The novel HLA-A*24:617 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual.

HLA-A*24:617 differs from HLA-A*24:02:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 4.

A hot-emitter transistor based on stimulated emission of heated carriers.

Hot-carrier transistors are a class of devices that leverage the excess kinetic energy of carriers. Unlike regular transistors, which rely on steady-state carrier transport, hot-carrier transistors modulate carriers to high-energy states, resulting in enhanced device speed and functionality. These characteristics are essential for applications that demand rapid switching and high-frequency operations, such as advanced telecommunications and cutting-edge computing technologies1-5. However, the traditional mechanisms of hot-carrier generation are either carrier injection6-11 or acceleration12,13, which limit device performance in terms of power consumption and negative differential resistance14-17. Mixed-dimensional devices, which combine bulk and low-dimensional materials, can offer different mechanisms for hot-carrier generation by leveraging the diverse potential barriers formed by energy-band combinations18-21. Here we report a hot-emitter transistor based on double mixed-dimensional graphene/germanium Schottky junctions that uses stimulated emission of heated carriers to achieve a subthreshold swing lower than 1 millivolt per decade beyond the Boltzmann limit and a negative differential resistance with a peak-to-valley current ratio greater than 100 at room temperature. Multi-valued logic with a high inverter gain and reconfigurable logic states are further demonstrated. This work reports a multifunctional hot-emitter transistor with significant potential for low-power and negative-differential-resistance applications, marking a promising advancement for the post-Moore era.

The Guardian of Vision: Intelligent Bacteriophage-Based Eyedrops for Clinical Multidrug-Resistant Ocular Surface Infections.

Clinical multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) is the leading cause of refractory bacterial keratitis (BK). However, the reported BK treatment methods lack biosecurity and bioavailability, which usually causes irreversible visual impairment and even blindness. Herein, for BK caused by clinically isolated MDR-PA infection, armed phages are modularized with the type I photosensitizer (PS) ACR-DMT, and an intelligent phage eyedrop is developed for combined phagotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT). These eyedrops maximize the advantages of bacteriophages and ACR-DMT, enabling more robust and specific targeting killing of MDR-PA under low oxygen-dependence, penetrating and disrupting biofilms, and efficiently preventing biofilm reformation. Altering the biofilm and immune microenvironments alleviates inflammation noninvasively, promotes corneal healing without scar formation, protects ocular tissues, restores visual function, and prevents long-term discomfort and pain. This strategy exhibits strong scalability, enables at-home treatment of ocular surface infections with great patient compliance and a favorable prognosis, and has significant potential for clinical application.

A novel sandwich electrochemical immunosensor utilizing customized template and phosphotungstate catalytic amplification for CD44 detection.

A sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for the ultra-sensitive detection of CD44, a potential biomarker for breast cancer. In this design, a customized template-based ionic liquid (1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) carbon paste electrode (CILE) served as the sensing platform, and thionine/Au nanoparticles/covalent-organic frameworks (THI/Au/COF) were used as the signal label. Moreover, an enzyme-free signal amplification strategy was introduced by involving H2O2 and phosphotungstate (PW12) with peroxidase-like activity. Under optimized conditions, the linear range is as wide as six orders of magnitude, and the detection limit is as low as 0.71 pg mL-1 (estimated based on S/N = 3). Average recoveries range from 98.16 %-100.1 %, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.42-8.27 % in mouse serum, and from 98.44 %-99.06 %, with an RSD of 1.14-4.84 % (n = 3) in artificial saliva. Furthermore, the immunosensor exhibits excellent specificity toward CD44, good stability, and low cost, indicating great potential for application in clinical trials.

Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer based on coordination for the determination of trace banned substance furosemide in human urine.

