based on the Population, Concept, and Context inclusion criteria. Two authors will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full texts for inclusion and extract relevant data. The findings of the review will be presented using descriptive statistics, including tables, charts, and flow diagrams, to elucidate the key concepts of interest.

Online group therapies for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and trauma-related disorders: a systematic review.

Background: This systematic review examined the existing literature to determine the evidence supporting the efficacy of online group treatments for anxiety-, obsessive-compulsive- and trauma-related disorders (AOTDs). Methods: A systematic review using the PUBMED, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials databases with no language, date, or study design filters was performed. The inclusion criteria comprised studies that examined individuals who had received a formal diagnosis of AOTDs, were aged 18 years or older, and had baseline and endpoint assessments of symptom severity using formal tools. Results: Five studies on social anxiety disorder (SAD), four on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and one on tic disorders (TDs) were found. The studies were open-label (n = 2) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 8), with five of the RCTs being non-inferiority trials. Most studies were conducted in the US and investigated psychological CBT based interventions via internet-based therapies (IBT: n = 4), video teleconferencing (VTC: n = 5) or a combination of both (n = 1). In SAD, IBT studies associated with a clinician assisted web-based forum (here termed "forum-enhanced" studies) were superior to waiting lists and not inferior to similar versions that were also "forum enhanced" but self-guided, "telephone enhanced" by a contact with a non-specialist, and "email enhanced" by a contact with a clinician individually. Studies involving VTC have shown comparable effectiveness to in-person interventions across some online group CBT based treatments for PTSD. Two open trials also demonstrated symptoms reductions of social anxiety and tics through VTC. Conclusion: There is evidence supporting the effectiveness of online group treatments for SAD and PTSD. Further studies from different research groups may be needed to replicate the use of these and other forms of online treatments in individuals with SAD, PTSD, and other clinical populations, such as OCD, panic disorder, agoraphobia and specific phobias. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023408491.

"Holy scan" or "picture of the baby?" Biomedicalization and stratification in the use of obstetric ultrasound in Rio de Janeiro.

Based on ethnographic studies conducted at public and private healthcare facilities in Rio de Janeiro, we argue that the dissemination of (bio)medicalization varies in accordance with the social stratum of the expectant mothers, thereby producing thoroughly distinct fetal and pregnant bodies, as well as different gestational processes. Starting from the basic premise that biomedicalization represents a transformation in the process of medicalization, characterized by the growing incorporation of technoscience into biomedicine, the observed universes displayed different stages in this transformation, consonant with the social stratification of the women who underwent the scans.

“Exame bento” ou “foto do bebê”? Biomedicalização e estratificação nos usos do ultrassom obstétrico no Rio de Janeiro / “Holy scan” or “picture of the baby?” Biomedicalization and stratification in the use of obstetric ultrasound in Rio de Janeiro

Resumo A partir de etnografias realizadas em serviços públicos e privados do Rio de Janeiro, sustentamos que a difusão do fenômeno de (bio)medicalização varia de acordo com o estrato social das gestantes, produzindo corpos fetais e gestantes, assim como processos gestacionais, totalmente diversos, dependendo da camada social das mulheres atendidas. Tomando a premissa fundamental de que a biomedicalização consiste em uma transformação no processo de medicalização pela incorporação crescente da tecnociência à biomedicina, o universo observado evidencia diferentes estágios dessa transformação, acompanhando, de modo consistente, a estratificação social das grávidas submetidas ao exame de ultrassom.

Abstract Based on ethnographic studies conducted at public and private healthcare facilities in Rio de Janeiro, we argue that the dissemination of (bio)medicalization varies in accordance with the social stratum of the expectant mothers, thereby producing thoroughly distinct fetal and pregnant bodies, as well as different gestational processes. Starting from the basic premise that biomedicalization represents a transformation in the process of medicalization, characterized by the growing incorporation of technoscience into biomedicine, the observed universes displayed different stages in this transformation, consonant with the social stratification of the women who underwent the scans.

[Abortion itineraries in a clandestine context in the city of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil]. / Itinerários abortivos em contextos de clandestinidade na cidade do Rio de Janeiro-Brasil.

