The relationship between received and perceived social support with ways of coping in nurses.

BACKGROUND: Stress is inevitable in the nursing profession, and ways of coping are one of the solutions to reduce stress. Social support is one of the influencing factors on coping strategies, but there is probably a difference between the effects of received or perceived social support on coping strategies. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the relationship between received and perceived social support with ways of coping in nurses. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study. The sample consisted of 292 nurses by simple random sampling. The data collection tool included Zimmet's multidimensional perceived social support scale, McCain and Marklin's perceived social support questionnaire, and Lazarus' ways of coping questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests in SPSS v.22. RESULTS: The results showed that received social support (ß= 0.20, p <  0.001) and perceived social support (ß= 0.35, p <  0.001) are able to explain changes in the dimension of seeking social support. Received social support (ß= 0.16, p = 0.005) and perceived social support (ß= 0.22, p <  0.001) are able to explain changes after positive reappraisal, but only received social support could explain changes in accepting responsibility (ß= 0.15, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study showed that received and perceived social support have a significant correlation with ways of coping, but only able to explain the changes in social support seeking dimensions, positive reappraisal, accepting responsibility. Both types of social support are necessary, but that received social support covered more adaptive coping strategies.

Workplace incivility and the professional quality of life in nurses.

BACKGROUND: Workplace Incivility is a common issue in the nursing profession. Nurses who are affected by such behaviors may experience distress. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the relationship between workplace incivility and nurses' professional quality of life. RESEARCH DESIGN: This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 2021 in "Tehran". Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Nursing Incivility Scale (NIS), and the Professional Quality Of Life scale (ProQOL). Data analysis was performed through the Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression, using the SPSS v.16. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: Participants were 200 nurses randomly recruited from selected hospitals of "TUMS". ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The study obtained research ethics approval and all participants were informed of the voluntary and anonymous nature of their participation. FINDINGS: The mean age of participants was 32.30 ± 7.22, and 76.5% were female. There was a significant correlation between the professional quality of life and workplace incivility (r = -0.23, p = .001). Multiple regression analysis between the subscales of workplace incivility and professional quality of life demonstrated that the incivility from the supervisor (ß = -0.29, p = .001) and incivility from patients (ß = -0.27, p < .001) can predict the compassion satisfaction dimension. The incivility from the supervisor (ß = 0.24, p = .001) and incivility from patients (ß = 0.26, p < .001) can explain burnout. The incivility of the patients can explain secondary traumatic stress (ß = 0.14, p = .02). CONCLUSION: This study showed that workplace incivility is significantly related to professional quality of life. Therefore, the reduction of behaviors of incivility can lead to the improvement of the professional quality of life.

Evaluating the Relationship between Nursing Care Quality and Hospital Anxiety and Depression among Old Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a prevalent condition among older adults' hospitalizations leading to psychological complications. Nursing care is the longest intervention the patient receives. This study evaluated the relationship between nursing care quality and anxiety and depression among old patients with CVD. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional correlational study that included 250 old patients with CVD admitted to an 'age-friendly hospital'. Using the convenience sampling method. The data collection tools included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Quality Patient Care Scale (QUALPACS). Data were collected through conducting interviews and analyzed in SPSS ver.13 via statistical tests such as correlation coefficients, independent t-test, and ANOVA. Results: Overall, 229 (91.6%) of patients received the desired nursing care quality. The mean (SD) scores for anxiety were 1.52 (1.14) and depression 2.18 (1.51), indicating a less than average hospital anxiety and depression. There was an inverse correlation between anxiety and nursing care quality. Conclusion: A combination of high-quality nursing care and clinical governance criteria in an age-friendly hospital can reduce anxiety in old patients.

Explaining the process of dealing with nursing errors in the emergency department: A grounded theory study.