Furosemide (FUR), banned in sports events by the World Anti-Doping Agency, is a key target in drug tests, necessitating a pretreatment material capable of selectively, rapidly, and sufficiently separating/enriching analytes from complex matrices. Herein, a metal-mediated magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (mMIP) was rationally designed and synthesized for the specific capture of FUR. The preparations involved the utilization of chromium (III) as the binding pivot, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane as functional monomer, and Fe3O4 as core, all assembled via free radical polymerization. Both the morphologies and adsorptive properties of the mMIP were characterized using multiple methods. The resulting Cr(III)-mediated mMIP (ChM-mMIP) presented excellent selectivity and specificity toward FUR. Under optimized conditions, the adsorption capacity reached 128.50 mg/g within 10 min, and the imprinting factor was 10.41. Moreover, it was also successfully applied as a dispersive solid-phase extraction material, enabling the detection of FUR concentration as low as 20 ng/mL in human urine samples when coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array. Overall, this study offers a valuable strategy for the development of novel recognition material.

Refining metallic nano-copper by electron-rich black carbon for superior Fenton-like catalysis in water purification: The capacitive regulation of corrosive electron transfer.

Transition metals are promising catalysts for environmental remediation. However, their low reactivity, poor stability and weak reusability largely limit practical applications. Herein, we report that the electron-rich dissolved black carbon (DBC) incorporated into the nanoscale zero-valent copper (nZVCu) can boost intrinsic reactivity, structural stability and cyclic reusability for superior peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and pollutant degradation. A series of refractory pollutants can be effectively removed on the DBC/nZVCu, in comparison with the nZVCu reference. Hydroxyl radical (‧OH) is identified as the dominant reactive oxygen species by electron spin resonance (ESR) and chemical quenching tests, mediated by the metastable Cu(III) as the key reactive intermediate. The electron-rich DBC protects nanoscale Cu from oxidative corrosion to slow down the surface formation of inert CuO layer, rendered by the thermodynamically and dynamically capacitive regulation of corrosive electron transfer from metallic core. By this refining way, the conducive DBC improves the neighboring utilization of reactive electron during metal corrosion, oxidant activation, radical generation and pollutant degradation in Fenton-like catalysis. Our findings suggest that the ubiquitous DBC can be an efficient chelating agent to refine transition metals by serving as the surface deactivator and electron mediator, and take new insights into their environmental and agricultural geochemistry.

Studying the Thermodynamic Phase Stability of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites Using Machine Learning.

As an important photovoltaic material, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted much attention in the field of solar cells, but their instability is one of the main challenges limiting their commercial application. However, the search for stable perovskites among the thousands of perovskite materials still faces great challenges. In this work, the energy above the convex hull values of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites was predicted based on four different machine learning algorithms, namely random forest regression (RFR), support vector machine regression (SVR), XGBoost regression, and LightGBM regression, to study the thermodynamic phase stability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. The results show that the LightGBM algorithm has a low prediction error and can effectively capture the key features related to the thermodynamic phase stability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. Meanwhile, the Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) method was used to analyze the prediction results based on the LightGBM algorithm. The third ionization energy of the B element is the most critical feature related to the thermodynamic phase stability, and the second key feature is the electron affinity of ions at the X site, which are significantly negatively correlated with the predicted values of energy above the convex hull (Ehull). In the screening of organic-inorganic perovskites with high stability, the third ionization energy of the B element and the electron affinity of ions at the X site is a worthy priority. The results of this study can help us to understand the correlation between the thermodynamic phase stability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites and the key features, which can assist with the rapid discovery of highly stable perovskite materials.

2-Heptanol inhibits Botrytis cinerea by accelerating amino acid metabolism and retarding membrane transport.

During the postharvest storage of tomatoes, they are susceptible to infection by Botrytis cinerea, leading to significant economic losses. This study evaluated the antifungal potential of 2-heptanol (2-HE), a volatile biogenic compound, against B. cinerea and explored the underlying antifungal mechanism. The results indicated that 2-HE effectively suppressed the growth of B. cinerea mycelia both in vivo and in vitro and stimulated the activities of antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in tomatoes. Furthermore, 2-HE reduced spore viability, compromised membrane integrity, and resulted in increased levels of extracellular nucleic acids, protein content, and membrane lipid peroxidation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 2-HE disrupted the membrane transport system and enhanced amino acid metabolism, which led to intracellular nutrient depletion and subsequent B. cinerea cell death. Additionally, the 2-HE treatment did not negatively impact the appearance or quality of the tomatoes. In conclusion, the findings of this study offer insights into the use of 2-HE as a biocontrol agent in food and agricultural applications.

Highly tunable ground and excited state excitonic dipoles in multilayer 2H-MoSe2.

The fundamental properties of an exciton are determined by the spin, valley, energy, and spatial wavefunctions of the Coulomb-bound electron and hole. In van der Waals materials, these attributes can be widely engineered through layer stacking configuration to create highly tunable interlayer excitons with static out-of-plane electric dipoles, at the expense of the strength of the oscillating in-plane dipole responsible for light-matter coupling. Here we show that interlayer excitons in bi- and tri-layer 2H-MoSe2 crystals exhibit electric-field-driven coupling with the ground (1s) and excited states (2s) of the intralayer A excitons. We demonstrate that the hybrid states of these distinct exciton species provide strong oscillator strength, large permanent dipoles (up to 0.73 ± 0.01 enm), high energy tunability (up to ~200 meV), and full control of the spin and valley characteristics such that the exciton g-factor can be manipulated over a large range (from -4 to +14). Further, we observe the bi- and tri-layer excited state (2s) interlayer excitons and their coupling with the intralayer excitons states (1s and 2s). Our results, in good agreement with a coupled oscillator model with spin (layer)-selectivity and beyond standard density functional theory calculations, promote multilayer 2H-MoSe2 as a highly tunable platform to explore exciton-exciton interactions with strong light-matter interactions.

Diagnostic performance of acoustic radiation force impulse for acute pancreatitis: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, Chinese Biological Medicine databases, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System were searched for relevant studies to explore the potential diagnostic performance of ARFI in AP from inception to November 2023. STATA 14.0 was used to analyze the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI), pooled sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, meta-regression analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias. RESULTS: Nine studies, involving 533 AP patients and 585 healthy controls, were included. AP patients had significantly higher ARFI levels than healthy controls (SMD: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.88-4.39, P = .001). The area under the curve of ARFI for diagnosing AP was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98-1.00), with 98% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Meta-regression identified the study region and study period as the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis showed that the exclusion of any single study did not materially alter the overall combined effect. No evidence of publication bias was observed in the included studies. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrated that ARFI exerted satisfactory diagnostic performance in AP.

Biomimetic Cancer-Targeting Nanoplatform Boosting AIEgens-Based Photodynamic Therapy and Ferroptosis by Disrupting Redox-Homeostasis.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer (AIE-PS) holds tremendous potential but is limited by its inherent disadvantages and the high concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells that can neutralize ROS to weaken PDT. Herein, we designed a nanodelivery system (CM-HSADSP@[PS-Sor]) in which albumin was utilized as a carrier for hydrophobic drug AIE-PS and Sorafenib, cross-linkers with disulfide bonds were introduced to form a nanogel core, and then cancer cell membranes were wrapped on its surface to confer homologous tumor targeting ability. A two-way strategy was employed to disturb redox-homeostasis through blocking GSH synthesis by Sorafenib and consuming excess GSH via abundant disulfide bonds, thereby promoting the depletion of GSH, which in turn increased the ROS levels in cancer cells to amplify the efficacy of ferroptosis and PDT, achieving an efficient in vivo antibreast cancer effect. This study brings a new strategy for ROS-based cancer therapy and expands the application of an albumin-based drug delivery system.

Fabricating Ultrathin Imprinting Layer for Fast Capture of Valsartan via a Metal Affinity-Oriented Surface Imprinting Method.

