Higher Synovial Immunohistochemistry Reactivity of IL-17A, Dkk1, and TGF-ß1 in Patients with Early Psoriatic Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Could Predict the Use of Biologics.

BACKGROUND: Delay in diagnosis and therapy in patients with arthritis commonly leads to progressive articular damage. The study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical reactivity of synovial cytokines associated with inflammation and the bone erosives/neoformatives processes among individuals diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA), with the intention of identifying potential biomarkers. METHODS: Specimens were collected from the inflamed knee joints of patients referred for arthroscopic procedures, and the synovial tissue (ST) was prepared for quantifying protein expression through immunohistochemical analysis (% expressed in Ratio_Area-Intensity) for TGF-ß1, IL-17A, Dkk1, BMP2, BMP4, and Wnt5b. The collected data underwent thorough analysis and examination of their predictive capabilities utilising receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Valid synovial tissue samples were acquired from 40 patients for IHC quantification analysis. Initially, these patients had not undergone treatment with biologics. However, after 5 years, 4 out of 13 patients diagnosed with PsA and two out of nine patients diagnosed with RA had commenced biologic treatments. Individuals with early PsA who received subsequent biologic treatment exhibited significantly elevated IHC reactivity in ST for TGF-ß1 (p = 0.015). Additionally, patients with both PsA and RA who underwent biologic therapy displayed increased IHC reactivity for IL-17A (p = 0.016), TGF-ß1 (p = 0.009), and Dkk1 (p = 0.042). ROC curve analysis of IHC reactivity for TGF-ß1, Dkk1, and IL-17A in the synovial seems to predict future treatment with biologics in the next 5 years with the area under the curve (AUC) of a combined sum of the three values: AUC: 0.828 (95% CI: 0.689-0.968; p 0.005) S 75% E 84.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Higher synovial immunohistochemistry reactivity of IL-17A, Dkk1, and TGF-ß1 in patients with early psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis may serve as potential indicators for predicting the necessity of utilising biologic treatments.

Increased synovial immunohistochemistry reactivity of TGF-ß1 in erosive peripheral psoriatic arthritis.

BACKGROUND: Immune and non-immune cells contribute to the pathology of chronic arthritis, and they can contribute to tissue remodeling and repair as well as disease pathogenesis. The present research aimed to analyze inflammation and bone destruction/regeneration biomarkers in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS: Samples were obtained from the inflamed knee of patients with knee arthritis who had been referred for undergoing arthroscopies. The synovial membrane was processed for pathological description, IHC analysis, and quantification of mRNA expression ratio by qRT-PCR. Serum levels of TGF-ß1, IL-23, IL-6, IL-17 A, IL-22, Dkk1, Sclerostin, BMP2, BMP4, Wnt1, and Wnt5a were measured by ELISA. All these data were analyzed and compared with the demographic, clinical, blood tests, and radiological characteristics of the patients. RESULTS: The synovial membrane samples were obtained from 42 patients for IHC, extraction, and purification of RNA for synovial mRNA expression analysis, and serum for measuring protein levels from 38 patients. IHC reactivity for TGF-ß1 in the synovial tissue was higher in patients with psoriatic arthritis (p 0.036) and was positively correlated with IL-17 A (r = 0.389, p = 0.012), and Dkk1 (r = 0.388, p = 0.012). Gene expression of the IL-17 A was higher in PsA patients (p = 0.018) and was positively correlated with Dkk1 (r = 0.424, p = 0.022) and negatively correlated with BMP2 (r = -0.396, p = 0.033) and BMP4 (r = -0.472, p = 0.010). It was observed that IHC reactivity for TGF-ß1 was higher in patients with erosive PsA (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: The IHC reactivity of TGF-ß1 in synovial tissue was higher in patients with erosive psoriatic arthritis, and TGF-ß1 was in relation to higher levels of gene expression of IL-17 A and Dkk1.

Effect of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and chestnut flour (Castanea sativa mill) on microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of dry-cured sausages during storage.

