How far has the globe gone in achieving One Health? Current evidence and policy implications based on global One Health index.

Background: In the 21st century, as globalization accelerates and global public health crises occur, the One Health approach, guided by the holistic thinking of human-animal-environment and emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration to address global health issues, has been strongly advocated by the international community. An immediate requirement exists for the creation of an assessment tool to foster One Health initiatives on both global and national scales. Methods: Built upon extensive expert consultations and dialogues, this follow-up study enhances the 2022 global One Health index (GOHI) indicator system. The GOHI framework is enriched by covering three indices, e.g. external drivers index (EDI), intrinsic drivers index (IDI), and core drivers index (CDI). The comprehensive indicator system incorporates 13 key indicators, 50 indicators, and 170 sub I-indicators, utilizing a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to ascertain the weight for each indicator. Weighted and summed, the EDI, IDI, and CDI scores contribute to the computation of the overall GOHI 2022 score. By comparing the ranking and the overall scores among the seven regions and across 160 countries/territories, we have not only derived an overall profile of the GOHI 2022 scores, but also assessed the GOHI framework. We also compared rankings of indicators and sub I-indicators to provide greater clarity on the strengths and weaknesses of each region within the One Health domains. Results: The GOHI 2022 performance reveals significant disparities between countries/territories ranged from 39.03 to 70.61. The global average score of the GOHI 2022 is 54.82. The average score for EDI, IDI, and CDI are 46.57, 58.01, and 57.25, respectively. In terms of global rankings, countries from North America, Europe and Central Asia, East Asia and Pacific present higher scores. In terms of One Health domains of CDI, the lowest scores are observed in antimicrobial resistance (median: 43.09), followed by food security (median: 53.78), governance (median: 54.77), climate change (median: 64.12) and zoonotic diseases (median: 69.23). Globally, the scores of GOHI vary spatially, with the highest score in North America while lowest in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, evidence shows associations between the socio-demographic profile of countries/territories and their GOHI performance in certain One Health scenarios. Conclusion: The objective of GOHI is to guide impactful strategies for enhancing capacity building in One Health. With advanced technology and an annually updated database, intensifying efforts to refine GOHI's data-mining methodologies become imperative. The goal is to offer profound insights into disparities and progressions in practical One Health implementation, particularly in anticipation of future pandemics.

Automatic grading of knee osteoarthritis with a plain radiograph radiomics model: combining anteroposterior and lateral images.

OBJECTIVES: To establish a radiomics-based automatic grading model for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and evaluate the influence of different body positions on the model's effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plain radiographs of a total of 473 pairs of knee joints from 473 patients (May 2020 to July 2021) were retrospectively analyzed. Each knee joint included anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (LAT) images which were randomly assigned to the training cohort and the testing cohort at a ratio of 7:3. First, an assessment of knee OA severity was done by two independent radiologists with Kallgren-Lawrence grading scale. Then, another two radiologists independently delineated the region of interest for radiomic feature extraction and selection. The radiomic classification features were dimensionally reduced and a machine model was conducted using logistic regression (LR). Finally, the classification efficiency of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: The AUC (macro/micro) of the model using a combination of AP and LAT (AP&LAT) images were 0.772/0.778, 0.818/0.799, and 0.864/0.879, respectively. The radiomic features from the combined images achieved better classification performance than the individual position image (p < 0.05). The overall accuracy of the radiomic model with AP&LAT images was 0.727 compared to 0.712 and 0.417 for radiologists with 4 years and 2 years of musculoskeletal diagnostic experience. CONCLUSIONS: A radiomic model constructed by combining the AP&LAT images of the knee joint can better grade knee OA and assist clinicians in accurate diagnosis and treatment. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: A radiomic model based on plain radiographs accurately grades knee OA severity. By utilizing the LR classifier and combining AP&LAT images, it improves accuracy and consistency in grading, aiding clinical decision-making, and treatment planning. KEY POINTS: Radiomic model performed more accurately in K/L grading of knee OA than junior radiologists. Radiomic features from the combined images achieved better classification performance than the individual position image. A radiomic model can improve the grading of knee OA and assist in diagnosis and treatment.

Lipid Isobaric Mass Tagging for Enhanced Relative Quantification of Unsaturated sn-Positional Isomers.

Changes in the levels of lipid sn-positional isomers are associated with perturbation of the physiological environment within the biological system. Consequently, knowing the concentrations of these lipids holds significant importance for unraveling their involvement in disease diagnosis and pathological mechanisms. However, existing methods for lipid quantification often fall short in accuracy due to the structural diversity and isomeric forms of lipids. To address this challenge, we have developed an aziridine-based isobaric tag labeling strategy that allows (i) differentiation and (ii) enhanced relative quantification of lipid sn-positional isomers from distinct samples in a single run. The methodology enabled by aziridination, isobaric tag labeling, and lithiation has been applied to various phospholipids, enabling the determination of the sn-positions of fatty acyl chains and enhanced relative quantification. The analysis of Escherichia coli lipid extracts demonstrated the enhanced determination of the concentration ratios of lipid isomers by measuring the intensity ratios of mass reporters released from sn-positional diagnostic ions. Moreover, we applied the method to the analysis of human colon cancer plasma. Intriguingly, 17 PC lipid sn-positional isomers were identified and quantified simultaneously, and among them, 7 showed significant abundance changes in the colon cancer plasma, which can be used as potential plasma markers for diagnosis of human colon cancer.

Polysaccharides from an edible mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasomes and reestablish intestinal homeostasis.

This study aimed to assess the effects of polysaccharides extracted from Hericium erinaceus fruiting bodies (HEFPs) on the inflammatory response to oxidative stress in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by ingestion of dextran sodium sulfate. The results indicated reduced oxidative damage in the HEFPs groups, as evidenced by significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels and significantly increased levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase in colon homogenates, compared with those in the Model Control (MC) group. Additionally, compared with the levels in the MC group, the levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNF-α in the positive-control (PC) and HEFPs groups were significantly lower, and that of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly higher. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the colon expression patterns of IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-18 were consistent with the serum levels. Western-blotting results indicated significantly lower levels of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1 P20 in the HEFPs and PC groups than in the MC group. These findings suggest that HEFPs alleviate UC by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome/Caspase-1 pathway. Lachnospiraceae, Clostridiales, Parabacteroides, Oscillibacter, and Clostridium XlVa genera were more abundant in the gut microbiota of the HEFPs group than that of the MC group.

Field validation of different intervention modes for the potential transmission risk of schistosomiasis during post-transmission interruption phase.

OBJECTIVE: Precision interventions have been proposed in transmission-interrupted areas to further reduce the potential transmission risk of schistosomiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different interventions modes for potential transmission risk control. METHODS: Three groups of schistosomiasis-endemic villages were selected in Jiangling county, Hubei province. After baseline surveys in 2020, three intervention models were employed in 2021 and 2022. In Model 1, Oncomelania hupensis snail control in key settings and an integrated strategy with an emphasis on the infectious sources managing was employed. In Model 2, an integrated health education-led strategy with an emphasis on infectious source management was employed. In Model 3, only the integrated strategy with an emphasis on infectious source management was employed. The effects of the different intervention models were examined with multiple indicators after 2 years of intervention using the entropy-weighted technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), rank-sum ratio (RSR) and fuzzy combination model of entropy-weighted TOPSIS and RSR. RESULTS: Entropy-weighted TOPSIS modeling showed that the Ci values of Model 2 were 0.4434, 0.2759, and 0.3069 in the three pilot villages, Ci values were larger, with top comprehensive ranking. The results of the RSR method showed that the RSR values of Model 2 were 0.75, 0.708, and 0.736 in the three pilot villages, with top comprehensive ranking. The results from the fuzzy combination model of entropy-weighted TOPSIS and RSR showed that implementation of Model 2 resulted in the highest comprehensive ranking among the three models in the three pilot villages under Ci: RSR = 0.1: 0.9, Ci: RSR = 0.5: 0.5 and Ci: RSR = 0.9: 0.1. CONCLUSION: The integrated health education-led strategy with an emphasis on infectious source management was the optimal model to manage the risk of transmission of schistosomiasis during the post-transmission interruption phase.

Chemical composition and biological evaluation of the essential oil of the flowering aerial parts of Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb.

Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb (A. alpestre) is a plant known for its fragrant smell and has been traditionally used to treat influenza. However, despite its widespread use, there is no research on its flowering aerial parts. This study aims to contribute to the understanding the flowering aerial parts by investigating its volatile oil. The essential oil was extracted through hydrodistillation and analysed using GC-MS. The analysis identified 54 compounds, which accounted for 95.16% of the oil composition. The major components are germacrene D (31.68%), ß-caryophyllene (16.07%), and (E)-ß-farnesene (7.99%). To evaluate the antioxidant activity of volatile oil, six antioxidant experiments were conducted. The results indicated that volatile oil exhibited significant 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt and hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of volatile oil was assessed against four common pathogenic bacteria. The findings demonstrated that volatile oil displayed potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Aerogenic bacterium.

Effect of Shao's five-needle therapy pretreatment on airway inflammatory response in asthmatic rats based on ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway. / 基于ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3通路探讨"邵氏五针法"é¢„å¤„ç†å¯¹å“®å–˜å¤§é¼ æ°”é“ç‚Žæ€§ååº”çš„å½±å“.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the possible mechanism of Shao's five-needle therapy pretreatment on relieving airway inflammatory response in asthmatic rats. METHODS: Forty SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an acupuncture group, and a medication group, with 10 rats in each group. Except the blank group, asthma model was established by aerosol inhalation of ovalbumin in the other 3 groups. The rats in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at "Dazhui" (GV 14) and bilateral "Feishu" (BL 13) and "Fengmen" (BL 12), with each session lasting for 20 min. Acupuncture was given before each motivating, once daily for 7 consecutive days. The rats in the medication group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution before each motivating, once daily for 7 days. General situation of the rats was observed in each group; ELISA method was used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-18 in serum; immunofluorescence staining method was performed to assess the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung tissues; Western blot method was used to measure the protein expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and Caspase-1 in lung tissues. RESULTS: The rats in the blank group exhibited normal behavior, while those in the model group showed signs of respiratory distress, ear scratching, cheek rubbing, and dysphoria. Compared with the model group, the rats in the acupuncture group and the medication group showed stable respiration and relatively agile responses. Compared with those in the blank group, the serum levels of IL-18 and IL-1ß were elevated (P<0.01), the expression intensity of ROS was increased, and the protein expressions of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 in lung tissues were increased (P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with those in the model group, the serum levels of IL-18 and IL-1ß were reduced (P<0.01), the expression intensity of ROS was lowered, and the protein expressions of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 in lung tissues were reduced (P<0.01) in the acupuncture group and the medication group. Compared with the medication group, the protein expression of ASC in lung tissue was reduced in the acupuncture group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment of Shao's five-needle therapy could alleviate airway inflammatory response in asthmatic rats by reducing ROS levels and decreasing the aggregation and activation of pathway-related proteins in the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway, ultimately leading to decreased secretion of IL-1ß and IL-18. This mechanism may contribute to the effectiveness of Shao's five-needle therapy in preventing and treating asthma.

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S.Y.Hu: A Review.

Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S.Y.Hu (E. sessiliflorus), a member of the Araliaceae family, is a valuable plant widely used for medicinal and dietary purposes. The tender shoots of E. sessiliflorus are commonly consumed as a staple wild vegetable. The fruits of E. sessiliflorus, known for their rich flavor, play a crucial role in the production of beverages and fruit wines. The root barks of E. sessiliflorus are renowned for their therapeutic effects, including dispelling wind and dampness, strengthening tendons and bones, promoting blood circulation, and removing stasis. To compile a comprehensive collection of information on E. sessiliflorus, extensive searches were conducted in databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, and CNKI. This review aims to provide a detailed exposition of E. sessiliflorus from various perspectives, including phytochemistry and pharmacological effects, to lay a solid foundation for further investigations into its potential uses. Moreover, this review aims to introduce innovative ideas for the rational utilization of E. sessiliflorus resources and the efficient development of related products. To date, a total of 314 compounds have been isolated and identified from E. sessiliflorus, encompassing terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, volatile oils, organic acids and their esters, nitrogenous compounds, quinones, phenolics, and carbohydrates. Among these, triterpenoids and phenylpropanoids are the primary bioactive components, with E. sessiliflorus containing unique 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenoids. These compounds have demonstrated promising properties such as anti-oxidative stress, anti-aging, antiplatelet aggregation, and antitumor effects. Additionally, they show potential in improving glucose metabolism, cardiovascular systems, and immune systems. Despite some existing basic research on E. sessiliflorus, further investigations are required to enhance our understanding of its mechanisms of action, quality assessment, and formulation studies. A more comprehensive investigation into E. sessiliflorus is warranted to delve deeper into its mechanisms of action and potentially expand its pharmaceutical resources, thus facilitating its development and utilization.

