Comparing Business, Innovation, and Platform Ecosystems: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

In recent decades, the term "ecosystem" has garnered substantial attention in scholarly and managerial discourse, featuring prominently in academic and applied contexts. While individual scholars have made significant contributions to the study of various types of ecosystem, there appears to be a research gap marked by a lack of comprehensive synthesis and refinement of findings across diverse ecosystems. This paper systematically addresses this gap through a hybrid methodology, employing bibliometric and content analyses to systematically review the literature from 1993 to 2023. The primary research aim is to critically examine theoretical studies on different ecosystem types, specifically focusing on business, innovation, and platform ecosystems. The methodology of this study involves a content review of the identified literature, combining quantitative bibliometric analyses to differentiate patterns and content analysis for in-depth exploration. The core findings center on refining and summarizing the definitions of business, innovation, and platform ecosystems, shedding light on both commonalities and distinctions. Notably, the research unveils shared characteristics such as openness and diversity across these ecosystems while highlighting significant differences in terms of participants and objectives. Furthermore, the paper delves into the interconnections within these three ecosystem types, offering insights into their dynamics and paving the way for discussions on future research directions. This comprehensive examination not only advances our understanding of business, innovation, and platform ecosystems but also lays the groundwork for future scholarly inquiries in this dynamic and evolving field.

Quantitative pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies for fluorescent imaging agents.

Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies are essential for characterizing fluorescent agents in vivo. However, few simple methods based on fluorescence imaging are available that account for tissue optical properties and sample volume differences. We describe a method for simultaneously quantifying mean fluorescence intensity of whole blood and homogenized tissues in glass capillary tubes for two fluorescent agents, ABY-029 and IRDye 680LT, using wide-field imaging and tissue-specific calibration curves. All calibration curves demonstrated a high degree of linearity with mean R2 = 0.99 ± 0.01 and RMSE = 0.12 ± 0.04. However, differences between linear regressions indicate that tissue-specific calibration curves are required for accurate concentration recovery. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for all samples tested was determined to be < 0.3 nM for ABY-029 and < 0.4 nM for IRDye 680LT.

The social network perspective on power system co-evolution: responses to "double carbon target" realization in China.

The introduction of dual carbon targets will significantly impact power system development. Despite this, there is currently limited research on achieving system evolution and transition while ensuring safety, low-carbon output, and efficiency, as well as quantitatively analyzing the resulting changes dual carbon targets will have on the power system. Co-evolution of the power system offers a solution to balance the impact of dual carbon goals and enhance interaction among system entities, thereby facilitating the achievement of these goals. Our study focuses on constructing an evolutionary topological network by analyzing the dynamic evolution rule of power systems. We investigate the co-evolution pattern of power systems by analyzing the relationship between the role of power system agents and their dynamic structures. Furthermore, we analyze the future structural changes of power systems, which can provide theoretical support for achieving dual carbon goals in the power system. Our findings highlight key measures to promote synergistic evolution, including increasing energy storage capabilities, stabilizing renewable energy supply, breaking inter-provincial barriers in electricity transmission, and developing a multi-level intelligent power system. Through link analysis, we discover that future power systems will maintain a mild coordination among agents rather than implementing large-scale realignment and reconfiguration. We posit that overcoming obstacles can be achieved by fostering cohesion between the network and agents through technological innovation and widespread market diffusion to drive co-evolution.

Subsurface fluorescence time-of-flight imaging using a large-format single-photon avalanche diode sensor for tumor depth assessment.

Significance: Fluorescence guidance is used clinically by surgeons to visualize anatomical and/or physiological phenomena in the surgical field that are difficult or impossible to detect by the naked eye. Such phenomena include tissue perfusion or molecular phenotypic information about the disease being resected. Conventional fluorescence-guided surgery relies on long, microsecond scale laser pulses to excite fluorescent probes. However, this technique only provides two-dimensional information; crucial depth information, such as the location of malignancy below the tissue surface, is not provided. Aim: We developed a depth sensing imaging technique using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) time-of-flight (TOF) technology to sense the depth of target tissue while overcoming the influence of tissue optical properties and fluorescent probe concentration. Approach: The technology is based on a large-format (512×512 pixel), binary, gated, single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) sensor with an 18 ps time-gate step, synchronized with a picosecond pulsed laser. The fast response of the sensor was developed and tested for its ability to quantify fluorescent inclusions at depth and optical properties in tissue-like phantoms through analytical model fitting of the fast temporal remission data. Results: After calibration and algorithmic extraction of the data, the SPAD LiDAR technique allowed for sub-mm resolution depth sensing of fluorescent inclusions embedded in tissue-like phantoms, up to a maximum of 5 mm in depth. The approach provides robust depth sensing even in the presence of variable tissue optical properties and separates the effects of fluorescence depth from absorption and scattering variations. Conclusions: LiDAR TOF fluorescence imaging using an SPAD camera provides both fluorescence intensity images and the temporal profile of fluorescence, which can be used to determine the depth at which the signal is emitted over a wide field of view. The proposed tool enables fluorescence imaging at a higher depth in tissue and with higher spatial precision than standard, steady-state fluorescence imaging tools, such as intensity-based near-infrared fluorescence imaging, optical coherence tomography, Raman spectroscopy, or confocal microscopy. Integration of this technique into a standard surgical tool could enable rapid, more accurate estimation of resection boundaries, thereby improving the surgeon's efficacy and efficiency, and ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Impaired night-time mobility in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

Impaired bed mobility (IBM) is a symptom characteristic of patients having difficulty intentionally moving their bodies during nighttime sleep. IBM is one of the most common nocturnal symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and may lead to extreme pain and even death; it also increases the burden on the patients' caregivers. In this systematic review, we included 19 studies involving a total of 1,407 patients with PD to observe the causes, assessment methods, and treatment options for IBM. We conclude that the extent of IBM is positively correlated with the severity of symptoms such as disease duration, dyskinesia and decreased sleep quality in patients with PD, and the evidence implies that IBM may be able to serve as a prodromal feature in the development of PD. IBM probably results from low nocturnal dopamine concentrations, reduced function of the spinal tract, torque problems in the muscles, and aging. Therefore, treatment is mostly based on continuously increasing the patient's nocturnal dopamine concentration, while deep brain stimulation (DBS) also has a mitigating effect on IBM. Both scales and sensors are commonly used to measure the severity of IBM, the wearable device monitoring and scales being updated makes measurements easier and more accurate. The future of the advancement in this field lies in the use of more family-oriented devices (such as smart phones or watches and bracelets, etc.) to monitor IBM's symptoms and select the appropriate therapeutic treatment according to the severity of the symptoms to relieve patients' suffering.

Stealth Liposomes Encapsulating a Potent ACAT1/SOAT1 Inhibitor F12511: Pharmacokinetic, Biodistribution, and Toxicity Studies in Wild-Type Mice and Efficacy Studies in Triple Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice.

Cholesterol is essential for cellular function and is stored as cholesteryl esters (CEs). CEs biosynthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (ACAT1 and ACAT2), with ACAT1 being the primary isoenzyme in most cells in humans. In Alzheimer's Disease, CEs accumulate in vulnerable brain regions. Therefore, ACATs may be promising targets for treating AD. F12511 is a high-affinity ACAT1 inhibitor that has passed phase 1 safety tests for antiatherosclerosis. Previously, we developed a nanoparticle system to encapsulate a large concentration of F12511 into a stealth liposome (DSPE-PEG2000 with phosphatidylcholine). Here, we injected the nanoparticle encapsulated F12511 (nanoparticle F) intravenously (IV) in wild-type mice and performed an HPLC/MS/MS analysis and ACAT enzyme activity measurement. The results demonstrated that F12511 was present within the mouse brain after a single IV but did not overaccumulate in the brain or other tissues after repeated IVs. A histological examination showed that F12511 did not cause overt neurological or systemic toxicity. We then showed that a 2-week IV delivery of nanoparticle F to aging 3xTg AD mice ameliorated amyloidopathy, reduced hyperphosphorylated tau and nonphosphorylated tau, and reduced neuroinflammation. This work lays the foundation for nanoparticle F to be used as a possible therapy for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Increased FOXM1 Expression was Associated with the Prognosis and the Recruitment of Neutrophils in Endometrial Cancer.

Background: Although the biological functions of Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) were explored in a variety of cancer, to date, however, little attention has been paid to the situation of FOXM1 in EC endometrial cancer (EC). Method: Bioinformatics analysis, including GEPIA, TIMER, cBioPortal, LinkedOmics, and STRING were used to analyze the FOXM1 gene expression, genetic alteration, and immune cell infiltration in EC. IHC staining, qPCR, cell viability, and migration assay were applied to identify the functions of FOXM1 in EC. Results: FOXM1 was highly expressed in EC tissues and closely correlated with the prognosis of EC patients. FOXM1 knockdown inhibited EC cell proliferation and invasion as well as migration. FOXM1 genetic alteration was verified in EC patients. Coexpression network of FOXM1 indicated that it had roles in the EC cell cycle and the infiltration of immune cells in EC. Furthermore, bioinformatic and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that FOXM1 induced the increased CD276 expression and also enhanced the neutrophil recruitment in EC. Conclusion: Our present study discovered a novel role of FOXM1 in EC, suggesting FOXM1 could be treated as a potential prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target in EC diagnosis and treatment.

Dual-Ion Co-intercalation Mechanism on a Na2V6O16·3H2O Cathode with a Commercial-Level Mass Loading for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries with High Areal Capacity.

A proton (H+) and zinc ion (Zn2+) co-insertion model is put forward in this study to elucidate the capacity origin of an aqueous zinc ion battery (ZIB) based on a heavily loaded (∼15 mg cm-2) cathode, which consists of Na2V6O16·3H2O (NVO) embedded particularly in the macropores of activated carbon cloth (ACC), coupled with a highly stable Zn/In anode. The confinement effect of these porous channels not only prevents the detachment of NVO from ACC but also well mitigates its volume change resulting from H+ and Zn2+ co-intercalation, which collectively render the stability of NVO/ACC markedly enhanced. Moreover, the bicontinuous structure of NVO/ACC, as a result of the self-interlacing of intrapore NVO, which is first engineered into the nanobelts, and their interlocking with the carbon fibers of ACC, simultaneously giving rise to a solid and a holey framework, is favorable to the electron and ion transport throughout the entire electrode. The synergistic effect of such facile charge transfer kinetics and the high packing density of NVO in the cathode endows ZIBs with not only a good rate performance but also an exceptional areal capacity amounting to 4.6 mAh cm-2, far surpassing those reported for additional vanadium-based counterparts reported in the literature.

Artificial Intelligence in Food Safety: A Decade Review and Bibliometric Analysis.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have been powerful solutions used to improve food yield, quality, and nutrition, increase safety and traceability while decreasing resource consumption, and eliminate food waste. Compared with several qualitative reviews on AI in food safety, we conducted an in-depth quantitative and systematic review based on the Core Collection database of WoS (Web of Science). To discover the historical trajectory and identify future trends, we analysed the literature concerning AI technologies in food safety from 2012 to 2022 by CiteSpace. In this review, we used bibliometric methods to describe the development of AI in food safety, including performance analysis, science mapping, and network analysis by CiteSpace. Among the 1855 selected articles, China and the United States contributed the most literature, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences released the largest number of relevant articles. Among all the journals in this field, PLoS ONE and Computers and Electronics in Agriculture ranked first and second in terms of annual publications and co-citation frequency. The present character, hot spots, and future research trends of AI technologies in food safety research were determined. Furthermore, based on our analyses, we provide researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with the big picture of research on AI in food safety across the whole process, from precision agriculture to precision nutrition, through 28 enlightening articles.

Integrated Application of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrophied Skeletal Muscle Induced in Tail-Suspended Rats.

Long-term exposure to microgravity leads to muscle atrophy, which is primarily characterized by a loss of muscle mass and strength and reduces one's functional capability. A weightlessness-induced muscle atrophy model was established using the tail suspension test to evaluate the intervention or therapeutic effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on muscle atrophy. The rats were divided into five groups at random: the model group (B), the normal control group (NC), the sham-ultrasound control group (SUC), the LIPUS of 50 mW/cm2 radiation group (50 UR), and the LIPUS of 150 mW/cm2 radiation group (150 UR). Body weight, gastrocnemius weight, muscle force, and B-ultrasound images were used to evaluate muscle atrophy status. Results showed that the body weight, gastrocnemius weight, and image entropy of the tail suspension group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.01), confirming the presence of muscle atrophy. Although the results show that the muscle force and two weights of the rats stimulated by LIPUS are still much smaller than those of the NC group, they are significantly different from those of the pure tail suspension B group (p < 0.01). On day 14, the gastrocnemius forces of the rats exposed to 50 mW/cm2 and 150 mW/cm2 LIPUS were 150% and 165% of those in the B group. The gastrocnemius weights were both 135% of those in the B group. This suggests that ultrasound can, to a certain extent, prevent muscular atrophy.

Highly Efficient Recovery of H2 from Industrial Waste by Sunlight-Driven Photoelectrocatalysis over a ZnS/Bi2S3/ZnO Photoelectrode.

Hydrogen (H2) fuel production from hazardous contaminants is not only of economic importance but also of significance for the environment and health. Hydrogen production is exemplified in this work by using bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) sandwiched in between zinc sulfide (ZnS) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as dual-heterojunction photoelectrode to photoelectrochemically extract H2 from sulfide- and sulfite-containing wastewater, which is emitted in enormous quantities from the petrochemical industries. The H2 evolution rate over the ZnS/Bi2S3/ZnO photoelectrode under solar illumination amounts to 112.8 µmol cm-2 h-1, of which the photocurrent density in the meantime reaches 10.7 mA cm-2, by far exceeding those reported for additional Bi2S3-based counterparts in the literature. Such superior performance is ascribed on one hand to the broadband sunlight-harvesting ability of Bi2S3 that gives rise to respectable photoexcited electron-hole pairs. These photogenerated charge carriers are subsequently rectified by the built-in electric field at the ZnS/Bi2S3 and Bi2S3/ZnO heterojunctions to flow in the opposite directions to well circumvent the recombination losses and, most importantly, in turn contribute substantially to the H2 evolution reaction.

FOXM1 as a prognostic biomarker promotes endometrial cancer progression via transactivation of SLC27A2 expression.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most important gynecological cancers, but its pathogenesis is not clearly understood, and it also lacks an effective treatment. The nuclear transcriptional protein forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) has crucial functions in the development and progression of cancer and is treated as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in many types of cancers. However, the situation and underlying mechanisms of FOXM1's involvement in EC is largely underestimated. In our present study, we found FOXM1 was overexpressed in EC, including endometrioid (EEC) and serous (SEC). High expression of FOXM1 was meaningfully associated with a poor prognosis of EC patients as well as with EC pathological stages and clinical grades. Knocking down FOXM1 could significantly reduce the proliferation and migration capacity of AN3CA and ISHIKAWA cells. Furthermore, our RNA-seq results indicated that the knockdown of FOXM1 mainly affects downstream metabolic genes in EC cells. Finally, we also discovered one potential functional pathway, FOXM1-SLC27A2, which may contribute to EC progression. Taken together, the high expression of FOXM1 is closely associated with the prognosis, pathological stages, and clinical grades of EC patients. FOXM1 can promote the proliferation and migration of EC cells. Through SLC27A2, FOXM1 may influence the metabolic activity of EC cells, and FOXM1-SLC27A signaling could be treated as a potential cellular target for a therapeutic strategy of EC.

Systematic characterization and simultaneous quantification of the multiple components of Rhododendron dauricum based on high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry.

Rhododendron dauricum L. has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat cough and asthma and relieve phlegm and bronchitis. In this study, a reliable method based on high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was established to systematically identify and quantify the components in this herb for the first time. A total of 33 compounds were identified, including 24 flavonoids, six phenolic acids, two coumarins and one terpene. Among them, poriolin (17), farrerol-7-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside (20), and syzalterin (30) were isolated from this plant for the first time, and quercetin-3-ß-d-(6-p-hydroxy benzoyl) galactoside (19), quercetin-3-ß-d-(6-p-coumaroyl) galactoside (21), and myrciacetin (23) were identified from this genus for the first time. Fragmentation pathways of flavonoids also have been investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Moreover, seven bioactive constituents, namely, gallic acid (1), scopoletin (6), dihydroquercetin (7), quercetin (22), kaempferol (25), 8-desmethyl farrerol (27), and farrerol (28), were simultaneously quantified. The developed method has been validated and applied to analyze ten samples of R. dauricum from Hebei Province successfully. The contents of the seven compounds have been detected and compared.

[Laparoscopic Y-shaped polypropylene mesh for uterine and vaginal vault prolapse].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness oflaparoscopic Y-shaped polypropylene mesh in the treatment of uterine and vaginal vault prolapse. METHODS: Between June 2010 and December 2012, 24 patients with uterine and vaginal vault prolapse were treated by laparoscopic pelvic reconstruction (vagina and uterus-sacral fixation) with Y-shaped polypropylene mesh. The age of patients was 35-60 years (mean, 48.6 years). The disease duration was 2-8 years (mean, 5 years). According to the pelvic organ prolapse quatitative (POP-Q) classification by International Continence Society (ICS), 16 cases were classified as uterine prolapsed degree II and 8 cases as degree III; 15 cases were classified as vaginal prolapse degree I, 7 cases as degree II, and 2 cases as degree III. All patients received postoperative follow-up regularly. Subjective evaluation was done based on prolapse quality of life questionnaire (P-QOL), and objective evaluation based on POP-Q classification. RESULTS: All the patients were operated successfully. The operation time was 22-68 minutes (mean, 33 minutes); the blood loss was 30-80 mL (mean, 51 mL); the indwelling urethral catheter remain was 3-7 days (mean, 4 days); and the hospitalization days were 4-9 days (mean, 6.8 days). Twenty-four patients were followed up 3-12 months (mean, 9 months), of whom, 2 were followed up less than 6 months. All patients had normal urination after withdrawal of urethral catheter, and the residual urine volume was in normal range. No patients had mesh erosion and discomfort during sex, vaginal and anal bearing down. The P-QOL scores at 3, 6, and 12 months after operation were significantly improved when compared with the preoperative value (P < 0.05); but there was no significant difference among 3, 6, and 12 months after operation (P > 0.05). The postoperative POP-Q classification was degree 0 in 19 cases and degree I in 3 cases, and the objective cure rate was 91.7%. No recurrence was found during followup. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic Y-shaped polypropylene mesh for treatment of uterine and vaginal vault prolapse is a safe and effective method, especially applicable to preserve the uterus, and higher requirements of sexual life of patients.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha rs1800629 polymorphism and risk of cervical lesions: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine which may play important role on the immune response may control the progression of cervical lesions. There is a possible association between TNF-α rs1800629 G/A polymorphism and cervical lesions, but previous studies report conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the association between TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism and cervical lesions risk. METHODS: Literature searches of Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Wanfang databases were performed for all publications on the association between TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism and cervical lesions through December 15, 2012. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence interval (95%CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association. RESULTS: Twenty individual case-control studies from 19 publications with a total of 4,146 cases and 4,731 controls were finally included into the meta-analysis. Overall, TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of cervical lesions under two main genetic comparison models (For A versus G: OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.04-1.44, P = 0.017; for AA versus GG: OR 1.32, 95%CI 1.02-1.71, P = 0.034). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity further showed that there was a significant association between TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism and increased risk of cervical lesions in Caucasians but not in Asians. Subgroup analysis by the types of cervical lesions showed that there was a significant association between TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism and increased risk of cervical cancer (For A versus G: OR 1.24, 95%CI 1.05-1.47, P = 0.011; for AA versus GG: OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.01-1.70, P = 0.043; for AA/GA versus GG: OR 1.25, 95%CI 1.01-1.54, P = 0.039). CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis suggests that TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism is associated with increased risk of cervical lesions, especially in Caucasians.

Synthesis of the 6-deoxytalose-containing tri- and hexasaccharides of the O-antigen polysaccharide from Mesorhizobium huakuii IFO15243T.

The synthesis of a trisaccharide and a hexasaccharide, the monomer and dimer of the repeating unit of O-antigen polysaccharide from Mesorhizobium huakuii IFO15243, has been accomplished through suitable protecting group manipulations and stereoselective glycosylation reactions starting from commercially available l-rhamnose. The target oligosaccharides in the form of their p-methoxyphenyl glycosides are suitable for further glycoconjugate formation via selective cleavage of this group.