The effect of chestnut flour (Castanea sativa Mill) on L. plantarum viability and physicochemical characteristics in a dry-cured sausage (Longaniza de Pascua) during storage is discussed. Four batches were prepared: CL with 3% chestnut flour added; CPL with 3% chestnut flour and 8.5 log CFU/g L. plantarum added; PL with 8.5 log CFU/g L. plantarum added and L, the batch control. The sausages were stored at 4 °C and 20 °C, and vacuum packed for 43 d. L. plantarum viability was affected by storage time (P < 0.001). However, higher L. plantarum counts at the final of storage were reached due to chestnut flour addition (P < 0.001). At room storage, chestnut flour caused a higher increase in TBARS values (P = 0.022). Nevertheless, all lipid oxidation treatments were in the range of accepted values at the sensory detection level. In conclusion, Longaniza de Pascua can be kept at 4 °C or 20 °C for 43 d without causing any rancidity problems.

Radiotherapy is safe in patients with implantable cardiac devices. Analysis of a systematic interrogation follow-up.

INTRODUCTION: The number of patients who have a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIEDs) that undergo a course of radiotherapy is increasing due to the ageing population. The majority of clinical studies only evaluate any CIED malfunction at the end of a course of irradiation or in a case of there being symptoms of possible malfunction. As a result, little data has been collected on CIED status acquired during an active course of irradiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We aimed to evaluate the correct functioning of a CIED during a course of radiotherapy. So, a retrospective analysis was made of all patients having CIEDS in a single institution during their course of radiotherapy. All CIEDs were systematically checked before and during the course of radiotherapy according to the risk of device failure and patient dependence. RESULTS: Data was analysed from 56 patients (43 men, 13 women) with a mean age of 78.2 years, of whom 87.5% of the patients carried a pacemaker (PM), the 39% of the patients were PM dependent, and the remaining patients carried an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). An observable dose of irradiation was evident in only 10 cases. 69.1% of the CIEDs were checked daily and the remainder were checked weekly. During the radiotherapy course, 82% of the patients did not complain of any cardiological event. The CIED of five patients experienced an increase in the threshold and, in another case, a sudden reduction in the duration of the battery was reported. Another patient with a CIED experienced a cardiac insufficiency episode triggered by a ventricular tachycardia. CONCLUSION: In conclusions, although adverse clinical events from exposure of a CIED to irradiation are rare, they can appear in any group of risk. No dose-dependency was observed on the malfunction of the CIED.

Mediterranean and Northern Iberian gene pools of wild Castanea sativa Mill. are two differentiated ecotypes originated under natural divergent selection.

Nine wild Iberian provenances of Castanea sativa Mill. grouped in two gene pools, North Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean, were evaluated for several adaptive traits in two provenance-progeny trials with the aim of evaluating the role of natural selection in shaping adaptive variation and increasing our understanding of the genetic structure of this species, as well as reporting complete information on the genetic variation among and within the studied populations. An annual growth rhythm experiment was evaluated during the first 3 years after establishment for phenology, growth, stem form and survival, and a periodic drought-stress experiment was evaluated for dry weight, growth, survival and other related drought traits in both well-watered and drought-stress treatments. The high genetic variability reported in both trials is largely due to the genetic variation among populations. The significant differences reported between quantitative genetic and neutral marker differentiation indicated the local adaptation of these populations through directional selection, mainly for phenology, growth and biomass allocation. A clinal variation among populations was determined through correlations of phenology with latitude and xerothermic index of the provenances, showing that central and southern Mediterranean populations had earlier phenology than northern populations and that drought played a relevant role in this differentiation. The significant correlation between phenological traits and the ancestry values in the Mediterranean gene pool supported the different pattern of behavior between both gene pools and also indicated the existence of two ecotypes: xeric and mesophytic ecotypes, corresponding to Mediterranean and North Iberian gene pools, respectively. The results obtained in the drought-stress experiment confirmed that, in general terms, xeric populations showed a greater adaptability to drought, with more developed root systems and higher survival than northern populations. Moreover, the genetic variability observed within populations indicated the potential response capacity of Iberian C. sativa populations to undergo fast adaptive evolution.

Population and breast cancer patients' analysis reveals the diversity of genomic variation of the BRCA genes in the Mexican population.

Interpretation of variants of unknown significance (VUS) in genetic tests is complicated in ethnically diverse populations, given the lack of information regarding the common spectrum of genetic variation in clinically relevant genes. Public availability of data obtained from high-throughput genotyping and/or exome massive parallel sequencing (MPS)-based projects from several thousands of outbred samples might become useful tools to evaluate the pathogenicity of a VUS, based on its frequency in different populations. In the case of the Mexican and other Latino populations, several thousands of samples have been genotyped or sequenced during the last few years as part of different efforts to identify common variants associated to common diseases. In this report, we analyzed Mexican population data from a sample of 3985 outbred individuals, and additional 66 hereditary breast cancer patients were analyzed in order to better define the spectrum of common genomic variation of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Our analyses identified the most common genetic variants in these clinically relevant genes as well as the presence and frequency of specific pathogenic mutations present in the Mexican population. Analysis of the 3985 population samples by MPS identified three pathogenic mutations in BRCA1, only one population sample showed a BRCA1 exon 16-17 deletion by MLPA. This resulted in a basal prevalence of deleterious mutations of 0.10% (1:996) for BRCA1 and 11 pathogenic mutations in BRCA2, resulting in a basal prevalence of deleterious mutations of 0.276% (1:362) for BRCA2, combined of 0.376% (1:265). Separate analysis of the breast cancer patients identified the presence of pathogenic mutations in 18% (12 pathogenic mutations in 66 patients) of the samples by MPS and 13 additional alterations by MLPA. These results will support a better interpretation of clinical studies focused on the detection of BRCA mutations in Mexican and Latino populations and will help to define the general prevalence of deleterious mutations within these populations.

Hyphoderma paramacaronesicum sp. nov. (Meruliaceae, Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a cryptic lineage to H. macaronesicum.

This article re-evaluates the taxonomy of Hyphoderma macaronesicum based on various strategies, including the cohesion species recognition method through haplotype networks, multilocus genetic analyses using the genealogical concordance phylogenetic concept, as well as species tree reconstruction. The following loci were examined: the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS nrDNA), the intergenic spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (IGS nrDNA), two fragments of the protein-coding RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (RPB2), and two fragments of the translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α). Our results indicate that the name H. macaronesicum includes at least two separate species, one of which is newly described as Hyphoderma paramacaronesicum. The two species are readily distinguished based on the various loci analysed, namely ITS, IGS, RPB2 and EF1-α.

Effect of chitosan edible films added with Thymus moroderi and Thymus piperella essential oil on shelf-life of cooked cured ham.

The aim of this work was to develop chitosan edible films added with essential oils obtained from two Thymus species, Thymus moroderi (TMEO) and Thymus piperella (TPEO) to determine their application for enhancing safety (antioxidant and antibacterial properties) and shelf-life of cooked cured ham (CCH) stored at 4 °C during 21 days. Addition of TMEO and TPEO into chitosan films decreased the aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in coated cooked cured ham samples as compared with uncoated samples. Both AMB and LAB showed the lowest counts in CCH samples coated with chitosan films added with TPEO at 2 %. In regard to lipid oxidation, the CCH samples coated with chitosan films added with TMEO or TPEO had lower degrees of lipid oxidation than uncoated control samples. Chitosan films added with TPEO at 2 % showed the lowest values. The addition of TPEO or TMEO in chitosan films used as coated in CCH improved their shelf life.

Brewery and liquid manure wastewaters as potential feedstocks for microbial fuel cells: a performance study.

This work aims at the comparison of the electrical and chemical performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) fed with several types of brewery and manure industrial wastewaters. Experiments were conducted in a single-cell MFC with the cathode exposed to air operated in batch and fed-batch modes. In fed-batch mode, after 4 days of operation, a standard MFC was refilled with crude wastewater to regenerate the biofilm and recreate initial feeding conditions. Brewery wastewater (CV1) mixed with pig-farm liquid manure (PU sample) gave the highest voltage (199.8 mV) and power density (340 mW/m3) outputs than non-mixed brewery waste water. Also, coulombic efficiency is much larger in the mixture (11%) than in the others (2-3%). However, in terms of chemical oxygen demand removal, the performance showed to be poorer (53%) for the mixed sample than in the pure brewery sample (93%). Fed-batch operation showed to be a good alternate for quasi-continuous operation, with equivalent electrical and chemical yields as compared with normal batchwise operation.

Tomato and tomato byproducts. Human health benefits of lycopene and its application to meat products: a review.

