RESUMEN
In copper alloys production, workers engaged into the process are exposed to occupational hazards with leading one being high-dispersed dust of complex chemical composition. The workers of main occupations demonstrate increased prevalence of respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, peripheral nervous system disorders - that necessitates implementation of complex measures both in improvement of work conditions and in medical prophylaxis.
Asunto(s)
Aleaciones , Cobre , Metalurgia , Salud Laboral/normas , Medicina del Trabajo/métodos , Lugar de Trabajo/normas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The authors suggest to supplement a method evaluating individual occupational risk with tree blocks of occupational and non-occupational risk factors: index of sanitary legislation requirements fulfilment according to experts evaluation; lifestyle index with individual biologic and behavioral risk factors consideration; index of social well-being, considering social economic and social psychologic risk factors at workplace.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Enfermedades Profesionales , Exposición Profesional , Salud Laboral/normas , Lugar de Trabajo/normas , Humanos , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Factores de Riesgo , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
On the basis of individual occupational fluoride loads (IOFN) it was established that under current levels of air pollution of the working area by fluorine compounds, occupational fluorosis can occur in mostly sensitive workers with 66 or more years of accumulated period of work, while the most vulnerable are workers with of 9.4 or more years of accumulated period of work. The results obtained in comparison of clinical data with individual fluoride load, testify that in the high-risk group for the development of occupational fluoride intoxication include workers with an average accumulated period of work of 10.5 years or more and Individual Occupational Fluoride Load (IOFL) as 67,7 or more grams. In the high-risk group there are included workers with an average accumulated period ofwork of 13.7 years and IOFL as 89.8 grams or more. With the use of ultrasound densitometry there was revealed a clear cut dynamics of the increase of the speed of ultrasonic wave with the rise in the accumulated period of work at the plant, which indicates to a gradual increase in bone tissue density.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/envenenamiento , Intoxicación por Flúor/etiología , Compuestos de Flúor/envenenamiento , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Adulto , Enfermedad Crónica , Intoxicación por Flúor/epidemiología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Incidencia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Federación de Rusia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
This study is devoted to the practice of the application of the current legislative regulatory and procedural base for the occupational health and safety issues. The issues of the occupational risks assessment at the enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region are discussed Approaches to the creation of the occupational risk management and assessment systems are proposed.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Salud Laboral , Medicina del Trabajo/métodos , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Gestión de Riesgos/organización & administración , Humanos , Incidencia , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Federación de Rusia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Hygienic evaluation covered work conditions of main occupations in ferroalloys production on a plant in Ural regions. The occupations are: ferroalloy furnace operator, ferroalloy furnace worker and crane operator. The findings proved that the workers are exposed to a complex of occupational hazards among which dust and unfavorable microclimate play major role. At the enterprise, occupational dust disease cases (silicosis from exposure to silicon-containing dust) are registered, with average development duration of 28.7 +/- 6.2 years.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire , Aleaciones/química , Hierro/química , Metalurgia , Salud Laboral/normas , Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/análisis , Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/toxicidad , Cromo/química , Polvo/análisis , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Profesionales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Federación de Rusia , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Lugar de Trabajo/normasRESUMEN
The research purpose is an estimation of influence of the bauxite dust on the state of the bronchopulmonary system of workers. It has been indicated that exposure of the poor fibrogenic dust while the process of the bauxite ore extraction, results in development of pnevmokoniosis characterized by substantial ventilatory and haemodynamic disorders limiting the workability of patients.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/efectos adversos , Óxido de Aluminio/efectos adversos , Minería , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Neumoconiosis/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Minería/normas , Neumoconiosis/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Recursos HumanosRESUMEN
In this study the data of multiyear investigations of occupational and environmental hazards at different enterprises of the Russian aluminum industry are presented. Basing on these data, we have been elaborated the algorithm and methodological approaches on management of the occupational and ecology-related risks using hygienic safety criteria, risk evaluation technique, epidemiological and economic analysis.
Asunto(s)
Aluminio , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Fluoruros , Enfermedades Profesionales , Exposición Profesional , Administración de la Seguridad/organización & administración , Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/toxicidad , Aluminio/análisis , Aluminio/toxicidad , Códigos de Edificación/normas , Industria Química/normas , Costos y Análisis de Costo , Monitoreo del Ambiente/economía , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Fluoruros/análisis , Fluoruros/toxicidad , Humanos , Materiales Manufacturados/análisis , Materiales Manufacturados/toxicidad , Enfermedades Profesionales/clasificación , Enfermedades Profesionales/economía , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Exposición Profesional/prevención & control , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Valores Limites del UmbralRESUMEN
Sverdlovsk regional government specified and approved a concept of diversified system "Occupational medicine" to preserve and improve health of workers in Sverdlovsk region. Implementation of the concept enables to put new organizational approaches into practice for improved management of available medical care for all workers, for increased quality of this care, for better clinical work and better health of economically active population in Sverdlovsk region.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Organizacionales , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Medicina del Trabajo/organización & administración , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Humanos , Morbilidad/tendencias , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Siberia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The multidisciplinary harmonized "Occupational Medicine" system established in the Sverdlovsk Region makes it possible, firstly, to analyze and assess occupational risks at both the regional and municipal levels; secondly, at each of the above level, to take specific managerial decisions including the packages of organizational, informational, preventive, and other measures to minimize risks on the cost-benefit basis.
Asunto(s)
Promoción de la Salud , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Servicios de Salud del Trabajador/organización & administración , Gestión de Riesgos , Áreas de Influencia de Salud , Humanos , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
Certification of workplaces according to work conditions could be a powerful tool in analysis, assessment and management of occupational risk. Drawbacks in legal regulation however do not motivate employers to complete certification process, and some, as we consider, disputable points in major legal document regulating certification of workplaces prevent from using the certification results for setting the occupational risks, insurance payments and for solving other problems declared by current "Regulations for procedure of workplaces certification on work conditions".
Asunto(s)
Certificación/legislación & jurisprudencia , Salud Laboral , Lugar de Trabajo/legislación & jurisprudencia , Lugar de Trabajo/normas , Humanos , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The authors present general characteristics of nonferrous metals alloys production: work conditions, health state of workers, main directions to make healthier work conditions.
Asunto(s)
Industrias , Metales , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Servicios de Salud del Trabajador/organización & administración , Áreas de Influencia de Salud , Humanos , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The paper presents the results of experiments to examine the effects of zinc and copper on some indices of the total toxic and specific action of lead. Experiments were conducted on non-inbred albino rats intraperitoneally given the acetates of lead and zinc, as well as copper sulfate alone and in combination with the acetates. Antagonism is a determining type of combined effects of the binary mixtures lead-copper and lead-zinc upon acute and subacute exposures.
Asunto(s)
Sulfato de Cobre/toxicidad , Cobre/toxicidad , Plomo/toxicidad , Compuestos Organometálicos/toxicidad , Acetato de Zinc/toxicidad , Zinc/toxicidad , Animales , Cobre/administración & dosificación , Sulfato de Cobre/administración & dosificación , Antagonismo de Drogas , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Compuestos Organometálicos/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Pruebas de Toxicidad , Zinc/administración & dosificación , Acetato de Zinc/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Character and intensity of metabolic, functional and morphologic changes in subchronic combined action of lead and zinc, especially lead and copper result from their antagonism. Based on experimental data, the authors recommend that, considering industries with "lead-copper" or "lead-zinc" combinations in air, sanitary surveillance should use the same MACs as for the isolated metals.