[Non-traditional view on traditional risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in seniors.]

The article reveals little-known scientific data on the traditional risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in relation to social groups of the elderly, old people and centenarians. Some of metabolism associated signs of ageing are considering. In the article some biochemical markers in seniors are evaluated (lipids, fibrinogen, uric acid etc.). Some particularities about atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries in seniors are discovering, as well as relationships between coronary heart disease (CHD) and fatty liver degeneration. One more topic of the article is the lipid spectrum characteristics in senior patients with different types of heart diseases and psychological features and behavioral personality types of the seniors with cardiovascular pathology. Special attention payed on so-called preventive paradox in men older than 60 years with different forms of CHD, when the influence of traditional risk factors is critically decreased, and as important prognostic factors low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduced APO-A1, an increasing of APO-B/APO-A1 ratio and low physical activity play a significant role.

[Clinical aspects of asymptomatic arrhythmia in elderly patients with left breast cancer at the stage of radiation therapy.]

Insufficient knowledge age peculiarities of the clinical course of cardiac arrhythmias occurring asymptomatically as a manifestation of cardiotoxicity in women with breast cancer at the stage of radiation therapy, determines the high demand for research on this problem. The aim of the study was to identify and evaluate asymptomatic cardiac arrhythmias in elderly women with left breast cancer at the stage of radiation therapy. 48 women without a history of severe cardiovascular disease with HER2neu negative cancer of the left breast at the stage of 3D conformal radiotherapy were examined. Mean age 67 (64; 69). All patients at the previous stages were carried out mastectomy Madden followed by therapy with doxorubicin. The examination included ECG registration, 24-hour ECG monitoring and echocardiography. Before radiation therapy, asymptomatic arrhythmias were detected in 43 (89,6%) patients. After radiation therapy significantly increased the number of pathological supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias as a manifestation of cardiotoxicity.

[Modern anti-thrombotic drugs, accompanied by percutaneous coronary intervention in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram in patients of older age groups].

In the review published data on what modern antithrombotic drugs are used to support percutaneous coronary intervention in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram in patients of older age groups. It was shown the effectiveness and safety of new pharmacological combinations using both anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents as in patients with acute coronary syndrome in elderly. It was highlighted also the need to find new combinations of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, to improve the prognosis in elderly persons subjected to percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ACS.

[Structural and functional changes of external and intracranial arteries in elderly patients of different ethnic groups with ischemic heart disease].

The present article discusses the problem of structural and functional changes in extra-and intracranial arteries in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease (CHD) belonging to different ethnic groups before the upcoming coronary arteriography research and planned operative intervention. We examined 120 elderly patients with ischemic heart disease, including 50 patients of Korean nationality and 70 patients of Slavic ethnicity. Average values of IMT of the right and left CCA patients of South Asian group were significantly lower than those of Slavic ethnicity. Elderly patients with CHD the violation of cerebral circulation were due to atherosclerotic lesions of the extracranial vessels and local hemodynamic disturbances in their area of pathological tortuosity. Korean ethnicity elderly patients with CHD were observed more pronounced signs of stenosis and deformation of the main arteries of the neck, as well as lower collateral reserve of cerebral circulation.

[Evaluation of effectiveness of cardiologic educational program for elderly patients with heart failure].

This study determines the role of educational programs in the elderly with heart failure outpatients' treatment. 86 elder patients with chronic heart failure NYHA functional class II were investigated. Age features of the use of educational programs are presented. The study shows that using the educational programs makes positive impact on clinical and functional condition, anxiety and quality of life of patients by increasing the adherence to therapy.

[All-cause mortality among men of elderly and senile age depending on day of week, a season and changing to daylight saving time for a 13-year period].

To study the all-cause mortality among men of elderly and senile age depending on day of week, month of year, a season, changing to daylight saving time, prospective supervision over 1067 men of 60 years and upward for a 13-year period was conducted. The all-cause mortality depending on transition into daylight saving time was counted for March and October and compared to indicators of April and November accordingly. The all-cause mortality rate had made 1668,5 on 1000. This indicator in January (177.9 per 1000) and August (175.2 per 1000) was higher, than in November (102.4 per 1000; p < 0.05). Dependence of all-cause mortality rate on day of week, a season, changing to daylight saving time was not revealed. The analysis of all-cause mortality rate on days of week in various seasons has revealed that in autumn the greatest all-cause mortality rate was observed on Sunday (83.6 per 1000), the least--on Monday (35.0 per 1000). Besides, on Monday the greatest all-cause mortality rate was observed in winter (35.5%, or 72.8 per 1000), and the least one--in autumn (17.1%, or 35.0 per 1000). During other moments of supervision statically significant distinctions were not revealed.

[Survival rate of older men in dependence of QT corrected interval duration].

The survival rate of 724 men of 60 years and upward in dependence of duration QT corrected interval was studied. To smooth the age influence on survival rate, the groups with various QTc values were leveled by age. The survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) analysis was made among 228 persons. Men aged 60 years and upward were not observed the prolongation of OTc with age increase. The survival rate of these men depended on QTc duration: if QTc was 380-409 ms the survival rate was better than in cases OTc > or = 410 ms (p < 0.006). The relative risk of a fatal outcome in men with QTc duration > or = 410 ms was 1,6 times more than in men with QTc duration 380-409 ms (95 % CI 1.1-2.3).

