RESUMEN
Crotonylation is an importantly conserved post-translational modification, which is completely different from acetylation. In recent years, it has been confirmed that crotonylation occurs on histone and non-histone. Crotonylated Histone primarily affects gene expression through transcriptional regulation, while non-histone Crotonylation mainly regulates protein functions including protein activity, localization, and stability, as well as protein-protein interactions. The change in protein expression and function will affect the physiological process of cells and even cause disease. Reviewing previous studies, this article summarizes the mechanisms of histone and non-histone crotonylation in regulating diseases and cellular physiological processes to explore the possibility of precise regulation of crotonylation sites as potential targets for disease treatment.
RESUMEN
Freshness is one of the main factors affecting consumers' purchase of food. The freshness indicator labels of packaged fresh green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and greengrocery (Brassica chinensis L.) were constructed, and pH-sensitive indicator labels based on the dye of anthocyanin and the mixing dye of methyl red and bromothymol blue were prepared in this study. At the same time, the color, chlorophyll content and vitamin C content of vegetables were measured in order to explore the applicability of indicator labels in the cool chain transportation of vegetables. Compared with the nature dye, the chemical dye-type indicator labels are more sensitive to pH changes. The results showed that the mixed indicator intelligent label had the best indication effect, and the MB 2 (mixing 1 g/L methyl red and bromothymol blue solutions at a ratio of 3:2 with a concentration of 70 mL/L in indicator film solution) indicator label could effectively indicate the freshness changes in vegetables during storage. Meanwhile, the color changes of the MB 2-type indicator label were correlated with the colors change of the sample, changes in nutrients, and changes in CO2 content inside the packaging. In addition, freshness detection models for green bell pepper and greengrocery by using color information of MB 2 intelligent labels were established. Hence, this pH-sensitive label can be applied as a promising intelligent packaging for non-destructively monitoring the freshness of respiratory and non-respiratory climacteric vegetables.
RESUMEN
Berry fruits have attracted increasing more attention of the food processing industry as well as consumers due to their widely acclaimed advantages as highly effective anti-oxidant properties which may provide protection against some cancers as well as aging. However, the conventional extraction methods are inefficient and wasteful of solvent utilization. This paper presents a critical overview of some novel extraction methods applicable to berries, including pressurized-liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction as well as some combined extraction methods. When combined with conventional methods, the new technologies can be more efficient and environmentally friendly. Additionally, high quality processing of the functional extracts from berry fruits, such as refined processing technology, is introduced in this review. Finally, progress of applications of berry functional extracts in the food industry is described in detail; this should encourage further scientific research and industrial utilization.