During recent decades, the food industry, consumers, and regulatory authorities have developed a significant interest in functional foods because of their potential benefits for human health over and above their basic nutritional value. Tomato is the second most important vegetable crop in the world. The amount of the related wastes is estimated at up to 50,000 tons per year, representing a serious disposal problem with a consequent negative impact on the environment. Tomato byproducts contain a great variety of biologically active substances, principally lycopene, which have been demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies to possess antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and anticarcinogenic activities. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the functional and physiological properties of the principal bioactive compound present in tomato and tomato byproducts, lycopene, its addition to meat, and meat products.

Effect of tiger nut fibre addition on the quality and safety of a dry-cured pork sausage ("Chorizo") during the dry-curing process.

There is a growing interest in the revalorization of co-products from the food industry. Co-products from tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus) milk production are a suitable fibre source. "Chorizo" is the most popular dry-cured meat product in Spain. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the tiger nut fibre addition (0, 5, and 7.5%) on the quality (composition, physicochemical, and sensorial properties) and safety (oxidation and microbial quality) of a Spanish dry-cured sausage, during the 28days of its dry-curing process. Tiger nut fibre (TNF) addition decreased fat and increased moisture content. The addition of TNF significantly increased (p<0.05) the total dietary fibre content of "Chorizo". Lightness (L*), yellowness (b*) and redness index (a*/b*) were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the fibre content. The addition of 5% and 7.5% TNF to chorizo provided rich fibre and a healthier product. Although there were slight changes in the physicochemical properties, its quality (traditional characteristics) and its safety remained.

Substitution of saturated fat in processed meat products: a review.

The food industry is increasingly directing its efforts to produce and commercialize functional foods where the reduction or even elimination of saturated fat is an important goal. This situation arises from the concern of many institutions and individuals worldwide on the growth of non-transmissible diseases, particularly cardiovascular ones. This article presents a revision of the most important research carried out on processed meat products production and looks at the topic from two principal points of view: the nutritional and technological function of fat and the way in which it is gradually being replaced in the above-mentioned products. Many ingredients have been used to substitute fat but while the results concerning the nutritional composition of the final products are generally acceptable, the sensory aspects are not completely solved. This review emphasizes the use of plastic fats because they allow the highest fat substitution levels during its process and consumption without affecting the product behavior.

Spices as functional foods.

Spices and aromatic herbs have been used since antiquity as preservatives, colorants, and flavor enhancers. Spices, which have long been the basis of traditional medicine in many countries, have also been the subject of study, particularly by the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries, because of their potential use for improving health. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated how these substances act as antioxidants, digestive stimulants, and hypolipidemics and show antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancerigenic activities. These beneficial physiological effects may also have possible preventative applications in a variety of pathologies. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the potential of spices and aromatic herbs as functional foods.

Efectividad del tratamiento no farmacológico para el insomnio crónico de pacientes polimedicados / Effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatment for chronic insomnia in polypharmacy patients

Objetivo Analizar la efectividad de las medidas de higiene del sueño y la terapia conductual basada en el control de estímulos para el insomnio crónico de pacientes polimedicados. Diseño Estudio de intervención sin grupo control tipo antes-después. Emplazamiento Centro de Salud Molino de la Vega (Huelva). Participantes Se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 235 pacientes polimedicados. La intervención se realizó en 28 pacientes que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Intervención Enseñar las medidas de higiene del sueño y la terapia de control de estímulos en sesiones semanales individuales de 30min de duración durante 6 semanas. Intervención Seguimiento con los diarios de sueño y el cuestionario de calidad del sueño de Pittsburg. Mediciones Variables dependientes: calidad del sueño, latencia y tiempo total de sueño, tiempo despierto después de iniciado el sueño. Resultados Se incluyeron 196 pacientes. 65,8% mujeres, edad media de 68,5 años (DE=9,3). El 68,9% duermen mal. Peor calidad del sueño en los que consumen hipnóticos (p=0,001) y en las mujeres (p=0,003). Resultados 28 pacientes iniciaron la intervención, hubo 3 pérdidas. Resultados Tras la misma mejoran todos los parámetros. La puntuación en el cuestionario de calidad del sueño de Pittsburg disminuye en promedio 4,8 puntos (IC95% 3,9–5,6); la latencia en 23,4min (IC95%: 15,2–31,5) y el tiempo despierto después de iniciado el sueño en 34,9 (IC95%: 18,1–51,8); el tiempo total de sueño se incrementa en 71,6min (IC95%: 42,6–100,5). Conclusiones Las medidas en higiene del sueño y el control de estímulos han sido efectivas en pacientes polimedicados con insomnio crónico (AU)

Objective To examine the effectiveness of sleep hygiene education and behavioral therapy based on stimulus control for chronic insomnia in patients using many drugs. Design Quasi-experimental study without before-after control group. Setting Molino de la Vega Health Care Center (Huelva). Participants A random sample of 235 patients using five or more drugs. A total of 28 participants fulfilled the conditions for intervention. Intervention Teaching sleep hygiene and stimulus control for six 30-minute sessions. Follow-up through sleep diaries and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used for monitoring. Measurements The main outcome measures were sleep quality, sleep-onset latency (SL), total sleep time (TST) and total wake time (TWT). Results 196 patients were included in the study (65.8% female, mean age 68.5 (SD 9.3) years. 68.9% of the patients reported sleep problems. Patients using hypnotic drugs (p=0.001) and women (p=0.003) had worse sleep quality. Of the 28 participants enrolled in the intervention, 3 dropped out. The intervention had improved all outcome measures. PSQI score decreased an average of 4.8 points (95% CI: 3.9–5.6); SL decreased 23.4 minutes (95% CI: 15.2–31.5) and TWT 34.9 (95% CI: 18.1–51.8); TST showed an increase in 71.6 minutes (95% CI: 42.6–100.5). Conclusions Sleep hygiene education and stimulus control have been effective in patients with chronic primary insomnia and polypharmacy (AU)

Effect of added citrus fibre and spice essential oils on quality characteristics and shelf-life of mortadella.

The objective of this work was to study the effect of adding orange dietary fibre (1%), rosemary essential oil (0.02%) or thyme essential oil (0.02%) and the storage conditions on the quality characteristics and the shelf-life of mortadella, a bologna-type sausage. The moisture, fat, ash content and colour coordinates lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) were affected by the fibre content. The treatments analysed lowered the levels of residual nitrite (57.56% and 57.61%) and the extent of lipid oxidation, while analysis of the samples revealed the presence of the flavonoids, hesperidin and narirutin. No enterobacteria or psychotropic bacteria were found in any of the treatments. The treated samples stored in vacuum packaging showed the lowest aerobic and lactic acid bacteria counts. Sensorially, the most appreciated sample was the one containing orange dietary fibre and rosemary essential oil, stored in vacuum packaging. Orange dietary fibre and spice essential oils could find a use in the food industry to improve the shelf-life of meat products.

Effect of tiger nut fibre on quality characteristics of pork burger.

Horchata is a refreshing beverage obtained from tiger nut tubers that yields high amount of by-products. These by-products have a high content of fibre that allows its application in the development of dietary fibre rich foods. The utilization of increasing levels (0%-control, 5%, 10% and 15%) of tiger nut fibre (TNF), in the formulation of pork burgers was evaluated. This evaluation was based on: chemical composition, physicochemical, cooking characteristics and sensory properties of burgers. Pork burgers elaborated with TNF had higher nutritional value (higher fibre content) and better cooking characteristics (higher cooking yield, fat retention and moisture retention) than control burgers. Some of the negative changes in colour (a* decrease and b* increase) and texture (chewiness and springiness increase) parameters due to TNF addition observed in raw burgers were masked by the stronger modifications due to the cooking process. Burgers with TNF were perceived as less greasy, less juicy, more grainy and with less meaty flavour than controls; although this perception did not reduce the overall acceptability of burgers. Overall acceptability scores were slightly lower in burgers with 15% TNF, although no significant differences were detected with the scores of control, 5% and 10% TNF burgers. TNF addition to burgers is a promising and convenient application as dietary fibre of burgers was significantly increased without changes in sensory acceptance.