Rapid separation and enrichment of targets in biological matrixes are of significant interest in multiple life sciences disciplines. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have vital applications in extraction and sample cleanup owing to their excellent specificity and selectivity. However, the low mass transfer rate, caused by the heterogeneity of imprinted cavities in polymer networks and strong driving forces, significantly limits its application in high-throughput analysis. Herein, one novel metal affinity-oriented surface imprinting method was proposed to fabricate an MIP with an ultrathin imprinting layer. MIPs were prepared by immobilized template molecules on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with metal ions as bridges via coordination, and then polymerization was done. Under the optimized conditions, the thickness of the imprinting layer was merely 1 nm, and the adsorption toward VAL well matched the Langmuir model. Moreover, it took just 5 min to achieve adsorption equilibrium significantly faster than other reported MIPs toward VAL. Adsorption capacity still can reach 25.3 mg/g ascribed to the high imprinting efficiency of the method (the imprinting factor was as high as 5). All evidence proved that recognition sites were all external cavities and were evenly distributed on the surface of the NPs. The obtained MIP NPs exhibited excellent selectivity and specificity toward VAL, with good dispersibility and stability. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, it was successfully used as a dispersed solid phase extraction material to determine VAL in serum. Average recoveries are over 90.0% with relative standard deviations less than 2.14% at three spiked levels (n = 3). All evidence testified that the MIPs fabricated with the proposed method showed a fast trans mass rate and a large rebinding capacity. The method can potentially use high-throughput separation and enrichment of target molecules in batch samples to meet practical applications.

Metal telluride nanosheets by scalable solid lithiation and exfoliation.

Transition metal tellurides (TMTs) have been ideal materials for exploring exotic properties in condensed-matter physics, chemistry and materials science1-3. Although TMT nanosheets have been produced by top-down exfoliation, their scale is below the gram level and requires a long processing time, restricting their effective application from laboratory to market4-8. We report the fast and scalable synthesis of a wide variety of MTe2 (M = Nb, Mo, W, Ta, Ti) nanosheets by the solid lithiation of bulk MTe2 within 10 min and their subsequent hydrolysis within seconds. Using NbTe2 as a representative, we produced more than a hundred grams (108 g) of NbTe2 nanosheets with 3.2 nm mean thickness, 6.2 µm mean lateral size and a high yield (>80%). Several interesting quantum phenomena, such as quantum oscillations and giant magnetoresistance, were observed that are generally restricted to highly crystalline MTe2 nanosheets. The TMT nanosheets also perform well as electrocatalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries and electrodes for microsupercapacitors (MSCs). Moreover, this synthesis method is efficient for preparing alloyed telluride, selenide and sulfide nanosheets. Our work opens new opportunities for the universal and scalable synthesis of TMT nanosheets for exploring new quantum phenomena, potential applications and commercialization.

Percutaneous microwave ablation versus sclerotherapy for large hepatic hemangioma: a multi-center cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) and percutaneous sclerotherapy (PS) for the treatment of large hepatic hemangioma (LHH). METHODS: This retrospective study included 96 patients who underwent MWA (n = 54) and PS (n = 42) as first-line treatment for LHH in three tertiary hospitals from January 2016 to December 2021. Primary outcomes were technique efficacy rate (volume reduction rate [VRR] > 50% at 12 months), symptom relief rate at 12 months and local tumor progression (LTP). Secondary outcomes included procedure time, major complications, treatment sessions, cost and one-, two-, three-year VRR. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 36 months, the MWA group showed a higher technique efficacy rate (100% vs. 90.4%, p = .018) and symptom relief rate (100% vs. 80%, p = .123) than the PS group. The MWA group had fewer treatment sessions, higher one-, two- and three-year VRR, lower LTP rate (all p < .05), longer procedure time and higher treatment costs than the PS group (both p < .001). MWA shared a comparable major complications rate (1.8% vs. 2.4%, p = .432) with PS. After multivariate analysis, the lesion's heterogeneity and maximum diameter >8.1 cm were independent risk factors for LTP (all p < .05). In the PS group, lesions with a cumulative dose of bleomycin > 0.115 mg/cm3 had a lower risk of LTP (p = .006). CONCLUSIONS: Both MWA and PS treatments for large hepatic hemangioma are safe and effective, with MWA being superior in terms of efficacy.