[Coronarography in coronary heart disease in elderly patients of behavioral type A].

177 patients aged 32 to 74 years with CHD were examined. The data on angiographic situation and connection between the condition of coronary arteries and behavioral singularity of old-aged CHD patients of different behavioral types are revealed. The results of angiographic examination of heart vessels in old-aged CHD patients of behavioral type A are shown.

[Ischemic heart disease in elderly patients of behavioral type A (psychosocial and clinic functional changes, possibilities for correction)].

833 patients aged 32 to 74 years who had coronary heart disease (CHD) were examined. Psychosocial and clinicofunctional features typical for elderly people of behavioral type A and with diagnosed CHD and ways for treatment optimization and disease prophylaxis are being under consideration. We studied the clinical efficiency and influence of Anaprilin, Metoprolol, Phenazepam, non-medical methods on psychoendocrine parameters in CHD elderly patients with behavioral type A. In addition to positive changes in the anginal syndrome sleep, decreases in hot temper, irritability, anxiety, phobic manifestations, hypochondrial trends, and neurotic asthenization, increased working and social orientation were improved. During Anaprilin, Metoprolol, Phenazepam therapy, cardialgias reduced or disappered, the incidence of arrhythmia decreased. There was a reduction in the personality profile in the neurotic triad and psychoasthenia scales, the reactive anxiety diminished significantly, and levels of aldosterone, cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine in the blood decreased. Thus, supplementation of Anapriline, Metoprolol, Phenazepam to the combined therapy for patients with CHD of behavioral type A positively effected to the clinical course of the disease. Configuration of the personality profile was leveled in patients with CHD of coronary type, signs of behavioral type A decreased.

[Specific features, problems, and prospects of myocardial revascularization in elderly and aged patients].

Last years the progress in development and improvement of coronary surgery and angioplasty, with shunting with patients of elderly and senile age, has been observed in the Russian Federation. This is connected, in the first place, with the progress in timely diagnostics of coronary artery disease, development of surgical equipment, anaesthesiology and resuscitation, introduction of new methods of intra-operative protection of myocardium, development and active use of modern methods of treatment of patients before and after the operation. However despite the versatility of existing scientific schools and literary sources covering this problem, the discussions on indications and contraindications to active surgical treatment of coronary artery disease with the patients of the given age group still continue. A great number of specialists in the field of cardiology and cardiosurgery do not tackle the solution of these problems as based on age-specific morphological and functional changes of the cardiovascular system.

[Psychosomatic aspects of therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease of behavioral type A]. / Psikhosomaticheskie aspekty lecheniia bol'nykh IBS s povedencheskim tipom A.

Forty-five patients aged 34 to 67 years who had coronary heart disease (CHD) were examined. Anaprilin was given in a dose of up to 120 mg daily. Concurrently with positive changes in the anginal syndrome there were improved sleep, decreases in hot temper, irritability, anxiety, phobic manifestations, hypochondrical trends, and neurotic asthenization, increased working and social orientation. During anaprilin therapy, cardialgias reduced or disappeared, the incidence of arrhythmia decreased. There was a reduction in the personality profile in the scales "neurotic triad" and "psychoasthenia", significantly diminished reactive anxiety, and a decrease in the blood levels of aldosterone, cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine. Thus, supplementation of anapriline to the combined therapy for patients with CHD of behavioral type A (BTA) positive affected the clinical course of the disease. Hormonal disorders in BTA CHA may be eliminated by anaprilin. Configuration of the personality profile was leveled in patients with CHA of "coronary" type.

[Organization of spinal subpial plexus in man and various animals]. / Organizatsiia subpial'nogo spleteniia spinnogo mozga cheloveka i nekotorykh zhivotnykh.

By means of silver nitrate impregnation and luminescent method adrenergic nervous plexuses in spinal cord of 7 people, 6 dogs, 4 cows and 7 rabbits was studied. 17 serial slices of human and rabbit embryos were also examined. Numerous branching and brightly luminescent adrenergic nerve endings were discovered in composition of nervous plexus of spinal cord subpial layer in man and in animals. They should be thought of as sympathetic endings exerting adaptational and trophic influence on adjacent structures and partly penetrating substantia alba of the spinal cord. These observations broaden the existing conceptions on receptory and effectory neuronal processes on the spinal cord surface.

[Subpial nerve plexus in the dog spinal cord]. / Subpial'noe nervnoe spletenie spinnogo mozga sobaki.

Spinal cord of 10 mature dogs and 5 pups were studied using silver nitrate impregnation and staining after Nissl, Van-Gieson and hematoxylin-eosin. Subpial neuronal layer representing a plexus of non-myelinated and single myelinated nerve fibres and also single neurons and their accumulations was distinguished throughout the whole spinal cord length. Relatively even segmentary distribution of neurons in the subpial plexus was observed in pups. In mature animals neurons of subpial neuronal layer were accumulated predominantly at the level of cervical thickening (3-6 neurons) and less in lumbar thickening (2-4 neurons). In newborns and adult animals maximal neuronal number was found in the subpial layer located on dorsolateral surface of the spinal cord substantiaa alba.