Perfil de pacientes com diagnóstico patológico de mieloma múltiplo em hospital de ensino / Profile of patients with multiple myeloma pathological diagnosis in a tea-ching hospital

Introdução: Plasmocitoma é um tumor maligno, originado da proliferação irreversível e autônoma dos plasmócitos, podendo se apresentar como massa circunscrita ou infiltração difusa. Quando há mais de um tumor de células plasmáticas, ocorre o chamado Mieloma Múltiplo. Essa neoplasia maligna de células B apresenta produção exagerada de uma das imunoglobulinas de cadeias leves Kappa ou Lambda. Objetivo: Avaliar possíveis associações entre dados epidemiológicos e a carga tumoral em pacientes com Mieloma Múltiplo. Material eMétodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo, descritivo, realizado em prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com Mieloma Múltiplo no Laboratório de Patologia do Hospital de Base do município de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, entre 2010 e 2014. Foram consideradas as variáveis: sexo, idade, presença de cadeia leve (Kappa, Lambda, ambas e não especificada), carga tumoral (leve, moderada e acentuada). Resultados:Analisamos 42 laudos de pacientes diagnosticados com Mieloma Múltiplo, sendo que 69% dos pacientes apresentaram idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, presença de imunoglobulina de cadeia leve Kappa em 59% e carga tumoral acentuada em 67% dos casos. Em relação ao sexo, observamos que o nível de carga tumoral acentuada ocorreu de maneira similar entre homens e mulheres. As mulheres diagnosticadas com carga tumoral leve ou moderada configuraram 71% dos pacientes, do estudo. Conclusão: A idade e sexo não constituem fator de risco para o Mieloma Múltiplo na amostragem avaliada, este fato pode estar relacionado ao tamanho amostral.

Introduction: Plasmocytoma is a malignant tumor, originated from the irreversible and autonomous proliferation of the plasmacytes, being able to present as circumscribed mass or diffuse infiltration. When there is more than one plasma cell tumor, the so-called Multiple Myelomas occurs. This malignant B cell neoplasm exhibits overproduction of one of the Kappa or Lambda light chain. Objective: To evaluate possible ssociation of epidemiological data with tumor burden in patients with multiple myelomas. Patients and Methods:It is a cross-sectional study conducted with medical records of patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma by the Pathology Laboratory in Hospital de Base in the city of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, between 2010 and 2014. We considered the variables gender, age, light chain presence (Kappa, Lambda, both and unspecified), and tumor burden (mild, moderate or severe). Results: We analyzed 42 medical records of patients diagnosed with multiple myelomas. Of these, 69% of patients were aged 60 and over. Immunoglobulin Kappa light chain was found in 59% patients, and severe tumor burden in 67% of them. Regarding sex, we observed that severe tumor burden level occurred in a similar manner in men and women, without significant associations. Women diagnosed with mild to moderate tumor burden corresponded to 71% of patients, but no significant association was found. Conclusion: Age and sex were not a risk factor for multiple myelomas in this evaluated sample. This may be due to the sample size evaluated.

Expression of annexin-A1 and galectin-1 anti-inflammatory proteins and mRNA in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The anti-inflammatory proteins annexin-A1 and galectin-1 have been associated with tumor progression. This scenario prompted us to investigate the relationship between the gene and protein expression of annexin-A1 (ANXA1/AnxA1) and galectin-1 (LGALS1/Gal-1) in an inflammatory gastric lesion as chronic gastritis (CG) and gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) and its association with H. pylori infection. METHODS: We analyzed 40 samples of CG, 20 of GA, and 10 of normal mucosa (C) by the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technique and the immunohistochemistry assay. RESULTS: High ANXA1 mRNA expression levels were observed in 90% (36/40) of CG cases (mean relative quantification RQ = 4.26 ± 2.03) and in 80% (16/20) of GA cases (mean RQ = 4.38 ± 4.77). However, LGALS1 mRNA levels were high (mean RQ = 2.44 ± 3.26) in 60% (12/20) of the GA cases, while low expression was found in CG (mean RQ = 0.43 ± 3.13; P < 0.01). Normal mucosa showed modest immunoreactivity in stroma but not in epithelium, while stroma and epithelium displayed an intense immunostaining in CG and GA for both proteins. CONCLUSION: These results have provided evidence that galectin-1 and mainly annexin-A1 are overexpressed in both gastritis and gastric cancer, suggesting a strong association of these proteins with chronic gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis.