Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediate the Acclimation of Rice to Submergence.

Flooding is a critical factor that limits the establishment of a symbiosis between rice and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in wetland ecosystems. The distribution of carbon resources in roots and the acclimation strategies of rice to flooding stress in the presence of AMF are poorly understood. We conducted a root box experiment, employing nylon sheets or nylon meshes to create separate fungal chambers that either prevented or allowed the roots and any molecules to pass through. We found that the mycorrhizal colonization rate and the expression of genes OsD14L and OsCERK1, which are involved in fungal perception during symbiosis, both increased in mycorrhizal rice roots following intermittent flooding compared to continuous flooding. Furthermore, AMF inoculation affected root morphological traits, facilitating both shallower and deeper soil exploration. Increased submergence intensity led to carbohydrate deprivation in roots, while high mycorrhizal colonization increased soil oxygen consumption and decreased the neutral lipid concentration in roots. However, mycorrhizal inoculation increased the rice photosynthesis rate and facilitated acclimation to submergence by mediating the expression of the genes OsCIPK15 and OsSUB1A to enhance rice shoot elongation and the sugar concentration in roots as a result of reduced competition for carbon between rice and AMF under different flooding conditions.

Plant litter as a heavy metal migration strategy following application of sewage sludge to subtropical forest soils.

The environmental risks of migration of heavy metals (HMs) following applications of sewage sludge (SS) to forest soils are garnering increased attention. Plant litter at the forest floor may modify HM migration pathways through impacts on soil aggregates and water/soil erosion; however, HM migration responses to plant litter are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of plant litter cover on HMs migration, and water and soil erosion following the application of SS to subtropical forest soils. Effects of addition of SS along and SS plus plant litter at 0.75 or 1.5 kg m-2 on the migration of cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc in surface runoff, soil interflow, and sediments were quantified across nine simulated rainfall events in a laboratory experiment and following natural intense rain events in a field experiment. Addition of SS elevated HM concentrations in surface runoff by 38.7 to 98.5 %, in soil interflow by 48.3 to 312.5 %, and in sediment by 28.5 to 149.4 %, and increased the production of sediment aggregates <0.05 mm that led to greater cumulative migrations of HMs in surface runoff and sediment; sediment accounted for 89.5 % of HM migrations. Addition of plant litter reduced cumulative migration of HMs by 87.1-97.27 %; however, the higher rate of plant litter led to a decrease in surface runoff and sediment yield, and an increase in soil interflow. Addition of plant litter shifted the main pathway of HM migration from sediment to surface runoff and soil interflow. The potential ecological HM risk index was "low" for each treatment. We found consistency in HM concentrations and migrations via surface runoff between the field and laboratory experiments. Overall, the addition of plant litter with SS mitigated soil erosion and reduced total migration of HMs, resulting in a 88.7-97.3 % decrease in the ecological risk index of the six HMs. We conclude that the addition of plant litter may provide a management strategy for the mitigation of HM risks to environmental safety for the disposal of SS in subtropical forest systems.

Activation of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Improves Muscle Endurance by Upregulating Orosomucoid Expression and Glycogen Content in Mice.

There are presently no acknowledged therapeutic targets or official drugs for the treatment of muscle fatigue. The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is expressed in skeletal muscle, with an unknown role in muscle endurance. Here, we try to explore whether α7nAChR could act as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of muscle fatigue. Results showed that nicotine and PNU-282987 (PNU), as nonspecific and specific agonists of α7nAChR, respectively, could both significantly increase C57BL6/J mice treadmill-running time in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The improvement effect of PNU on running time and ex vivo muscle fatigue index disappeared when α7nAChR deletion. RNA sequencing revealed that the differential mRNAs affected by PNU were enriched in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis signaling pathways. Further studies found that PNU treatment significantly elevates glycogen content and ATP level in the muscle tissues of α7nAChR+/+ mice but not α7nAChR-/- mice. α7nAChR activation specifically increased endogenous glycogen-targeting protein orosomucoid (ORM) expression both in vivo skeletal muscle tissues and in vitro C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. In ORM1 deficient mice, the positive effects of PNU on running time, glycogen and ATP content, as well as muscle fatigue index, were abolished. Therefore, the activation of α7nAChR could enhance muscle endurance via elevating endogenous anti-fatigue protein ORM and might act as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of muscle fatigue.

