RESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the variability and severity of sleep disorders in people of the Republic of Tatarstan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A continuous survey using a questionnaire based on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), sleep apnea risk scale, restless leg syndrome scale was performed. The survey was conducted in a random sample of people (n=1156). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A high level of sleep disorders associated with anxiety disorders and comorbid pathologies was shown. Low awareness of patients about methods of tretament sleep disorders and a trend to self-medication (mostly using benzodiazepine drugs) were revealed.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome de las Piernas Inquietas/epidemiología , Síndromes de la Apnea del Sueño/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Tatarstán/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
We studied the effects of cytokine LIF on in vitro development of 2-cell mouse embryos to the late blastocyst stage. LIF at 10 ng/ml enhanced the blastocyst formation and hatching from zona pellucida. When blastocysts were cultivated in a medium with LIF for a longer time, the trophoblast adhesive properties and proliferative activity were enhanced. In the presence of this cytokine, the trophoblast cells were attached to the substrate surface and fulfill the function of a sublayer for growth of the inner cell mass colonies with a high activity of endogenous alkaline phosphatase. Expression of LIF was detected in the oviduct and uterus epithelial tissues from day 1 until day 4 of pregnancy, thus suggesting its involvement in early development. According to the data of cultivation, cytokine LIF enhanced the adhesive properties and functional activity of the trophoblast cells, which is essential for implantation of blastocysts in the uterus.