Prediction of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Band Gap by Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms.

As an indicator of the optical characteristics of perovskite materials, the band gap is a crucial parameter that impacts the functionality of a wide range of optoelectronic devices. Obtaining the band gap of a material via a labor-intensive, time-consuming, and inefficient high-throughput calculation based on first principles is possible. However, it does not yield the most accurate results. Machine learning techniques emerge as a viable and effective substitute for conventional approaches in band gap prediction. This paper collected 201 pieces of data through the literature and open-source databases. By separating the features related to bits A, B, and X, a dataset of 1208 pieces of data containing 30 feature descriptors was established. The dataset underwent preprocessing, and the Pearson correlation coefficient method was employed to eliminate non-essential features as a subset of features. The band gap was predicted using the GBR algorithm, the random forest algorithm, the LightGBM algorithm, and the XGBoost algorithm, in that order, to construct a prediction model for organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. The outcomes demonstrate that the XGBoost algorithm yielded an MAE value of 0.0901, an MSE value of 0.0173, and an R2 value of 0.991310. These values suggest that, compared to the other two models, the XGBoost model exhibits the lowest prediction error, suggesting that the input features may better fit the prediction model. Finally, analysis of the XGBoost-based prediction model's prediction results using the SHAP model interpretation method reveals that the occupancy rate of the A-position ion has the greatest impact on the prediction of the band gap and has an A-negative correlation with the prediction results of the band gap. The findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between the prediction of band gaps and significant characteristics of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites.

Fluorinated Cell-Penetrating Peptide for Co-Delivering siHIF-1α and Sorafenib to Enhance In Vitro Anti-Tumor Efficacy.

Antiangiogenic therapy with sorafenib (SF) alone is ineffective in eradicating tumors, and its long-term application can exacerbate tumor hypoxia, which in turn restricts SF's therapeutic efficacy. Here, a redox-responsive fluorinated peptide (DEN-TAT-PFC) consisting of dendritic poly-lysine, cell-penetrating peptide TAT, and perfluorocarbon was designed and synthesized to co-load siRNA-targeting hypoxia-inducible factors (siHIF-1α) and SF. The unique architecture of the peptide and fluorinated modifications enhanced the siRNA delivery efficiency, including increased siRNA binding, GSH-responsive release, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and serum resistance. Simultaneously, the DEN-TAT-PFC/SF/siHIF-1α co-delivery system achieved efficient knockdown of HIF-1α at mRNA and protein levels, thus alleviating hypoxia and further substantially reducing VEGF expression. Additionally, the excellent oxygen-carrying ability of DEN-TAT-PFC may facilitate relief of the hypoxic microenvironment. As a result of these synergistic effects, DEN-TAT-PFC/SF/siHIF-1α exhibited considerable anti-tumor cell proliferation and anti-angiogenesis effects. Therefore, DEN-TAT-PFC can be a versatile platform for fabricating fluorine-containing drugs/siRNA complex nano-systems.

Analgesic Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy before Heel Lance for Pain Management in Healthy Term Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Currently, the prevention, assessment, and management of procedural pain in neonates continues to challenge clinicians and researchers. Objective. To investigate the analgesic effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) during heel lance compared to breast milk (BM) feeding in healthy term neonates. In this randomized controlled trial, healthy term neonates who underwent heel lance were randomly assigned to an LLLT or a BM group. The LLLT group received laser therapy to the heel lance site for 20 s before heel lance. The BM group received 5 mL expressed BM via a syringe before heel lance. The primary outcomes were behavioral responses. The secondary outcomes were physiological responses and levels of salivary cortisol and α-amylase. A total of 125 neonates were included, of whom 55 in the LLLT group and 59 in the BM group completed the study. There were no significant differences in latency to first cry and cry duration between the two groups. The squeeze time was significantly shorter in the LLLT group than in the BM group (p = 0.047). There were no significant differences in pain scores, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure before and after heel lance between the two groups. There were no significant differences in salivary cortisol and α-amylase levels in the LLLT group before and after heel lance; however, the differences were significant in the BM group. These findings suggest that the analgesic effect of LLLT is similar to that of BM during heel lance in healthy term neonates. LLLT has potential as an analgesic treatment.

