Clinical guideline on magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (2021 edition).

With the development and generalization of endoscopic technology and screening, clinical application of magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG) has been increasing. In recent years, various types of MCCG are used globally. Therefore, establishing relevant guidelines on MCCG is of great significance. The current guidelines containing 23 statements were established based on clinical evidence and expert opinions, mainly focus on aspects including definition and diagnostic accuracy, application population, technical optimization, inspection process, and quality control of MCCG. The level of evidence and strength of recommendations were evaluated. The guidelines are expected to guide the standardized application and scientific innovation of MCCG for the reference of clinicians.

A Single-Center Follow-Up Study of Low-Grade Gastric Intraepithelial Neoplasia and the Screening of Key Genes of Precancerous Lesions.

Objective: The study aimed to summarize the morphological characteristics of low-grade gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and explore its outcomes and risk factors. Additionally, it aimed to screen the core different expression genes (DEGs) of high-grade gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) using bioinformatics methods to identify biomarkers for early gastric cancer outcomes. Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 449 patients with LGIN in the endoscopy center of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2013 to September 2018 were collected for retrospective analysis. The GSE130823 and GSE55696 data sets were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and the GEO2R tool was used to screen DEGs in HGIN and chronic gastritis tissue types. A DEG functional enrichment analysis was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. The STRING database was utilized to create a protein-protein interaction network, and the CytoHubba plug-in was used to screen the key genes of HGIN. Results: The incidence of LGIN increased with age, and most of the patients were aged between 45-59 years (P = 0.048). Lesions were found mainly in the cardia, mostly in people aged 60 (P < 0.05). Progression occurred in 42 of 449 patients, with a 9.4% rate of cancer development. Foci larger than 10 mm, ulcerative lesions, and an Helicobacter pylori-positive result were factors affecting the outcome of LGIN (P < 0.05). Seven core genes of HGIN were screened, including MYC, SOX2, CDX2, TBX3, KRT7, CDKN2A, and MUC5AC. Conclusion: The patients with LGIN reflected the potential for developing cancer. A magnifying gastroscope can contribute to the detection of early gastric cancer. Additionally, the MYC, CDX2, and TBX3 genes may act as specific biomarkers of HGIN.

Identification of a Ferroptosis-Related Signature Model Including mRNAs and lncRNAs for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death involved in tumor progression. The role of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. METHODS: RNA-seq and clinical data for HCC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Genomic Data Commons (GDC) portal. Bioinformatics methods, including weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), Cox regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, were used to identify signature markers for diagnosis/prognosis. The tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration and functional enrichment were compared between the low-risk and high-risk groups. Subsequently, small molecule drugs targeting ferroptosis-related signature components were predicted via the L1000FWD and PubChem databases. RESULTS: The prognostic model consisted of 2 ferroptosis-related mRNAs (SLC1A5 and SLC7A11) and 8 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (AC245297.3, MYLK-AS1, NRAV, SREBF2-AS1, AL031985.3, ZFPM2-AS1, AC015908.3, MSC-AS1). The areas under the curves (AUCs) were 0.830 and 0.806 in the training and test groups, respectively. Decision curve analysis (DCA) revealed that the ferroptosis-related signature performed better than all pathological characteristics. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. The survival probability of low- and high-risk patients could be clearly distinguished by the principal component analysis (PCA) plot. The risk score divided HCC patients into two distinct groups in terms of immune status, especially checkpoint gene expression, which was further supported by the Gene Ontology (GO) biological process, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Finally, several small molecule drugs (SIB-1893, geldanamycin and PD-184352, etc) targeting ferroptosis-related signature components were identified for future reference. CONCLUSION: We constructed a new ferroptosis-related mRNA/lncRNA signature for HCC patients. The model can be used for prognostic prediction and immune evaluation, providing a reference for immunotherapies and targeted therapies.

Influences of pressure on structural and electronic properties of four types of HMX.

The crystal and electronic structures of four polymorphs of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) from 0 to 30 GPa were investigated by using density functional theory. The obtained structural parameters based on the GGA-PBE+TS calculations are in agreement with experimental results at ambient pressure. As the pressure increases, the volumes of the four types of HMX decrease monotonically and the band gaps gradually decrease without any significant discontinuity. Moreover, the peaks of the density of states become lower and the bandwidths become broader, which indicate that the hybridizations become strong under pressure. From the results, we suggest that the impact sensitivity for HMX becomes more and more sensitive with increasing pressure.

[Effect of heme oxygenase on apoptosis and apoptosis genes in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To use heme oxygenase (HO) inducer hemin and a HO inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) to investigate the effect of HO on apoptosis and apoptosis genes in hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. METHODS: Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (24 rats in each): a sham-operation group, an ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group, a hemin-IR group and a ZnPP-IR group. Liver functions, liver histology and hepatocellular apoptosis rates were observed at 0, 1.5, 4 and 8 hours after reperfusion. Hepatocellular apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling; expressions of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operation group, the levels of ALT and AST were increased in the IR group. In the IR group the histological changes found in the livers were swelling of hepatocytes, narrowing of hepatic sinusoids, inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis of hepatocytes in some areas of the livers. In the IR group rate of hepatocellular apoptosis was increased at 0, 1.5, 4 and 8 hours after reperfusion; expression of Bcl-2 was decreased and the expression of caspase-3 was increased. In the hemin-IR group, the levels of ALT and AST were lower, the pathological changes were milder and the rate of hepatocellular apoptosis was lower at 0, 1.5, 4 and 8 hours in comparison to those of the IR group. The expression of Bcl-2 was higher and the expression of caspase-3 was lower in the hemin-IR group in comparison to those of the IR group. The results in the ZnPP-IR group were just the opposite to those of the hemin-IR group. CONCLUSION: HO might play a protective role in hepatic IR injury in rats, and this effect may be related to the inhibition of hepatocellular apoptosis.