From a series of in-depth interviews, we gathered a significant amount of ethnographic material on the concrete and symbolic paths taken by young women and their partners in the search for a solution to an unplanned pregnancy. Inequities in Brazilian society are expressed in itineraries/routes of different sinuosity, complexity and duration according to the individuals' social and material conditions of existence. Thus, for middle class youths access to abortion is very swift and secure, whereas for the rest of women the decision to abort consists of efforts on different levels to achieve the undertaking. The narratives may assume dramatic proportions, including abortion even in advanced stages of pregnancy.

Itinerários abortivos em contextos de clandestinidade na cidade do Rio de Janeiro - Brasil / Abortion itineraries in a clandestine context in the city of Rio de Janeiro - Brazil

A partir de um conjunto de entrevistas em profundidade reuniu-se significativo material de cunho etnográfico sobre os percursos - concretos e simbólicos - de jovens mulheres e seus parceiros em busca de solução para uma gravidez imprevista. As iniquidades da sociedade brasileira se expressam em itinerários de maior ou menor sinuosidade, complexidade e duração de acordo com as condições materiais de existência e recursos sociais de que dispõem os sujeitos. Assim, para jovens de setores médios o acesso para a realização do aborto é ágil e bastante seguro, enquanto para as demais mulheres a decisão de abortar compõe-se de esforços em diferentes planos para a consecução do projeto. As narrativas podem assumir contornos dramáticos que configuram decisões de interrupção da gravidez mesmo em estágios avançados de gestação.

From a series of in-depth interviews, we gathered a significant amount of ethnographic material on the concrete and symbolic paths taken by young women and their partners in the search for a solution to an unplanned pregnancy. Inequities in Brazilian society are expressed in itineraries/routes of different sinuosity, complexity and duration according to the individuals' social and material conditions of existence. Thus, for middle class youths access to abortion is very swift and secure, whereas for the rest of women the decision to abort consists of efforts on different levels to achieve the undertaking. The narratives may assume dramatic proportions, including abortion even in advanced stages of pregnancy.

O campo da sexologia no Brasil: constituição e institucionalização / The field of sexology in Brazil: constitution and institutionalization

Neste artigo apresentamos e discutimos os resultados parciais da investigação sobre a constituição do campo da sexologia contemporânea no Brasil, parte da pesquisa comparativa "Sexualidade, ciência e profissão na América Latina". Uma segunda onda sexológica surgiu no Brasil em finais dos anos 1970 no Rio de Janeiro, com um viés essencialmente clínico, e em São Paulo, com um viés educacional. A década seguinte marcou um período de institucionalização no qual são criadas as duas associações que hoje polarizam o campo em torno de uma sexologia mais eclética e multiprofissional e da chamada "medicina sexual", em geral dominada pelos urologistas. Discutimos os significados dessa polarização em termos das disputas profissionais subjacentes e das concepções de gênero implicadas em tais disputas.

In this paper we present and discuss the preliminary results of an investigation on the constitution of the contemporary field of sexology in Brazil, which is part of the comparative research "Sexuality, science and profession in Latin America". A second sexology arose in Brazil in the late 70's in Rio de Janeiro, with an essentially clinical approach, and in São Paulo, with an educational approach. The following decade brought a period of institutionalization in which the two associations that nowadays dominate the sexological field were created. They represent the two main trends in modern sexology; a more eclectic and multiprofessional approach and the so-called "sexual medicine", dominated by urologists. We discuss the meanings of this polarization in terms of its underlying professional disputes and the gender assumptions implied in such disputes.

A política de atenção à saúde do homem no Brasil: os paradoxos da medicalização do corpo masculino / The Brazilian national policy for men's health: the paradoxical medicalization of masculinity

Este artigo trata do lançamento da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem pelo governo brasileiro, em 2008. Analisamos as ações da Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia (SBU) nos anos que precederam o lançamento dessa política, e sua atuação durante sua implantação, focalizada na caracterização da disfunção erétil como problema de saúde pública. Examinamos em seguida o documento "Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem (princípios e diretrizes)", disponibilizado pelo Ministério da Saúde em agosto de 2008. A partir desses dados, buscamos discutir o modo como o discurso dos especialistas (no caso, os médicos urologistas) se articula ao discurso militante dos movimentos sociais, tendo como objetivo a medicalização do corpo masculino. Argumentamos que tal objetivo, sustentado na afirmação do direito à saúde, implica a ideia de uma masculinidade em si "insalubre", e visa, ao contrário das políticas voltadas para as mulheres e outras minorias, ao "desempoderamento" do sujeito à qual se dirige.

