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INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Blepharochalasis is a rare eyelid condition that usually affects the upper eyelids and is characterized by persistent, painless edema. This article emphasizes how difficult it can be to diagnose blepharochalasis and how crucial it is to take it into account when making a differential diagnosis for recurrent eyelid swelling. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of surgical intervention and the limited effectiveness of medicinal therapy. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report features a 12-year-old kid who has experienced recurring swelling of the upper eyelid for the previous six years. This was eventually diagnosed as a rare condition called blepharochalasis, and treated with blepharoplasty. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: When nephrotic syndrome was first suspected, systemic involvement was ruled out by careful investigation. Upon physical examination, there was laxity of the eyelids and bilateral ptosis. Renal and liver function tests, among other laboratory testing, came back within normal ranges. The patient was sent to plastic surgery and had blepharoplasty. CONCLUSION: Blepharochalasis presents with recurrent eyelids swelling and is often misdiagnosed as other pathologies such as nephrotic syndrome. This case highlights the importance of clinical manifestation and management of blepharochalasis.
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BACKGROUND: The average age for menopause is 51 years, this is preceded by a transitional perimenopausal stage, with vasomotor symptoms, muscular and joint pain, lowered libido and disordered sleep, impacting on mental health. In some women, the quality of life is considerably affected. This remains under-reported. There is no national screening service, or specialised clinics for menopausal services available in primary care. AIM: We undertook a survey of women in primary care as part of a needs assessment to understand the prevalence of peri- and menopausal symptoms, women's knowledge of these symptoms, and available treatment options. METHOD: A questionnaire was sent to women aged 45-65 years registered with the practice. RESULTS: Of a total of 73 women, 78.1% complained of >4 symptoms. The most common symptoms were memory problems and brain fog (80.6%), sleep disturbance (72.1%) and muscle/joint pain (72.1%). Women were asked to rate their knowledge of therapy options on a self-reported scale of 0-10; a high proportion (64.3%) rated <4 points. They had better knowledge of symptoms, 79.3% rated >4 points. A high proportion (58.9%) rated inadequate support received from primary care and 75.3% felt they had no support at all. CONCLUSION: Our results of this preliminary study showed the vast majority of women were unaware of treatment options for their menopausal symptoms and felt they received inadequate to no support from primary care providers. The present ongoing study highlights lack of resource allocation to women's health and insufficient commissioning of services to address this health need.
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Menopausia , Evaluación de Necesidades , Atención Primaria de Salud , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Calidad de Vida , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/terapia , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Sofocos/terapia , ArtralgiaRESUMEN
Hybrid ionic fluids (HIFs) are one of the emerging and fascinating sustainable solvent media, a novel environment-friendly solvent for biomolecules. The HIFs have been synthesized by combining a deep eutectic solvent (DES), an ionic liquid (IL) having a common ion. The stability and activity of hen's egg white lysozyme (Lyz) in the presence of a recently designed new class of biocompatible solvents, HIFs have been explored by UV-visible, steady-state fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) along with dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. This work emphasizes the effect of DES synthesized by using 1:2 choline chloride and glycerol [Glyn], ILs (1-butly-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl and choline acetate [Chn][Ac]) and their corresponding HIFs on the structure and functionality of Lyz. Moving forward, we also studied the secondary structure, thermal stability and enzymatic activity and thermodynamic profile of Lyz at pH = 7 in the presence of varying concentrations (0.1 to 0.5) M of [BMIM]Cl, [Chn][Ac] ILs, [Glyn] DES and [Glyn][BMIM]Cl (hybrid ionic fluid1) as well as [Glyn][Chn][Ac] (hybrid ionic fluid2). Spectroscopic results elucidate that ILs affect the activity and structural stability of Lyz, whereas the stability and activity are increased by DES and are maintained by HIFs at all the studied concentrations. Overall, the experimental results studied elucidate expressly that the properties of Lyz are maintained in the presence of hybrid ionic fluid1 while these properties are intensified in hybrid ionic fluid2. This work has elucidated expressly biocompatible green solvents in protein stability and functionality due to the alluring properties of DES, which can counteract the negative effect of ILs in HIFs.
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Líquidos Iónicos , Muramidasa , Líquidos Iónicos/química , Muramidasa/química , Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos/química , Estabilidad de Enzimas , Animales , Colina/química , Termodinámica , Imidazoles/química , Glicerol/química , Solventes/química , Estructura Secundaria de Proteína , Concentración de Iones de HidrógenoRESUMEN
Hybrid ionic fluids (HIFs) are newly emerging and fascinating sustainable solvent media, which are attracting a great deal of scientific interest in protecting the native structure of proteins. For a few decades, there has been a demand to consider ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as biocompatible solvent media for enzymes; however, in some cases, these solvent media also show limitations. Therefore, this work focuses on synthesising novel HIFs to intensify the properties of existing ILs and DESs by mixing them. Herein, HIFs have been synthesised by the amalgamation of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and an ionic liquid (IL) with a common cation or anion. Later on, the stability and activity of hen's egg white lysozyme (Lyz) in the presence of biocompatible solvent media and HIFs were studied by various techniques such as UV-vis, steady-state fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. This work emphasises the effect of a DES (synthesised using 1 : 2 choline chloride and malonic acid) [Maline], ILs (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl or choline acetate [Chn][Ac]) and their corresponding HIFs on the structure and functionality of Lyz. Moreover, we also studied the secondary structure, thermal stability, enzymatic activity and thermodynamic profile of Lyz at pH = 7 in the presence of varying concentrations (0.1 to 0.5 M) of [BMIM]Cl and [Chn][Ac] ILs, Maline as a DES, and Maline [BMIM]Cl (HIF1) and Maline [Chn][Ac] (HIF2). Spectroscopic results elucidate that ILs affect the activity and structural stability of Lyz. In contrast, the stability and activity are inhibited by DES and are enhanced by HIFs at all the studied concentrations. Overall, the experimental results studied explicitly elucidate that the structure and stability of Lyz are maintained in the presence of HIF1 while these properties are intensified in HIF2. This study shows various applications in biocompatible green solvents, particularly in the stability and functionality of proteins, due to their unique combination where the properties counteract the negative effect of either DESs or ILs in HIFs.
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Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos , Estabilidad de Enzimas , Líquidos Iónicos , Muramidasa , Líquidos Iónicos/química , Muramidasa/química , Muramidasa/metabolismo , Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos/química , Solventes/química , Animales , Pollos , Colina/químicaRESUMEN
Water electrolysis is among the recent alternatives for generating clean fuels (hydrogen). It is an efficient way to produce pure hydrogen at a rapid pace with no unwanted by-products. Effective and cheap water-splitting electrocatalysts with enhanced activity, specificity, and stability are currently widely studied. In this regard, noble metal-free transition metal-based catalysts are of high interest. Iron sulfide (FeS) is one of the essential electrocatalysts for water splitting because of its unique structural and electrochemical features. This article discusses the significance of FeS and its nanocomposites as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and overall water splitting. FeS and its nanocomposites have been studied also for energy storage in the form of electrode materials in supercapacitors and lithium- (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The structural and electrochemical characteristics of FeS and its nanocomposites, as well as the synthesis processes, are discussed in this work. This discussion correlates these features with the requirements for electrocatalysts in overall water splitting and its associated reactions. As a result, this study provides a road map for researchers seeking economically viable, environmentally friendly, and efficient electrochemical materials in the fields of green energy production and storage.
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Heart failure, a growing concern in the United States, significantly impacts both morbidity and mortality. Classified by ejection fraction, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) now accounts for half of all cases and is steadily rising. Unlike its counterpart, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), HFpEF lacks clear management guidelines. Recognizing this critical gap, we aim to review existing recommendations and formulate effective management strategies for HFpEF.