BACKGROUND: Errors are among the factors threatening patient safety. It is essential to understand how to deal with nursing errors in the emergency department. Thus, the present study aimed to explain the process of dealing with nursing errors in the emergency department. METHOD: This qualitative study adopted Corbin and Strauss's (2008) grounded theory method. The data were collected by in-depth semi-structured interviews and field notes. Eighteen nurses, two doctors, and one patient companion participated in this study. The research setting was the emergency departments of five teaching hospitals in down tone of Tehran, Iran. The participants were selected by purposive sampling at first, and then by theoretical sampling. RESULTS: Following the data analysis, four main categories of "reality shock", "formulating a situational response", "reactive measure", and "progress or regress" were extracted. The data analysis showed that "formulating a situational response" is the core category of the process of dealing with errors among nurses in the study emergency departments. The first step in the process of dealing with errors in ED was the reality shock, then nurses entered the stage of formulating a situational response, after that they entered the stage of "reactive measure" and finally they entered the stage of progress or regress. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: After an error occurs in the emergency department, nurses experience four stages during the process of dealing with nursing errors. When dealing with an error, nurses think about protecting the patients. However, some contextual factors direct the nurses towards protecting themselves rather than the patient. The decision-makers in the healthcare system can modify these contextual factors, provide in-service training, develop anonymous reporting systems, and establish a positive support environment, thus directing the nurses towards supporting the patients (in addition to trying to protect oneself).

Investigating the relationship between organizational justice, job satisfaction, and intention to leave the nursing profession: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS: This study aims to test a hypothetical model linking various dimensions of organizational justice to the job satisfaction and nurses' intention to leave the profession based on the theoretical assumptions of the Alexander model of voluntary turnover. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. METHODS: This study was conducted on 317 inpatient ward nurses of six teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran during 1 September 2017-14 November 2018. Clinical nurses were recruited by a multistage random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires of organizational justice, job satisfaction, and nurses' intention to leave. Data were analysed by structural equation modelling using Amos 22 statistical program. RESULTS: The structural equation model demonstrated adequate fit and the hypothesized correlations were partially supported. The findings suggested that the distributive justice (p < .001; ß = 0.24) and interactional justice (p < .001; ß = 0.44) could indirectly affect the nurses' intention to leave the nursing profession via the direct impact on job satisfaction, while job satisfaction had a significant, negative effect on the nurses' intention to leave (p < .001; ß = -0.71). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, the model fit was acceptable, suggesting the validity of the final model. Furthermore, distributive and interactional justice could reduce the intention to leave the nursing profession by influencing the job satisfaction of the clinical nurses. IMPACT: This was one of the first studies to determine the aspects of justice that must be further emphasized by healthcare managers to increase the job satisfaction of nurses and their retention in healthcare systems. The findings indicated that fair interactions have a greater impact on job satisfaction and retention of nurses than procedural and distributive justice. The results of this study provide valuable references for nursing managers to increase the job satisfaction of nurses and their retention in healthcare settings.

Social well-being of Iranian retired men of the armed forces and their wives.

BACKGROUND: Social well-being is a major component of health, which was somehow neglected until the last few decades. The aim of this study was to determine the state of social well-being of Iranian retired men of the armed forces and their wives in the metropolis of Tehran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in Tehran, capital of Iran, in 2016. Three hundred retired men of the armed forces and their wives were selected by random sampling. We used the Social Well-Being Scale to collect data. We assessed its internal consistency and validity with Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis before using it. We used SPSS V.24 software to analyse the data via χ2, Pearson's correlation, t-test and analysis of variance. RESULTS: The mean age was 66.39±6.98 years; 60% were male. The findings revealed that retired men of the armed forces and their wives report a relatively modest degree of well-being. Social well-being of the participants was significantly related to their marital status (p=0.03), education (p=0.03), employment status (p<0.01), housing status (p<0.01), financial status (p<0.01) and health status (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The social well-being of retired men of the armed forces and their wives was moderate and was not different from each other, and it was related to housing ownership, employment, self-rated socioeconomic condition, education, good health and married status.

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale in community-dwelling older adults.