Application of Nano-Carbon in lymph node dissection and protection of parathyroid glands in 3D laparoscopic thyroidectomy / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To explore the clinical significance of Nano-Carbon particles and 3D laparoscopy in central compartment lymph node dissection and parathyroid glands protection in treatment of cN0 thyroid cancer. Methods We conduct a retrospective analysis of sixty-five patients with cN0 thyroid cancer who were received 3D laparoscopic thyroidectomy in the last 3 years. All patients were received total resection of thyroid plus the affected side and (or) contralateral side central compartment lymph node dissection. All patients were allocated to control group (n = 32) and carbon nano-particles trace group (tracer group, n = 33). The lymph node-related indexes (including number of dissected lymph node at Ⅵ area, number of Metastatic lymph node and Frozen lymph node-positive rate at Ⅵ area), serum calcium (24 h after surgery) and PTH (48 h after surgery) were collected and compared between the 2 groups. Results Number of dissected lymph node at Ⅵ area, positive rates of intraoperative frozen-section examination of parathyroid glands and PTH (48 h after surgery) were found statistical higher in nanoparticles group than control (P < 0.05). No statistical difference were found in Number of Metastatic lymph node and serum calcium (24 h after surgery) (P < 0.05). Conclusion The clinical significance of carbon nanoparticles and 3D laparoscopy is effective and feasible for central compartment lymph node dissection and parathyroid glands protection in treatment of cN0 thyroid cancer.

Application of Nano-Carbon in lymph node dissection and protection of parathyroid glands in 3D laparoscopic thyroidectomy / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To explore the clinical significance of Nano-Carbon particles and 3D laparoscopy in central compartment lymph node dissection and parathyroid glands protection in treatment of cN0 thyroid cancer. Methods We conduct a retrospective analysis of sixty-five patients with cN0 thyroid cancer who were received 3D laparoscopic thyroidectomy in the last 3 years. All patients were received total resection of thyroid plus the affected side and (or) contralateral side central compartment lymph node dissection. All patients were allocated to control group (n = 32) and carbon nano-particles trace group (tracer group, n = 33). The lymph node-related indexes (including number of dissected lymph node at Ⅵ area, number of Metastatic lymph node and Frozen lymph node-positive rate at Ⅵ area), serum calcium (24 h after surgery) and PTH (48 h after surgery) were collected and compared between the 2 groups. Results Number of dissected lymph node at Ⅵ area, positive rates of intraoperative frozen-section examination of parathyroid glands and PTH (48 h after surgery) were found statistical higher in nanoparticles group than control (P < 0.05). No statistical difference were found in Number of Metastatic lymph node and serum calcium (24 h after surgery) (P < 0.05). Conclusion The clinical significance of carbon nanoparticles and 3D laparoscopy is effective and feasible for central compartment lymph node dissection and parathyroid glands protection in treatment of cN0 thyroid cancer.

Superfine comminution of Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots by vibration mill / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the mechanism of superfine comminution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) at low temperature.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots were at room superfinely comminuted temperature and at low temperature by cryogenic vibration mill. The superfine powders were observed and analyzed by laser particle size analyzer and SEM.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The powder processed at low temperature was of smaller effective diameter and narrower size distribution and was also with smoother surface and smaller angle of repose.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The G. uralensis roots could be superfinely comminuted with high efficiency and simple procedure by vibration mill at low temperature.</p>