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Since the commencement of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has resulted in millions of mortalities globally, the efforts to minimize the damages have equally been up to the task. One of those efforts includes the mass vaccine development initiative targeting the deadly Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). So far, vaccines have tremendously decreased the rate of transmission and infection in most parts of the world. However, the repeated resurgence of different types of mutated versions of the virus, also known as variants, has somehow created uncertainties about the efficacies of different types of vaccines. This review discusses some of the interesting SARS-CoV-2 features, including general structure, genomics, and mechanisms of variants development and their consequent immune escape. This review also focuses very briefly on antigenic drift, shift, and vaccine-developing platforms.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Eficacia de las Vacunas , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/inmunología , Mutación , Desarrollo de VacunasRESUMEN
Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is a transmembrane receptor involved in crucial signaling pathways associated with angiogenesis and vascular development. Inhibition of ALK1 signaling has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for various angiogenesis-related diseases, including cancer and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. This study aimed to investigate the potential of phytoconstituents as inhibitors of ALK1 using a combined approach of virtual screening and molecular dynamics (MDs) simulations. Phytoconstituents from the IMPPAT 2.0 database underwent virtual screening to identify potential inhibitors of ALK1. The compounds were initially filtered based on physicochemical parameters, following Lipinski's rules and the PAINS filter. Subsequently, compounds demonstrating high binding affinities in docking analysis were further analyzed. Additional assessments, including ADMET, PAINS, and PASS evaluations, were conducted to identify more potent hits. Through interaction analysis, a phytoconstituent, Candidine, exhibited appreciable affinity and specific interactions with the ALK1 active site. To validate the results, MD simulations and principal components analysis were performed. The MD simulations demonstrated that Candidine stabilized the ALK1 structure and reduced conformational fluctuations. In conclusion, Candidine shows promising potential as binding partners of ALK1. These findings provide a foundation for further exploration and development of Candidine as a lead molecule for therapeutic interventions targeting ALK1-associated diseases.
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Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Neoplasias , Humanos , Transducción de Señal , Simulación del Acoplamiento MolecularRESUMEN
The association between untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well known. In this literature review, we aim to review the existing literature on treatment effects of OSA and its impact on CVD morbidity and mortality, stratified by gender. We systematically reviewed PubMed, Medline, and Scopus per PRISMA guidelines and included 25 studies in the final review. Primary outcomes were CVD-associated morbidity and mortality. Out of 25 studies, 10 were meta-analysis, 8 observational, and 7 randomized controlled trials. The treatment modality was continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in 23 studies, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and oral appliance therapy in 2. Secondary prevention of CVD was the endpoint in 23 studies. A total of 165,775 participants between 45 and 75 years of age, 60%-90% males, and the average Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score was 5-9. CV outcomes included myocardial infarction, angina, heart failure (HF), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation (AF), and hypertension. In 4 studies, CPAP was associated with a reduction in CVD mortality, and 10 studies showed improvement in morbidity. Our review of literature did not show consistent benefits in CV outcomes in OSA patients. We identified many potential research areas, especially the lack of studies demonstrating dose-dependent effect of OSA treatment on CV outcomes, especially when stratified by severity of OSA and gender. Larger prospective studies with longer follow-up will be helpful to study these parameters.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/terapia , Morbilidad , Estudios Prospectivos , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/complicaciones , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/epidemiología , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/terapiaRESUMEN
Contemporary literature reveals a range of cardiac complications in patients who receive the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO). This study compared the adverse cardiac outcomes and procedural/technical success rates between the patients groups of in-stent (IS) CTO PCI and de novo CTO PCI. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared odds for primary (all-cause mortality, MACE, cardiac death post PCI, stroke) and secondary (bleeding requiring blood transfusion, ischemia-driven target-vessel revascularization, PCI procedural success, PCI technical success, and target-vessel MI) endpoints between 2734 patients who received PCI for IS CTO and 17,808 for de novo CTO. Odds ratios for outcome variables were calculated within 95% confidence intervals (CIs) via the Mantel-Haenszel method. The pooled analysis was undertaken for observational (retrospective/prospective) single- and multicentered studies published between January 2005 and December 2021. We found 57% higher, 166% higher, 129% higher, and 57% lower odds for MACE (OR: 1.57, 95% CI 1.31, 1.89, P < 0.001), ischemia-driven target-vessel revascularization (OR: 2.66, 95% CI 2.01, 3.53, P < 0.001), target-vessel myocardial infarction (MI) (OR: 2.29, 95% CI 1.70, 3.10, P < 0.001), and bleeding requiring blood transfusion (OR: 0.43, 95% CI 0.19, 1.00, Pâ¯=â¯0.05), respectively, in patients with IS CTO PCI as compared to that of the de novo CTO PCI. No statistically significant differences between the study groups were recorded for the other primary/secondary outcome variables. The findings from this study indicated a high predisposition for MACE, ischemia-driven target-vessel revascularization, target vessel MI, and a lower incidence of bleeding episodes among IS CTO PCI patients as compared to those with de novo CTO PCI. The prognostic outcomes in CTO PCI cases require further investigation with randomized controlled trials.