Effects of woodland slope on heavy metal migration via surface runoff, interflow, and sediments in sewage sludge application.

Sewage sludge (SS) application to forest plantation soils as a fertilizer and/or soil amendment is increasingly adopted in plantation forest management. However, the potential risks of SS-derived heavy metals (HMs) remain a concern. Many factors, including woodland slope may affect the risks, but the understanding of this issue is limited. This research evaluated the HMs migration via surface runoff, interflow, and sediments when SS was applied in woodlands of varying slopes. We conducted indoor rainfall simulations and natural rainfall experiments to clarify the effect of slope on the migration of HMs via runoff (including surface and interflow) and sediments. In the simulated rainfall experiment, HMs lost via sediments increased by 9.79-27.28% when the slope increased from 5° to 25°. However, in the natural rainfall experiment, when the slope of forested land increased from 7° to 23°, HMs lost via surface runoff increased by 2.38% to 6.13%. These results indciate that the surface runoff water on a high slope (25°) posed high water quality pollution risks. The migration of HMs via surface runoff water or interflow increased as the steepness of the slope increased. The total migration of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd via sediment greatly exceeded that via surface runoff and interflow. Particles ≤ 0.05 mm contributed the most to the ecological risks posed by sediments. Cd was the main source of potential ecological risks in sediments under both experimental conditions.

A non-antibiotic erythromycin derivative improves muscle endurance by regulating endogenous anti-fatigue protein orosomucoid in mice.

At present, there are no official approved drugs for improving muscle endurance. Our previous research found acute phase protein orosomucoid (ORM) is an endogenous anti-fatigue protein, and macrolides antibiotics erythromycin can elevate ORM level to increase muscle bioenergetics and endurance parameters. Here, we further designed, synthesized and screened a new erythromycin derivative named HMS-01, which lost its antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo. Data showed that HMS-01 could time- and dose-dependently prolong mice forced-swimming time and running time, and improve fatigue index in isolated soleus muscle. Moreover, HMS-01 treatment could increase the glycogen content, mitochondria number and function in liver and skeletal muscle, as well as ORM level in these tissues and sera. In Orm-deficient mice, the anti-fatigue and glycogen-elevation activity of HMS-01 disappeared. Therefore, HMS-01 might act as a promising small molecule drug targeting ORM to enhance muscle endurance.

Microplasma radio frequency technology using stationary tips on pig skin: A histological study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the histological properties of microplasma radiofrequency (MPRF) using a stationary tip in different treatment strategies on porcine skin. METHODS: Two Bama miniature pigs received MPRF treatment with two types of stationary tips in eight groups of parameters (power, duration, and pass) on dorsal skin. Skin samples were collected from each treatment zone immediately, at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson staining were performed to assess histologic changes as well as neocollagenesis. The dynamic changes of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) and heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) were also detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Skin damage increased with pulse energy, duration, and pass. Longer durations or repeated treatments may cause particularly severe skin damage. During the wound healing process, the newborn collagen of the dermis is rearranged. The distribution of HSP47 and HSP72 was consistent with the extent of collagen remodeling. It peaked 1 month after treatment. CONCLUSION: MPRF can effectively cause epidermal ablation, dermal collagen hyperplasia, and remodeling. Increasing power should be the first choice when increasing treatment intensity. For longer durations or repeated treatments, caution should be taken to avoid excessive skin trauma.

Harnessing fine fibers in decellularized adipose-derived matrix for enhanced adipose regeneration.

Decellularized Adipose-Derived Matrix (DAM) has the function of inducing adipogenesis, but the distribution of adipogenesis is uneven. We found for the first time that DAM contains two structural components: The tough fibers DAM (T-DAM) and the fine fibers DAM (F-DAM). T-DAM was a dense vortex structure composed of a large number of coarse fibers, characterized by myoblast-related proteins, which cannot achieve fat regeneration and forms a typical "adipose-free zone". While the F-DAM was a loose structure consisting of uniform fine fibers, has more matrix-related proteins and adipose-related proteins. It can not only better promote the adhesion and proliferation of adipose stem cells in vitro, but also achieve the regeneration of adipose tissue in vivo earlier and better, with a uniform range of adipogenesis. The F-DAM is the main and effective kind of DAM to initiate adipose tissue regeneration, which can be picked out by ultrasound fragmentation.

A Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst [Co2O2] Metallacycle Enables Regioselective Allene C(sp2)-H Functionalization.