Efectividad del tratamiento no farmacológico para el insomnio crónico de pacientes polimedicados / Effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatment for chronic insomnia in polypharmacy patients

Objetivo: Analizar la efectividad de las medidas de higiene del sueño y la terapia conductual basada en el control de estímulos para el insomnio crónico de pacientes polimedicados. Diseño. Estudio de intervención sin grupo control tipo antes-después. Emplazamiento: Centro de Salud Molino de la Vega (Huelva). Participantes: Se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 235 pacientes polimedicados. La intervención se realizó en 28 pacientes que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Intervención: Enseñar las medidas de higiene del sueño y la terapia de control de estímulos en sesiones semanales individuales de 30min de duración durante 6 semanas. Intervención: Seguimiento con los diarios de sueño y el cuestionario de calidad del sueño de Pittsburg. Mediciones Variables dependientes: calidad del sueño, latencia y tiempo total de sueño, tiempo despierto después de iniciado el sueño. Resultados: Se incluyeron 196 pacientes. 65,8% mujeres, edad media de 68,5 años (DE=9,3). El 68,9% duermen mal. Peor calidad del sueño en los que consumen hipnóticos (p=0,001) y en las mujeres (p=0,003). Resultados: 28 pacientes iniciaron la intervención, hubo 3 pérdidas. Resultados: Tras la misma mejoran todos los parámetros. La puntuación en el cuestionario de calidad del sueño de Pittsburg disminuye en promedio 4,8 puntos (IC95% 3,9–5,6); la latencia en 23,4min (IC95%: 15,2–31,5) y el tiempo despierto después de iniciado el sueño en 34,9 (IC95%: 18,1–51,8); el tiempo total de sueño se incrementa en 71,6min (IC95%: 42,6–100,5). Conclusiones: Las medidas en higiene del sueño y el control de estímulos han sido efectivas en pacientes polimedicados con insomnio crónico (AU)

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of sleep hygiene education and behavioral therapy based on stimulus control for chronic insomnia in patients using many drugs. DesignQuasi-experimental study without before-after control group. Setting Molino de la Vega Health Care Center (Huelva). Participants: A random sample of 235 patients using five or more drugs. A total of 28 participants fulfilled the conditions for intervention. Intervention Teaching sleep hygiene and stimulus control for six 30-minute sessions. Follow-up through sleep diaries and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used for monitoring. Measurements: The main outcome measures were sleep quality, sleep-onset latency (SL), total sleep time (TST) and total wake time (TWT).Results196 patients were included in the study (65.8% female, mean age 68.5 (SD 9.3) years. 68.9% of the patients reported sleep problems. Patients using hypnotic drugs (p=0.001) and women (p=0.003) had worse sleep quality. Of the 28 participants enrolled in the intervention, 3 dropped out. The intervention had improved all outcome measures. PSQI score decreased an average of 4.8 points (95% CI: 3.9–5.6); SL decreased 23.4 minutes (95% CI: 15.2–31.5) and TWT 34.9 (95% CI: 18.1–51.8); TST showed an increase in 71.6 minutes (95% CI: 42.6–100.5). Conclusions: Sleep hygiene education and stimulus control have been effective in patients with chronic primary insomnia and polypharmacy (AU)

Site-specific modulation of white adipose tissue lipid metabolism by oleoyl-estrone and/or rosiglitazone in overweight rats.

In spite of their shared decrease of insulin resistance, oleoyl-estrone [OE], and rosiglitazone show diverging effects on body fat mass and distribution. In this study, we studied whether their effects on white adipose tissue [WAT] were due to a shared or synergistic mechanism of action. Combined effects of OE and rosiglitazone 10-day treatment on WAT lipid, cell mass/number, and the expression of key lipid metabolism and regulatory agents were studied using an adult male overweight rat model. OE decreased WAT cell mass and lipids, parameters not changed by rosiglitazone. The effects of OE and--specially--rosiglitazone were more marked in small-cell WAT (i.e., mesenteric and subcutaneous sites) than in larger cell WAT (retroperitoneal and perigonadal). OE decreased the expressions in WAT of lipogenic enzymes, lipoprotein lipase, PPARs, and SREBP1c, effects symmetrically reversed by rosiglitazone. OE showed no effects on hormone-sensitive lipase expression, which was increased by rosiglitazone. OE strongly inhibited WAT lipogenesis, leaving lipolysis unchanged, thus unbalancing (and helping mobilize) WAT lipid stores. Rosiglitazone acted practically only on small-cell WAT sites, where it favored lipogenesis, but also stimulated lipolysis, which resulted in limited changes in lipid stores. Combination of OE and rosiglitazone induced less fat loss than OE alone.