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Oclusión Coronaria , Infarto del Miocardio , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea , Humanos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Oclusión Coronaria/cirugía , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Stents/efectos adversos , Infarto del Miocardio/etiología , Enfermedad CrónicaRESUMEN
Various formulations consisting of biomaterials zirconium imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), choline acetate ([Ch][Ac]), and arginine hydrochloride (argHCl) are optimized to study the stability of antibody, Immunoglobulin G (IgG). We have performed several instrumentations including UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), circular dichroism (far UV CD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the presence of all the formulations to investigate the conformational and colloidal stability of the antibodies. Alongside, the packing efficiency of all the formulations was also explored by storing IgG at 4 °C for 3 months. We have tried to investigate the interactions between biomaterials and antibodies with the motive of designing aggregation-resistant formulations. The overall stability of IgG was improved in the presence of [Ch][Ac]; however, ZIF-8 and argHCl cause relatively more aggregation, although the structure was retained in all the formulations. The key aspect of this study is that the presence of [Ch][Ac] increases ZIF-8@IgG's thermal stability and resistance to IgG-argHCl aggregation. All over, for the first time, with different experimental approaches, the impact of each biomaterial individually and in combination is explored to study their effect on the stability of antibodies. Thus, better efficient formulations can be designed for the storage/packaging of IgG-based drugs which ultimately will have more applicability in pharmaceuticals.
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Líquidos Iónicos , Circonio , Composición de Medicamentos , Inmunoglobulina G/química , Conformación Proteica , Estabilidad ProteicaRESUMEN
Biologics have been emerging as promising therapies in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients who are refractory to conventional medical treatment. This literature review aims to appraise the existing evidence on the efficacy and safety of NICE approved biological therapies, of which there are currently five licensed drugs, available for the treatment of UC in adults. An initial search was performed using National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines. A further literature search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, Science Direct and Cochrane Library databases was done, resulting in a total of 62 studies being included in this review. Recent and seminal papers were included. Inclusion criteria for this review were adult participants and English papers only. In most studies, anti-tumour necrosis factor É (TNFÉ) naïve patients were found to have improved clinical outcomes. Infliximab was found to be highly effective in inducing short-term clinical response, clinical remission as well as mucosal healing. However, loss of response was common and dose escalation was often required for achievement of long-term efficacy. Adalimumab was found to have both short-term and long-term efficacy which was also supported by real-world data. Golimumab was shown to have comparable efficacy and safety profiles to other biologics, although lack of therapeutic dose monitoring and loss of response is a barrier to optimising golimumab treatment efficacy. Vedolizumab was shown to have higher clinical remission rates when compared to adalimumab in a head-to-head trial, and the most cost-effective biologic when calculating quality-adjusted life years. Ustekinumab was found to significantly improve clinical remission rates in UC patients who were previously unresponsive to other biological treatments. However, as this is a newly licensed drug, there is limited literature currently available. Further, head-to-head studies are required to help determine the optimal treatment for patients with UC. With patents expiring, the development of biosimilars will help to reduce costs and increase the availability of these drugs to patients.