Selective functionalization of allenic C(sp2)-H is an ideal approach to upgrading simple allenes to synthetically useful allenes, albeit suffering from challenges associated with inert reactivity and inferior selectivity. Inspired by energy chemistry, a catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) strategy was leveraged to selectively activate weakly acidic allene C(sp2)-H bonds in a reductive mode. An array of [Co2O2] metallacycle complexes were readily devised starting from amino acids, and they were demonstrated as robust HER catalysts, which would selectively break allenic C(sp2)-H bonds to release hydrogen. With the newly developed HER catalyst, regioselective electrochemical functionalization of allenic C(sp2)-H with alcoholic α C(sp3)-H was unprecedentedly achieved. This strategy features excellent regioselectivity, unconventional chemoselectivity, good functional-group tolerance (62 examples), and mild conditions. Mechanism experiments revealed a reactive hydroxy-coordinated cobalt(II) species in the reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also conducted to rationalize the regioselectivity observed in the reaction.

Dual-functional heterogeneous Fenton catalyst Cu/Ti co-doped Fe3O4@FeOOH for cyanide-containing wastewater treatment: Preparation, performance and mechanism.

The dual-functional heterogeneous Fenton catalyst Cu/Ti co-doped iron-based Fenton catalyst (Cu/Ti -Fe3O4@FeOOH, FCT) were successfully prepared by precipitation oxidation method and characterized by XRD, XPS and XAFS. The prepared Cu/Ti co-doped Fe3O4@FeOOH nanoparticles consisted of goethite nanorods and magnetite rod octahedral particles, with Cu and Ti replacing Fe in the catalyst crystal structure, leading to the formation of the goethite structure. The heterogeneous Fenton catalyst FCT exhibited excellent degradation activity for cyanide in wastewater and showed different reaction mechanisms at varying pH levels. When treating 100 mL of 12 mg L-1 NaCN solution, complete degradation occurred within 40 min at 30 °C and pH ranging from 6.5 to 12.5 without external energy. Compared to Fe3O4, FCT shows superior degradation activity for cyanide. The surface Cu(Ⅰ) facilitated the electron transfer and significantly improved the catalytic activity of the catalyst. Additionally, the magnetic properties of the Ti-doped catalyst samples were greatly enhanced compared to the Cu@FeOOH catalyst doped with Cu, making them favorable for recycling and reuse. FCT maintains 100% degradation of cyanogen after three cycles, indicating its excellent stability. Furthermore, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, free radical quenching experiments and fluorescence probe techniques using terephthalic acid (TA) and benzoic acid (BA) confirmed that the presence of •OH and FeⅣ=O reactive species was responsible for the catalysts exhibiting different mechanisms at different pH conditions. Compared with other heterogeneous Fenton catalysts, FCT exhibits intentional degradation activity for cyanide-containing wastewater under different acid-base conditions, which greatly broadened the pH range of the heterogeneous Fenton reaction.

Advances in immunotherapy for biliary tract cancers.

ABSTRACT: Biliary tract cancers (BTC), a heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis, including gallbladder cancer (GBC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). Although surgery is currently the primary regimen to treat BTC, most BTC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and miss the opportunity of surgical eradication. As a result, non-surgical therapy serves as the main intervention for advanced BTC. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising therapies in a number of solid cancers, and it includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) monotherapy or combined therapy, tumor vaccines, oncolytic virus immunotherapy, adoptive cell therapy (ACT), and cytokine therapy. However, these therapies have been practiced in limited clinical settings in patients with BTC. In this review, we focus on the discussion of latest advances of immunotherapy in BTC and update the progress of multiple current clinical trials with different immunotherapies.

Efficient extraction performance and mechanisms of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in water by novel dicationic ionic liquids.

Ten novel hydrophobic dicationic ionic liquids (DILs) were synthesized and applied for the extraction of heavy metals in aqueous solutions. Their physicochemical properties were measured at ambient temperature, and the leaching behaviors of the as-prepared DILs in water were assessed by TOC analysis. Metal extraction experiments were carried out to evaluate the extraction performances of the DILs. It was found that the extraction rates of up to 0.45 and 0.53 mg·(g·min)-1 were achieved with 100 mg DILs for 5 mL of 5 mg/L Cd2+ and Pb2+ solutions. Besides, the extraction efficiencies of Cd2+ and Pb2+ were respectively up to 95.48% and 98.46%, when the volumes of the simulated wastewater were expanded by a factor of 20 at a constant extraction phase ratio (1000 mg DILs for 50 mL of 5 mg/L Cd2+ or Pb2+ solutions). The reusability of the novel DILs was successfully proved by the back-extraction experiments with 0.5 M HNO3. Finally, taking Cd2+ extraction as an example, the extraction mechanism based on FTIR analysis and quantum chemical calculations showed that both S and O atoms in the anions of DILs had physical and quasi-chemical interactions with Cd2+, which were stronger than the electrostatic attraction.