Screening the Extract of Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. Based on Active Component Content, Its Antioxidant Capacity and Exploration of Hepatoprotective Activity in Rats.

Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd., a plant with a long history of medicinal use, possesses uncertainly defined medicament portions while its antioxidant capacity remains largely unexplored. To gain a better understanding of its medicinal value, this study focused on investigating the Laportea bulbifera aboveground part (LBAP) and the Laportea bulbifera root (LBR). Through an assessment of the bioactive compound content, a significant finding emerged: the LBR exhibited notably higher levels of these bioactive phytochemicals compared to the LBAP. This observation was further reinforced by the antioxidant assays, which demonstrated the superiority of the LBR's antioxidant capacity. The experimental results unequivocally indicate that the root is the optimal medicament portion for Laportea bulbifera. Furthermore, it was discovered that the presence of alcohol in the extraction solvent significantly enhanced the extraction of active ingredients, with the methanol extract of LBR performing the best among the extracts tested. Consequently, this extract was selected for further research. Leveraging cutting-edge UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS technology, the methanol extract of LBR was meticulously analyzed, revealing the presence of 41 compounds, primarily belonging to the phenolics and fatty acids. Remarkably, stability experiments demonstrated that the phenolics in the methanol extract maintained their stability across various pH values and during in vitro simulations of the human digestive system, albeit showing gradual degradation under high temperatures. Furthermore, the oxidative stability tests conducted on oils revealed the potential of the methanol extract as a stabilizer for olive oil and sunflower oil. Moreover, oral acute toxicity studies confirmed the low toxicity of the methanol extract, further supporting its safe use for medicinal purposes. Of particular note, histopathological examination and biochemical analysis affirmed the remarkable protective effects of the methanol extract against d-galactosamine-induced liver damage. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of the methanol extract from the LBR in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative imbalance.

Novel recombinant R-spondin1 promotes hair regeneration by targeting the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

Roof plate-specific spondin 1 (R-spondin1, RSPO1) is a Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway activator that binds with Wnt ligands to stimulate the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, which is key to hair regeneration. However, it is not clear whether recombinant RSPO1 (rRSPO1) affects hair regeneration. Here, we treat C57BL/6 male mice with rRSPO1 and investigate the expression of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and the activation of hair follicle stem cells in the dorsal skin. The mouse skin color score and hair-covered area are determined to describe hair growth, and the skin samples are subjected to H&E staining, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining to evaluate hair follicle development and the expressions of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins. We find that rRSPO1 activates mouse hair follicle stem cells (mHFSCs) and accelerates hair regeneration. rRSPO1 increases the hair-covered area, the number of hair follicles, and the hair follicle diameter and length. Moreover, rRSPO1 enhances the activity of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins and the expressions of HFSC markers, as well as mHFSC viability. These results indicate that subcutaneous injection of rRSPO1 can improve hair follicle development by activating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, thereby promoting hair regeneration. This study demonstrates that rRSPO1 has the potential to treat hair loss by activating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activities In Vitro and In Vivo, and Theoretical Calculation of Different Extracts of Euphorbia fischeriana.

Euphorbia fischeriana has a long-standing history of use in traditional medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis diseases. However, the plant's therapeutic potential extends beyond this specific ailment. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Euphorbia fischeriana and lay the groundwork for further research on its potential therapeutic applications. Phytochemical tests were performed on the plant, and 11 types of phytochemicals were identified. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was used to evaluate the active components and antioxidant properties of eight different solvent extracts, ultimately selecting acetone extract for further research. UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS identified 43 compounds in the acetone extract, and chemical calculations were used to isolate those with high content and antioxidant activity. Three stability experiments confirmed the extract's stability, while cell viability and oral acute toxicity studies demonstrated its relatively low toxicity. In rats, the acetone extract showed significant protective effects against D-galactosamine-induced liver damage through histopathological examination and biochemical analysis. These results suggest that Euphorbia fischeriana's acetone extract has potential in treating diseases related to oxidative imbalances. Therefore, this study highlights the plant's potential therapeutic applications while providing insight into its antioxidant properties.

Effect and mechanism of pearl on ovarian function of rats with premature ovarian failure induced by tripterygium glycosides.

Background and aim: Recent studies show that combination of apoptosis and oxidative stress forms a "vicious circle" in the process of premature ovarian failure (POF). Pearl extract has a good effect for anti-oxidation and anti-aging in vitro and vivo and can be used to treat various aging diseases. However, reports about effect and mechanism of pearl on ovarian function of premature ovarian failure (POF)are limited. Experimental procedure: The effect and mechanism of pearl on ovarian function of rats with POF were evaluated using rats with premature ovarian failure induced by tripterygium glycosides. The estrous cycle, contents of serum reproductive hormones, tissue structure, oxidative stress level, autophagy and apoptotic protein expression, and MAPK signaling pathway of ovary were assessed to characterise pearl. Result and conclusion: Low, medium and high-dose pearl improved the estrous cycle in POF rats, and high-dose pearl was the best in terms of recovery effect; high-dose pearl significantly increased (P < 0.05) contents of E2, AMH and GSH, activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-PX and follicular development, while significantly decreased (P < 0.05)contents of FSH, LH and ROS and MDA in POF rats; low, medium and high-dose pearl notably reduced (P < 0.05) the apoptotic protein cleaved-caspase 3 and Bax expression, and MAPK signaling pathway of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in POF rats, among which high-dose pearl behaved best. Medium and high-dose pearl apparently raised (P < 0.05)expressions of autophagy protein LC3II, Beclin-1 and p62 in POF rats. Therefore, pearl can effectively enhance ovarian function of POF rats. The optimal concentration was found to be 740 mg kg-1 at a high dose. The mechanism may be related with the enhanced follicular development through improving granulosa cell autophagy and inhibiting granulosa cell apoptosis by inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway after scavenging excessive ROS. Section: 1. Natural Products. Taxonomy classification by EVISE: Ovarian Cancer, Chinese Herbal Medicine, Traditional Medicine, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Studies, Rat, Autophagy.

[Correlation between active component content and color of Atractylodes Lancea and A. chinensis based on color difference principle].

We explored the correlations between the color difference values [ΔL~*(lightness), Δa~*(red-green), Δb~*(yellow-blue)] and the content of four active components(including sesquiterpenoids and polyacetylenes) in the powder of Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis, aiming to provide reference for the quality evaluation of Atractylodis Rhizoma and establish a qualitative model that can distinguish between A. lancea and A. chinensis based on the chromatic values. The tristimulus values(L~*, a~*, and b~*) of 23 batches of A. lancea and A. chinensis were measured by a color difference meter. The content of atractylenolide Ⅱ, ß-eudesmol, atractylodin, and atractylone in the 23 batches of samples were measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) were performed to establish the qualitative models for distinguishing between A. lancea and A. chinensis. SPSS was employed to analyze the correlations between the tristimulus values and the content of the four index components. The results showed that the established PCA and PLS-DA models can divide the A. lancea and A. chinensis samples into two regions, and the tristimulus values of A. lancea and A. chinensis were positively correlated with the content of ß-eudesmol and atractylodin. Therefore, the PCA and PLS-DA models can successfully identify A. lancea and A. chinensis, and the appearance color can be used to quickly predict the internal quality of Atractylodis Rhizoma. This study provides a reference for the quality evaluation of Atractylodis Rhizoma and the modern research on the color of Chinese medicinal materials.

Deep learning-assisted knee osteoarthritis automatic grading on plain radiographs: the value of multiview X-ray images and prior knowledge.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is harmful to people's health. Effective treatment depends on accurate diagnosis and grading. This study aimed to assess the performance of a deep learning (DL) algorithm based on plain radiographs in detecting knee OA and to investigate the effect of multiview images and prior knowledge on diagnostic performance. Methods: In total, 4,200 paired knee joint X-ray images from 1,846 patients (July 2017 to July 2020) were retrospectively analyzed. Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading was used as the gold standard for knee OA evaluation by expert radiologists. The DL method was used to analyze the performance of anteroposterior and lateral plain radiographs combined with prior zonal segmentation to diagnose knee OA. Four groups of DL models were established according to whether they adopted multiview images and automatic zonal segmentation as the DL prior knowledge. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of 4 different DL models. Results: The DL model with multiview images and prior knowledge obtained the best classification performance among the 4 DL models in the testing cohort, with a microaverage area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and macroaverage AUC of 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. The overall accuracy of the DL model with multiview images and prior knowledge was 0.96 compared to 0.86 for an experienced radiologist. The combined use of anteroposterior and lateral images and prior zonal segmentation affected diagnostic performance. Conclusions: The DL model accurately detected and classified the K-L grading of knee OA. Additionally, multiview X-ray images and prior knowledge improved classification efficacy.