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The sugar will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) members in Arabidopsis, AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 are the important sucrose efflux transporters that act synergistically to perform distinct physiological roles. These two transporters are involved in apoplasmic phloem loading, seed filling, and sugar level alteration at the site of pathogen infection. Here, we performed the structural analysis of the sucrose binding pocket of AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 using molecular docking followed by rigorous molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We observed that the sucrose molecule binds inside the central cavity and in the middle of the transmembrane (TM) region of AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12, that allows the alternate access to the sucrose molecule from either side of the membrane during transport. Both AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12, shares the similar amino acid residues that interact with sucrose molecule. Further, to achieve more insights on the role of these two transporters in other plant species, we did the phylogenetic and the in-silico analyses of AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 orthologs from 39 economically important plants. We reported the extensive information on the gene structure, protein domain and cis-acting regulatory elements of AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 orthologs from different plants. The cis-elements analysis indicates the involvement of AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 orthologs in plant development and also during abiotic and biotic stresses. Both in silico and in planta expression analysis indicated AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 are well-expressed in the Arabidopsis leaf tissues. However, the orthologs of AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 showed the differential expression pattern with high or no transcript expression in the leaf tissues of different plants. Overall, these results offer the new insights into the functions and regulation of AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 orthologs from different plant species. This might be helpful in conducting the future studies to understand the role of these two crucial transporters in Arabidopsis and other crop plants.
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Heart Failure (HF) and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) independently have significant impact on patients and the United States (US) health system. In the setting of the opioid epidemic, research on the effects of OUD on cardiovascular diseases is rapidly evolving. However, no study exists on differential outcomes of ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) in patients with HF with OUD. We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2018-2020 databases. Patients aged 18 years and above with diagnoses of HF with concomitant OUD were included. Patients were further classified into ICM and NICM. Primary outcome of interest was differences in all- cause in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcome was incidence of cardiogenic shock. We identified 99,810 hospitalizations that met inclusion criteria, ICM accounted for 27%. Mean age for ICM was higher compared to NICM (63 years vs 56 years, P < 0.01). Compared to NICM, patients with ICM had higher cardiovascular disease risk factors and comorbidities; type 2 diabetes mellitus (46.3 % vs 30.1%, P < 0.01), atrial fibrillation/flutter (33.5% vs 29.9%, P < 0.01), hyperlipidemia (52.5% vs 28.9%, P < 0.01), and Charlson comorbidity index ≥5 was 46.7% versus 29.7%, P < 0.01. After controlling for covariates and potential confounders, we observed higher odds of all-cause in-hospital mortality in patients with NICM (aORâ¯=â¯1.36; 95% CI:1.03-1.78, Pâ¯=â¯0.02). There was no statistical significant difference in incidence of cardiogenic shock between ICM and NICM (aORâ¯=â¯0.86;95% CI 0.70-1.07, Pâ¯=â¯0.18). In patients with HF with concomitant OUD, we found a 36% increase in odds of all-cause in-hospital mortality in patients with NICM compared to ICM despite being younger in age with less comorbidities. There was no difference in odds of in-hospital cardiogenic shock in this study population. This study contributes to the discussion of OUD and cardiovascular diseases which is rapidly developing and requires further prospective studies.
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Cardiomiopatías , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Isquemia Miocárdica , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Choque Cardiogénico/epidemiología , Choque Cardiogénico/etiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Cardiomiopatías/complicaciones , Cardiomiopatías/epidemiología , Cardiomiopatías/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/etiología , Isquemia Miocárdica/complicaciones , Isquemia Miocárdica/epidemiología , Isquemia Miocárdica/diagnóstico , Estudios Observacionales como AsuntoRESUMEN
Study objective: To assess temporal changes in clinical profile and in-hospital outcome of patients with amyloidosis presenting with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, NSTEMI. Design/setting: We conducted a retrospective observational study using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020. Main outcomes: Primary outcome of interest was trend in adjusted in-hospital mortality in patients with amyloidosis presenting with NSTEMI from 2010 to 2020. Our secondary outcomes were trend in rate of coronary revascularization, and trend in duration of hospitalization. Results: We identified 272,896 hospitalizations for amyloidosis. There was a temporal increase in incidence of NSTEMI among patients aged 18-44 years from 15.5 % to 28.0 %, a reverse trend was observed in 45-64 years: 22.1 % to 17.7 %, p = 0.043. There was no statistically significant difference in rate of coronary revascularization from 2010 to 2020; 16.3 % to 14.2 %, p = 0.86. We observed an increased odds of all-cause in-hospital mortality in patients with NSTEMI compared to those without NSTEMI (aOR = 2.2, 95 % CI: 1.9-2.6, p < 0.001) but there was a decrease trend in mortality from 21.5 % to 11.3 %, p = 0.013 for trend. Hospitalization duration was also observed to decreased from 14.1 days to 10.9 days during the study period (p = 0.055 for trend). Conclusion: In patients with amyloidosis presenting with NSTEMI, there was increased incidence of NSTEMI among young adults, a steady trend in coronary revascularization, and a decreasing trend of adjusted all-cause in-hospital mortality and length of hospitalization from 2010 to 2020 in the United States.
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Bacopa monnieri has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine, alone or in combination with other herbs, as a memory and learning enhancer, sedative, and anti-epileptic. This review aimed to highlight the health benefits of B. monnieri extracts (BME), focusing on anti-cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. We examined the clinical studies on phytochemistry and pharmacological application of BME. We further highlighted the mechanism of action of these extracts in varying types of cancer and their therapeutic implications. In addition, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism in therapeutic interventions, toxicities, safety concerns and synergistic potential in cognition and neuroprotection. Overall, this review provides deeper insights into the therapeutic implications of Brahmi as a lead formulation for treating neurological disorders and exerting cognitive-enhancing effects.
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Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is considered to be the most unpleasant experience associated with surgery and is believed to be one of the most common reasons for poor patient satisfaction in the postoperative period. It also results in prolonged hospitalization and increased use of resources such as intravenous fluids and drug supplements along with prolonged medical attention, all of which have psychological and financial implications. In addition to this, PONV can result in aspiration, laryngospasm, dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, gastric bleeding, increased intracranial pressure, increased intraocular pressure, and wound dehiscence particularly when the surgical intervention is performed through an intraoral approach. It is a well-known fact that there are many etiological factors as well as predisposing factors for PONV. Hence, this review is intended to evaluate as an individual factor what the role was played by the anesthetic agents used for GA in the incidence of PONV.
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Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) is a well-known perennial, creeping herb of the Indian Ayurveda system; it contains numerous bioactive phytoconstituents implicated in the therapeutic management of several life-threatening diseases. This herb was used by Ancient Vedic scholars due to its pharmacological effect, especially as a nerve tonic and nootropic booster. However, to better understand the roles of Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) in neurological disorders and memory-related diseases, it is necessary to understand its active phytochemical constituents and their molecular mechanisms. Several clinical studies suggested that BME have neuroprotective effects, making it worth revising a notable herb. Here we investigated the contours of BME's phytochemistry and pharmacological features, focusing on neuronal disorders. We further analyzed the underlying molecular mechanisms in therapeutic intervention. Various clinical concerns and synergistic potential of BME were explored for their effective use in cognition and neuroprotection. The generation of reactive oxygen species increases neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity and is associated with Tau and amyloid-beta (Aß) aggregation, leading to a neurological disorder. Our findings provide deeper mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective roles of BME, which can be further implicated in the therapeutic management of neurological disorders and exerting cognitive-enhancing effects.
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Bacopa/química , Medicina Ayurvédica , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Trastornos de la Memoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Neuroprotección , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 are central players in phloem loading and long-distance sucrose translocation. During drought stress, these transporters enhance sucrose transport from shoot to root, increasing root proliferation. Chen et al. have now unravelled novel aspects of sucrose transport regulation, occurring via AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 phosphorylation and oligomerisation.
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Floema , Sacarosa , Transporte Biológico , Sequías , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/metabolismo , Floema/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mutation in Vangl1 gene in patients of myelomeningocele. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to December 2017 in the Dow Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Karachi, after approval from the ethics review committee of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised clinically diagnosed infants and 10 healthy individuals from the outpatient department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Several anatomical parameters were considered, such as size and site of the cyst. Blood samples were drawn and polymerase chain reaction was conducted for the identification of mutation in Vangl1 gene. Mutation analysis was carried out by aligning the sequence with the reference sequence. RESULTS: Of the 60 subjects, 50(83.3%) were cases with age range 0-10 years, and 10(16.6%) were age matched controls. Majority of the patients 44 (88%) were aged <1 year. Novel mutation in Vangl1 gene was identified at position 239, showing the substitution of valine with glycineV239G. Lumbar region was the most common site for the presentation of myelomeningocele in most of the patients 46(92%). CONCLUSIONS: The rare mutation of myelomeningocele was found present in the sample, and the disease was found mostly in the lumbar region.