A Visualization Method of Knowledge Graphs for the Computation and Comprehension of Ultrasound Reports.

Knowledge graph visualization in ultrasound reports is essential for enhancing medical decision making and the efficiency and accuracy of computer-aided analysis tools. This study aims to propose an intelligent method for analyzing ultrasound reports through knowledge graph visualization. Firstly, we provide a novel method for extracting key term networks from the narrative text in ultrasound reports with high accuracy, enabling the identification and annotation of clinical concepts within the report. Secondly, a knowledge representation framework based on ultrasound reports is proposed, which enables the structured and intuitive visualization of ultrasound report knowledge. Finally, we propose a knowledge graph completion model to address the lack of entities in physicians' writing habits and improve the accuracy of visualizing ultrasound knowledge. In comparison to traditional methods, our proposed approach outperforms the extraction of knowledge from complex ultrasound reports, achieving a significantly higher extraction index (η) of 2.69, surpassing the general pattern-matching method (2.12). In comparison to other state-of-the-art methods, our approach achieves the highest P (0.85), R (0.89), and F1 (0.87) across three testing datasets. The proposed method can effectively utilize the knowledge embedded in ultrasound reports to obtain relevant clinical information and improve the accuracy of using ultrasound knowledge.

Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2)-Fused Lysosomal Targeting Chimeras for Degradation of Extracellular and Membrane Proteins.

Targeted degradation of the cell-surface and extracellular proteins via the endogenous lysosomal degradation pathways, such as lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs), has recently emerged as an attractive tool to expand the scope of extracellular chemical biology. Herein, we report a series of recombinant proteins genetically fused to insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), which we termed iLYTACs, that can be conveniently obtained in high yield by standard cloning and bacterial expression in a matter of days. We showed that both type-I iLYTACs, in which IGF2 was fused to a suitable affibody or nanobody capable of binding to a specific protein target, and type-II iLYTAC (or IGF2-Z), in which IGF2 was fused to the IgG-binding Z domain that served as a universal antibody-binding adaptor, could be used for effective lysosomal targeting and degradation of various extracellular and membrane-bound proteins-of-interest. These heterobifunctional iLYTACs are fully genetically encoded and can be produced on a large scale from conventional E. coli expression systems without any form of chemical modification. In the current study, we showed that iLYTACs successfully facilitated the cell uptake, lysosomal localization, and efficient lysosomal degradation of various disease-relevant protein targets from different mammalian cell lines, including EGFR, PD-L1, CD20, and α-synuclein. The antitumor properties of iLYTACs were further validated in a mouse xenograft model. Overall, iLYTACs represent a general and modular strategy for convenient and selective targeted protein degradation, thus expanding the potential applications of current LYTACs and related techniques.

Associations between composite dietary antioxidant index and estimated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk among U.S. adults.

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of death and disability both in U.S. and worldwide. Antioxidants have been proved critical in mitigating the development of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the associations between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and estimated 10-year ASCVD risk among U.S. adults. Methods: Data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. A total of 10,984 adults aged 18 years and above were included in this study. CDAI was calculated based on the dietary intake reported in their 24-h recall interviews. The estimated 10-year ASCVD risk was calculated via Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE). Results: After adjusting potential confounders, it was indicated that CDAI score was negatively correlated with 10-year ASCVD risk (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99). Stratify CDAI score by quartile, results showed that participants in the second, third, and fourth quartiles had lower ASCVD odds ratio (Q2: OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.69-1.09; Q3: OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62-0.98; Q4: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59-0.94) than those in the first quartile (Q1, lowest CDAI score group), which was confirmed by the trend test as well (p < 0.05). Subgroup analyses stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and smoking status did not show significant effect modification. Conclusion: Higher dietary antioxidants intake is associated with lower ASCVD risk among U.S. adults, for which policymakers and healthcare professionals may consider increasing the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods as a preventive strategy for ASCVD.