Effect of Health Education on Schistosomiasis Control Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice after Schistosomiasis Blocking: Results of a Longitudinal Observational Study in the Field.

OBJECTIVES: Schistosomiasis is a zoonotic infectious disease that seriously harms people's physical and mental health. As early as 1985, the WHO suggested that health education and health promotion should be the focus of schistosomiasis prevention work. This study aimed to explore the effect of health education on controlling the risk of schistosomiasis transmission after schistosomiasis blocking and to provide a scientific basis for the further improvement of intervention strategies after schistosomiasis interruption in China and other endemic countries. METHODS: In Jiangling County, Hubei Province, China, one severe, one moderate, and one mildly endemic village were selected as the intervention group; two severe, two moderate, and two mildly endemic villages were selected as the control group. In towns with different epidemic types, a primary school was randomly selected for intervention. In September 2020, a baseline survey was carried out through a questionnaire survey to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of adults and students concerning schistosomiasis control. Next, two rounds of health education interventions for schistosomiasis control were carried out. The evaluation survey was conducted in September 2021 and the follow-up survey conducted in September 2022. RESULTS: Compared with the baseline survey, the qualified rate of the KAP on schistosomiasis prevention of the control group in the follow-up survey increased from 79.1% (584/738) to 81.0% (493/609) (p > 0.05); in the intervention group, the qualified rate of the KAP on schistosomiasis control increased from 74.9% (286/382) to 88.1% (260/295) (p < 0.001). In the baseline survey, the qualified rate of the KAP of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group, and in the follow-up survey, the qualified rate of the KAP of the intervention group was 7.2% higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Compared with the baseline survey, the accuracy rates of the KAP of the intervention group's adults were higher than those of the control group, with statistical significance (p < 0.001). Compared with the baseline survey, the qualified rate of the students' KAP in the follow-up survey increased from 83.8% (253/302) to 97.8% (304/311) (p < 0.001). In the follow-up survey, the accuracy rate of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the students was significantly different from the baseline accuracy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: a health education-led risk control model of schistosomiasis can significantly improve schistosomiasis control knowledge among adults and students, establishing correct attitudes and leading to the development of correct hygiene habits.

Spatiotemporal distribution of schistosomiasis transmission risk in Jiangling County, Hubei Province, P.R. China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the spatiotemporal distribution of schistosomiasis in Jiangling County, and provide insights into the precise schistosomiasis control. METHODS: The descriptive epidemiological method and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyze the changes in infection rates of humans, livestock, snails, average density of living snails and occurrence rate of frames with snails in Jiangling County from 2005 to 2021. Spatial epidemiology methods were used to detect the spatiotemporal clustering of schistosomiasis transmission risk in Jiangling county. RESULTS: The infection rates in humans, livestock, snails, average density of living snails and occurrence rate of frames with snails in Jiangling County decreased from 2005 to 2021 with statistically significant. The average density of living snails in Jiangling County was spatially clustered in each year, and the Moran's I varied from 0.10 to 0.26. The hot spots were mainly concentrated in some villages of Xionghe Town, Baimasi Town and Shagang Town. The mean center of the distribution of average density of living snails in Jiangling County first moved from northwest to southeast, and then returned from southeast to northwest after 2014. SDE azimuth fluctuated in the range of 111.68°-124.42°. Kernal density analysis showed that the high and medium-high risk areas of Jiangling County from 2005 to 2021 were mainly concentrated in the central and eastern of Jiangling County, and the medium-low and low risk areas were mainly distributed in the periphery of Jiangling County. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemic situation of schistosomiasis decreased significantly in Jiangling County from 2005 to 2021, but the schistosomiasis transmission risk still had spatial clustering in some areas. After transmission interruption, targeted transmission risk intervention strategies can be adopted according to different types of schistosomiasis risk areas.

Assessment of integrated patterns of human-animal-environment health: a holistic and stratified analysis.

BACKGROUND: Data-driven research is a very important component of One Health. As the core part of the global One Health index (GOHI), the global One Health Intrinsic Drivers index (IDI) is a framework for evaluating the baseline conditions of human-animal-environment health. This study aims to assess the global performance in terms of GOH-IDI, compare it across different World Bank regions, and analyze the relationships between GOH-IDI and national economic levels. METHODS: The raw data among 146 countries were collected from authoritative databases and official reports in November 2021. Descriptive statistical analysis, data visualization and manipulation, Shapiro normality test and ridge maps were used to evaluate and identify the spatial and classificatory distribution of GOH-IDI. This paper uses the World Bank regional classification and the World Bank income groups to analyse the relationship between GOH-IDI and regional economic levels, and completes the case studies of representative countries. RESULTS: The performance of One Health Intrinsic Driver in 146 countries was evaluated. The mean (standard deviation, SD) score of GOH-IDI is 54.05 (4.95). The values (mean SD) of different regions are North America (60.44, 2.36), Europe and Central Asia (57.73, 3.29), Middle East and North Africa (57.02, 2.56), East Asia and Pacific (53.87, 5.22), Latin America and the Caribbean (53.75, 2.20), South Asia (52.45, 2.61) and sub-Saharan Africa (48.27, 2.48). Gross national income per capita was moderately correlated with GOH-IDI (R2 = 0.651, Deviance explained = 66.6%, P < 0.005). Low income countries have the best performance in some secondary indicators, including Non-communicable Diseases and Mental Health and Health risks. Five indicators are not statistically different at each economic level, including Animal Epidemic Disease, Animal Biodiversity, Air Quality and Climate Change, Land Resources and Environmental Biodiversity. CONCLUSIONS: The GOH-IDI is a crucial tool to evaluate the situation of One Health. There are inter-regional differences in GOH-IDI significantly at the worldwide level. The best performing region for GOH-IDI was North America and the worst was sub-Saharan Africa. There is a positive correlation between the GOH-IDI and country economic status, with high-income countries performing well in most indicators. GOH-IDI facilitates researchers' understanding of the multidimensional situation in each country and invests more attention in scientific questions that need to be addressed urgently.

Protocol to assemble metal-phenolic framework nanoparticles based on polyphenol-mediated biomimetic mineralization for wound healing in rats.

Here, we present a protocol for controllable biomimetic mineralization at the nano-scale, simulating natural ion-enriched sedimentary mineralization. We describe steps for treatment of metal-organic frameworks with polyphenol-mediated stabilized mineralized precursor solution. We then detail their use as templates to assemble metal-phenolic frameworks (MPFs) with mineralized layers. Furthermore, we demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of MPF delivery by hydrogel to the full-thickness skin defect model in rats. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhan et al. (2022).1.

Maslinic Acid Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury-Induced Oxidative Stress via Activating Nrf2 and Inhibiting NF-[Formula: see text]B Pathways.

Maslinic acid (MA) is a pentacyclic triterpene obtained from the peel of olives that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in several conditions. Our previous study revealed that MA exerted a cardioprotective effect by repressing inflammation and apoptosis during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, data regarding the antioxidative effects of MA on MIRI remains limited. This study aims to elucidate the antioxidative roles and underlying mechanisms of MA on MIRI. The left anterior descending coronary artery of rats was subjected to ligate for the induction of the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and the H9c2 cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to mimic oxidative stress. The results showed that MA reduced the I/R-induced myocardial injury and H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte death in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, MA increased the activities of glutathione and superoxide dismutase both in vitro and in vivo while lowering the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. Mechanistically, MA could facilitate Nrf2 nuclear translocation, activate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and repress the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway both in I/R- and H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Besides, MA promoted the intranuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 expression, which could in part be improved by QNZ (NF-[Formula: see text]B inhibitor) in H2O2-insulted cells. Conversely, MA markedly reduced the intranuclear NF-[Formula: see text]B p65 and TNF-[Formula: see text] expression, which could be partially abolished by ML385 (Nrf2 inhibitor). Overall, our results indicate that MA, in a dose-dependent manner, mitigated I/R-induced myocardial injury and oxidative stress via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting NF-[Formula: see text]B activation. Furthermore, MA exerts its cardioprotective effect through regulating the crosstalk between the Nrf2 and NF-[Formula: see text]B pathways.