INTRODUCTION: The Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS) is used to measure social function and social motivation in depressed patients. There is little attention to social function in the treatment of depression. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of SASS (P-SASS) for older adults. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and methodological study. The participants were 550 community-dwelling older adults living in Tehran who were selected randomly from the primary health care centers. To assess the psychometric properties of SASS, we first did translation and cross-cultural adjustment on SASS and then used P-SASS and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) for gathering data. A number of analyses, including Pearson's correlation, exploratory factor analysis, and Cronbach's α, and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to manage the data with the IBM SPSS Statistics V.22. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 66.09±6.67 years, and 58.9% of them were male. The Cronbach's α was 0.97. The test-retest reliability correlation coefficient was 0.78. Principal component analysis showed that P-SASS consists of two components. P-SASS score showed a significant negative correlation with GDS (r=-0.91, P<0.01), which suggests good convergent validity. The P-SASS cutoff point was 28 (sensitivity: 0.97 and specificity: 0.94). CONCLUSION: P-SASS has good reliability and validity for older adults. So, it can be considered as an appropriate tool to evaluate the social function and social motivation of older persons with and without depression.

Effect of White Noise on Sleep in Patients Admitted to a Coronary Care.

INTRODUCTION: Sleep disorders are a common problem in patients in the critical care unit. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of white noise on the quality of sleep in patients admitted to the CCU. METHODS: The present study was single-blind, quasi-experimental study. A total of 60 patients were selected using the purposive sampling method. Quality of sleep was measured with PSQI on the first day in admission, then after three nights of admission without any intervention for control group and for the experimental group quality of sleep measured by white noise with intensity of 50-60 dB then Quality of sleep was measured with PSQI. Data were analyzed by SPSS 13 software. RESULTS: The average total sleep time in the control group before the study reached from 7.08 (0.8) to 4.75 (0.66) hours after three nights of hospitalization, while in the experimental group, no significant changes were seen in the average sleep hours (6.69 ± 0.84 vs. 6.92 ± 0.89, P = 0.15).The average minutes of sleep in the control group before the study reached from 12.66 (7.51) to 25.83 (11.75) minutes after a three- night stay, while in the experimental group, no significant changes were observed in the average sleep duration (12.16 ± 7.50 vs. 11 ±6. 07, P = 0.16). CONCLUSION: The use of white noise is recommended as a method for masking environmental noises, improving sleep, and maintaining sleep in the coronary care unit.

Family-Centered Education and Its Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis Short Running.

BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to treatment in patients undergoing hemodialysis leads to many complications, including death of the patient. OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of family-based training on common side-effects during dialysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The present randomized controlled trial study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis at hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from May 2012 to October 2012. Samples were randomly divided into two groups of patient-education (n = 30) and education of patient associated with an active member of the family (n = 30). Blood pressure, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, headaches and muscle cramps were followed with a check list and a questionnaire. The frequencies of the abovementioned complications at the mentioned intervals were recorded in three stages (before the intervention as well as two and four weeks after the intervention). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 16, with chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and independent t-test. RESULTS: The mean ages of the patients in patient-centered and the family-oriented groups were 47.41 ± 10.31 and 48.16 ± 9.21, respectively. The result showed that some of the variables such as chest pain (P = 0.50, P = 0.01), nausea (P = 0.50, P = 0.01), headache (P = 0.81, P = 0.016), and blood pressure (P = 0.91, P = 0.016) were statistically significant before and four weeks after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: According to the result of this study, the presence of families in a treatment plan could be essential to follow the treatment plan and subsequently reduced the complications of hemodialysis.

Futile care; concept analysis based on a hybrid model.

BACKGROUND: Making decision about what kind of caring is entitled as futile care requires the presentation of a clear definition of such caretaking. OBJECTIVE: To report an analysis of the concept of futile care. DESIGN: The analysis in this research was carried out through hybrid model in three stages. At the theoretical stage:  a review of the available literature. At the work-in-field stage: semi-structured interviews. SETTING: Data collection was on cancer unit and palliative care unit. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 7 participants were recruited in the study. The inclusion criteria were: having at least a bachelor's degree in nursing, having at least 5 years of experience in critical care or cancer units, and being willing to participate in the study. RESULTS: Three themes emerged: "low quality of life", "lack physiologic return to life" and "performing non-professional duties". CONCLUSION: Futile care consists giving clinical cares irrelevant to a nurse's job and giving cares through which the return of patient would be impossible both physiologically and qualitatively.