This paper discusses the launching of the Brazilian National Policy on Men's Health in 2008. We analyze the actions of the Brazilian Society of Urology while the policy was being planned and during its implementation. These actions can be described as an effort to promote "erectile dysfunction" as a public health problem. We then present the main points of the document "National Policy for the Integral Assistance to Men's Health (principles and guidelines)" launched by the Ministry of Health in August 2008. Based on this data, we discuss the way the specialists' discourse was articulated to the political discourse of social movements, with the aim of medicalizing man's body. We argue that the Policy, using the right to health as its justification, implies the idea of masculinity as intrinsically unhealthy, and, unlike the policies aimed at women and other minorities, aims at the "disempowerment" of men.

As disfunções sexuais femininas no periódico Archives of Sexual Behavior / The female sexual dysfunctions in the Archives of Sexual Behavoir

Após o sucesso de vendas do Viagra, medicamento indicado para o tratamento da disfunção erétil, lançado em 1998, houve uma rápida proliferação de artigos, livros e encontros sobre as disfunções sexuais femininas. Desde 2000, um intenso debate sobre o envolvimento da indústria farmacêutica na produção biomédica sobre as disfunções sexuais femininas e a concomitante busca por um medicamento similar ao Viagra destinado às mulheres tem envolvido profissionais de diferentes disciplinas. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo investigar os discursos científicos sobre as disfunções sexuais femininas, através do exame dos artigos publicados no periódico Archives of Sexual Behavior, desde sua fundação, em 1971, até 2007. O periódico foi escolhido por sua legitimidade neste campo de saberes, por abranger um amplo período (36 anos) e seu caráter multidisciplinar. Pretendeu-se investigar quando, como e por quais grupos profissionais as disfunções sexuais femininas foram descritas e abordadas no periódico. No caso das chamadas disfunções sexuais, as descrições científicas, que vêm aumentando significativamente nos últimos anos, dão origem a prescrições de terapias, medicamentos, intervenções cirúrgicas, programas de educação sexual e políticas públicas. Ou seja, subjacente a esse discurso, que afirma ser empírico e imparcial, estão processos que se encontram muito além dos limites de um laboratório ou das atividades de um pesquisador. Buscou-se, assim, pensar a produção científica como produto de articulações e negociações que se desenrolam em esferas diversas, envolvendo processos culturais, sociais, econômicos e também cognitivos ou científicos, em contraposição às concepções que caracterizam a ciência como um projeto que apenas revela verdades...

After the sale success of Viagra, a medicament indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, which was launched in 1998, there was a fast proliferation of articles, books and meetings on female sexual dysfunctions. Since 2000, an intense debate about the involvement of the pharmaceutical industry in the biomedical production related to female sexual dysfunctions and the simultaneous search for a medicament similar to Viagra aimed to women has been involving professional from different areas. The goal of this dissertation was to investigate scientificdiscourses on female sexual dysfunctions through the analysis of articles published in the periodical Archives of Sexual Behavior, since its foundation in 1971 until 2007. The periodical was chosen due to its legitimacy in this field of knowledge, for covering a vast period (36 years)and for its multidisciplinary nature. The intention was to locate when, how and by which professional groups female sexual dysfunctions were described and dealt with in the periodical. In the case of the so-called sexual dysfunctions, scientific descriptions, which have beensignificantly increasing in recent years, originate therapeutic prescriptions, medicaments, chirurgical interventions, sexual education programs and public policies. That is, subjacent to thisdiscourse, which poses as empirical and impartial processes were found that reach quite beyond the limits of a lab or the activities of a researcher. Therefore, the aim was to think of the scientificproduction as a product of articulations and negotiations unfolded in diversified domains and involving cultural, social and economical processes, as well as cognitive and scientific ones, in contrast to the conceptions that characterize science as a project that only brings about the truth. For this, the context in which a science of sexuality emerged throughout the 19th Century waspresented, followed by the context in...