The Association Between Eye Disease and Incidence of Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To better demonstrate the relationship between common eye diseases and the risk of dementia, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies to investigate the relationship between common eye diseases and dementia. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Patients with common eye diseases. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of articles published up to August 25, 2022, of online databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. We included cohort studies that evaluated the association of glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and cataracts with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were pooled using random effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 statistic. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed. RESULTS: In total, 25 studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 11,410,709 participants. Pooled estimates suggested an increased risk of all-cause dementia associated with AMD (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.13-1.48), glaucoma (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03-1.32), DR (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.21-1.63), and cataract (RR,1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.40); an increased risk of AD associated with AMD (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06-1.52), glaucoma (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.38), DR (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.41), and cataracts (RR,1.22; 95% CI, 1.07-1.38). No association was observed between incident VaD and any eye diseases. The results of subgroup analyses were consistent with those in meta-analysis of DR and risk of all-cause dementia. Meta-regressions suggested geographic regions as potential sources of heterogeneity for the association between AMD and all-cause dementia, AMD and AD, glaucoma and dementia, glaucoma, and AD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: AMD, glaucoma, DR, and cataract may be associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia and AD, but not VaD. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously because of the high heterogeneity and unstable findings in some subgroup analyses.

Selection of Mechanical Fragmentation Methods Based on Enzyme-Free Preparation of Decellularized Adipose-Derived Matrix.

BACKGROUND: The decellularized adipose-derived matrix (DAM) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for inducing adipose tissue regeneration. Various methods have been employed to produce DAM, among which the enzyme-free method is a relatively recent preparation technique. The mechanical fragmentation step plays a crucial role in determining the efficacy of the enzyme-free preparation. METHODS: The adipose tissue underwent fragmentation through the application of ultrasonication, homogenization, and freeze ball milling. This study compared the central temperature of the mixture immediately following crushing, the quantity of oil obtained after centrifugation, and the thickness of the middle layer. Fluorescence staining was utilized to compare the residual cell activity of the broken fat in the middle layer, while electron microscopy was employed to assess the integrity and properties of the adipocytes among the three methods. The primary products obtained through the three methods were subsequently subjected to processing using the enzyme-free method DAM. The assessment of degreasing and denucleation of DAM was conducted through HE staining, oil red staining, and determination of DNA residues. Subsequently, the ultrasonication-DAM (U-DAM) and homogenation-DAM (H-DAM) were implanted bilaterally on the back of immunocompromised mice, and a comparative analysis of their adipogenic and angiogenic effects in vivo was performed. RESULTS: Oil discharge following ultrasonication and homogenization was significantly higher compared to that observed after freeze ball milling (p < 0.001), despite the latter exhibiting the lowest center temperature (p < 0.001). The middle layer was found to be thinnest after ultrasonication (p < 0.001), and most of the remaining cells were observed to be dead following fragmentation. Except for DAM obtained through freeze ball milling, DAM obtained through ultrasonication and homogenization could be completely denucleated and degreased. In the in vivo experiment, the first adipocytes were observed in U-DAM as early as 1 week after implantation, but not in H-DAM. After 8 weeks, a significant number of adipocytes were regenerated in both groups, but the U-DAM group demonstrated a more efficient adipose regeneration than in H-DAM (p = 0.0057). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonication and homogenization are effective mechanical fragmentation methods for breaking down adipocytes at the initial stage, enabling the production of DAM through an enzyme-free method that facilitates successful regeneration of adipose tissues in vivo. Furthermore, the enzyme-free method, which is based on the ultrasonication pre-fragmentation approach, exhibits superior performance in terms of denucleation, degreasing, and the removal of non-adipocyte matrix components, thereby resulting in the highest in vivo adipogenic induction efficiency.

Effect of radiation sterilization on the ability to induce adipose regeneration in vivo in decellularized adipose-derived matrix.

BACKGROUND: Decellularized adipose-derived matrix (DAM), a biological scaffold that can induce adipose regeneration. The balance between its sterilization efficiency and its ability to maintain in situ adipose regeneration should be considered in terminal sterilization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of radiation sterilization of cobalt-60 (60 Co)with different doses on adipogenesis induced by different forms of DAM, so as to reduce radiation dose under the premise of safe and effective sterilization and ensure adipogenesis induced by DAM in vivo. METHODS: High dose (25 kGy) and low dose (5 kGy) radiation were used to sterilize freeze-dried and wet DAM, respectively. The sterilization efficiency, macro and micro characteristics, mechanical and mechanical properties of DAM were compared, and then implanted into the immunocompromised mice to evaluate the adipose regeneration. RESULTS: Under the two radiation doses, no microbial growth was found in the freeze-dried and wet DAM sterility tests, and no significant changes were observed in the macro and micro structures. In terms of mechanical properties, the elastic modulus of high dose freeze-dried DAM decreased significantly (p < 0.001). In vivo animal experiments, the freeze-dried DAM irradiated with high dose almost completely lost its function of adipogenesis in vivo. Although the wet DAM irradiated with high dose could induce fat regeneration in the early stage, the adipocyte deformation and atrophy appeared in the later stage. The freeze-dried and wet DAM after low dose irradiation was similar to the wet DAM without irradiation in the blank control, which could maintain excellent adipogenic and angiogenic functions in vivo. CONCLUSION: High dose 60 Co irradiation can completely destroy the ability of freeze-dried DAM to induce adipose regeneration in situ, while low dose irradiation (5 kGy) can effectively sterilize the DAM without damaging in vivo induced adipose regeneration. Radiation has more damage to freeze-dried DAM than wet DAM in adipogenesis properties.

Palladium Catalyzed Annulation of o-Iodo-Anilines with Propargyl Alcohols: Synthesis of Substituted Quinolines.

A palladium catalyzed annulation of o-iodo-anilines with propargyl alcohols for the synthesis of substituted quinolines has been developed. The reaction tolerates diverse functional groups under mild conditions, providing direct access to 2,4-disubstituted quinolines from easily available starting materials. A broad range of 2,4-disubstituted quinolines were efficiently prepared in good to excellent yields.

Histological damage characteristics and quantitive analysis of porcine skin with non-insulated microneedle radiofrequency.

OBJECTIVE: In recent years, the microneedle radiofrequency (MRF) has been widely used for skin rejuvenation, but histological studies on the immediate trauma caused by different parameters of non-insulated RF microneedles METHODS: The skin of three pigs was treated with different needle depths, pulse widths and energy levels of non-insulated microneedle RF. Samples were collected before, immediately, and 2 weeks after treatment. The immediate histological response of each group was assessed and quantified by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining and Victoria Blue staining. RESULTS: In the treatment of non-insulated microneedle RF, different energy levels affected mainly the range of thermal damage (p = 0.044), and different needle depths affected mainly the depth of the cavity (p = 0.022). But the width of the coagulation zone width was determined by different factors. There was no significant difference in the histology of immediate damage caused by different pulse widths. Reepithelialization of the epidermis and basic wound repair can be completed within 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: Non-insulated RF microneedle therapy is an effective and safe treatment that can stimulate dermal wound healing with less thermal coagulation and a wide range of reversible thermal damage. However, it should be noted that the set needle depth may not correspond to the actual penetration depth, nor to the actual depth of histologic trauma.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or upfront surgery in hepatoblastoma: A multicenter retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: We retrospectively investigated the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in low-risk patients with hepatoblastoma (HB) who underwent curative resection between February 2009 and December 2017. We also verified the feasibility of the risk stratification system to select the optimal patients for upfront surgery. PROCEDURE: We compared 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) between the upfront surgery (n = 26) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 104) groups at three oncology centers in Beijing, China. To reduce the effect of covariate imbalance, propensity score matching (PSM) was used. We explored whether preoperative chemotherapy affected surgical outcomes and identified the risk factors for events and death, including resection margin status, PRETreatment EXTent of disease stages, age, sex, pathology classification, and α-fetoprotein levels. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 64 (interquartile range 60-72) months. After PSM, 22 pairs of patients were identified, and the patient characteristics were similar for all variables included in PSM. In the upfront surgery group, the 5-year EFS and OS rates were 81.8% and 86.3%, respectively. In the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, the 5-year EFS and OS rates were 81.8% and 90.9%, respectively. No significant differences in EFS or OS were observed between the groups. Pathological classification was the only risk factor for death, disease progression, tumor recurrence, other tumors found during HB diagnosis, and death from any cause (p = .007 and .032, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Upfront surgery achieved long-term disease control in low-risk patients with resectable HB, thus reduced the cumulative toxicity of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs.