Correlation between the main clinical, imaging, and arthroscopy findings in patients with temporomandibular disorders.

The purpose of this work was to prospectively correlate the most characteristic clinical symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, such as pain and limitation of mouth opening, with the findings of magnetic resonance imaging (disc position, degenerative changes, and effusion) and arthroscopy findings (roofing, synovitis, chondromalacia, adhesions, and perforations). These examinations were performed in 298 patients diagnosed with internal derangement refractory to conservative treatment. The mean age of the patients was 38.59 years; 92.6% were female. The t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to correlate the findings. Significant relationships were found between pain and disc displacement without reduction (P = 0.033) and effusion (P = 0.003) on MRI, coinciding with correlations between pain and roofing of 0-25% (P = 0.016) and synovitis (P = 0.001) on arthroscopy. A significant relationship was also observed between mouth opening limitation and the presence of osteoarthrosis (P = 0.018) on MRI, and between mouth opening limitation and synovitis (P = 0.022), chondromalacia (P = 0.002), and adhesions (P < 0.001) on arthroscopy. All of these findings were observed in patients with a poor initial clinical situation, which highlights the considerable potential of correlating these data with imaging and arthroscopy findings.

Diplopía secundaria a fractura orbitaria en adultos / Diplopia secondary to orbital fracture in adults

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la incidencia y evolución de la diplopía como complicación de las fracturas orbitarias en adultos. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de los adultos con fractura orbitaria remitidos entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2015. Analizamos la incidencia de diplopía secundaria a la fractura en la fase aguda y su evolución. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo de las variables relativas a los pacientes, las fracturas, y el tratamiento de la fractura y de la diplopía. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron un total de 39 pacientes con edad media de 48años (17-85). Del total, 17 pacientes (43,6%) presentaron diplopía en la fase aguda. Se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos con y sin diplopía para el atrapamiento muscular diagnosticado mediante TC orbitario, la limitación en las ducciones y la cirugía de la fractura ≤ 1semana (p = 0,02; p = 0,00; p = 0,04, respectivamente). De los 17 pacientes con diplopía, 12 tuvieron seguimiento medio de 18 semanas (1-72) y de ellos en 10 (83,3%) la diplopía se resolvió en un tiempo medio de 10semanas (1-72). Se produjo resolución espontánea en 4 pacientes (33,3%), y resolución tras cirugía de la fractura en 4 (57%) de los 7 que fueron intervenidos. En 4c asos (33,3%) se prescribieron prismas, y 2 (16,6%) precisaron cirugía de estrabismo. CONCLUSIONES: La diplopía secundaria a fractura orbitaria en adultos es frecuente pero se resuelve en la mayoría de los casos espontáneamente o tras cirugía de la fractura; una minoría de pacientes precisarán prismas y/o cirugía de estrabismo

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and evolution of diplopia as a complication of orbital fractures in adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A review was conducted on medical records of all consecutive adults with orbital fracture referred between January 2014 and December 2015. An analysis was made of the incidence of diplopia secondary to fracture in the acute phase and its evolution. A descriptive study was performed on the variables related to patients, fractures, and fracture and diplopia treatment. RESULTS: The study included 39 patients with a mean age of 48 years (17-85). Of all the patients, 17 (43.6%) presented with diplopia in the acute phase. Differences were found between the groups with and without diplopia in relation to muscle entrapment diagnosed by orbital computed tomography, duction limitation, and fracture surgery ≤ 1week (P = .02, P = .00, P = .04, respectively). Out of the 17 patients with diplopia, 12 had a mean follow-up of 18 weeks (1-72), and in 10 (83.3%) diplopia was resolved in a mean time of 10 weeks (1-72). There were spontaneous resolution in 4 (33.3%) patients, and resolution after fracture surgery in 4 (57%) of the 7 that underwent surgery. In 4 cases (33.3%) prisms were prescribed, and 2 (16.6%) required strabismus surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Diplopia secondary to orbital fracture in adults is frequent, but it is resolved in most cases spontaneously or after fracture surgery. A few patients will require prisms and/or strabismus surgery

Fibrous condylar dysplasia: Resection and reconstruction with a custom-made TMJ prosthesis using virtual surgical planning.

The main objective of this article is to describe the indications for custom-made alloplastic reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using the new techniques of virtual surgical planning and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology through the study of a clinical case and an updated review of the literature. The patient was a 45-year-old male with a fast-growing condylar dysplasia that produced a progressive facial deformity with limited mandibular mobility, which required a radical resection. Predictable, satisfactory, and stable results over time are described from the aesthetic, functional, and symptomatic points of view, through a comprehensive approach to all the aspects of this case by following an appropriate line of development and using the most current techniques.

Diplopia secondary to orbital fracture in adults. / Diplopía secundaria a fractura orbitaria en adultos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and evolution of diplopia as a complication of orbital fractures in adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A review was conducted on medical records of all consecutive adults with orbital fracture referred between January 2014 and December 2015. An analysis was made of the incidence of diplopia secondary to fracture in the acute phase and its evolution. A descriptive study was performed on the variables related to patients, fractures, and fracture and diplopia treatment. RESULTS: The study included 39patients with a mean age of 48years (17-85). Of all the patients, 17 (43.6%) presented with diplopia in the acute phase. Differences were found between the groups with and without diplopia in relation to muscle entrapment diagnosed by orbital computed tomography, duction limitation, and fracture surgery ≤1week (P=.02, P=.00, P=.04, respectively). Out of the 17patients with diplopia, 12 had a mean follow-up of 18weeks (1-72), and in 10 (83.3%) diplopia was resolved in a mean time of 10weeks (1-72). There were spontaneous resolution in 4 (33.3%) patients, and resolution after fracture surgery in 4 (57%) of the 7 that underwent surgery. In 4cases (33.3%) prisms were prescribed, and 2 (16.6%) required strabismus surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Diplopia secondary to orbital fracture in adults is frequent, but it is resolved in most cases spontaneously or after fracture surgery. A few patients will require prisms and/or strabismus surgery.

Does injection of plasma rich in growth factors after temporomandibular joint arthroscopy improve outcomes in patients with Wilkes stage IV internal derangement? A randomized prospective clinical study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of injection of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) after temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy in patients with Wilkes stage IV internal derangement. Ninety-two patients were randomized to two experimental groups: group A (42 joints) received injections of PRGF, group B (50 joints) received saline injections. Pain intensity on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and maximum mouth opening (MMO, mm) were measured before and after surgery and compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mean age of patients was 35.8 years (range 17-67 years); 86 were female. Significant reductions in pain were noted in both groups after surgery: VAS 7.9 preoperative and 1.4 at 24 months postoperative. Significantly better clinical results were achieved in group A than in group B only at 6 and 12 months postoperative; no significant difference was noted at 18 or 24 months after the surgical intervention. MMO increased after surgery in both groups: 26.2mm preoperative and 36.8mm at 24 months postoperative. No significant differences in MMO were found when the two groups of patients were compared. In conclusion, the injection of PRGF does not add any significant improvement to clinical outcomes at 2 years after surgery in patients with advanced internal derangement of the TMJ.

Tratamiento quirúrgico del granuloma central de células gigantes: estudio y seguimiento de 10 casos. Revisión de la literatura / Surgical treatment of central giant-cell granuloma: Study and follow-up of 10 cases. Literature review

Objetivos: El granuloma central de células gigantes (GCCG) es una lesión benigna, no odontogénica, de origen incierto y con unas características epidemiológicas, clínicas y radiológicas bien conocidas. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es recoger, describir y evaluar nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico de este tipo de lesiones y su seguimiento, haciendo especial hincapié en los datos clínicos y radiológicos así como en las complicaciones y recidivas tras el mismo. Se realiza, además, una revisión de la literatura científica. Material y métodos: Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo de 10 casos intervenidos en nuestro centro entre los años 1998 y 2008. La edad media fue de 35 años. Se describen las características clínicas y radiológicas de cada caso, así como la mejor opción de tratamiento quirúrgico, evaluación del mismo, complicaciones y recidivas. Resultados: Se realiza tratamiento quirúrgico en los 10 casos, de los cuales 4 presentan características clínicas y radiológicas de agresividad. El tratamiento de elección es la escisión y curetaje hasta hueso sano en el 60%, y en el resto resección amplia con márgenes. El periodo de seguimiento medio es de 6,7 años, con una tasa de recidiva del 1%. Conclusión: En nuestra experiencia coincidimos con la mayoría de los autores al considerar el tratamiento quirúrgico de elección en el momento actual, señalando la importancia de realizar un adecuado diagnóstico y una clara diferenciación entre lesiones agresivas y no agresivas para determinar la radicalidad de la intervención(AU)

Objectives: Central giant-cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign, non-odontogenic lesion of uncertain origin and well-known epidemiologic, clinical and radiologic characteristics. The aim of this study was to compile, describe and evaluate the authors' experience with the surgical treatment of CGCG and its follow-up, with special emphasis on clinical and radiologic data, complications and recurrences. The scientific literature was reviewed. Material and methods: A retrospective study was made of 10 cases treated surgically at our center between 1998 and 2008. The mean age of patients was 35 years. The clinical and radiological characteristics of each case were described, as well as the best surgical option and the evaluation, complications, and recurrences. Results: All 10 cases, 4 of which exhibited aggressive clinical and radiologic behavior, were treated surgically. The treatment of choice was excision and curettage to healthy bone in 60% and resection with a surgical margin in the rest. Mean follow-up was 6.7 years and the recurrence rate was 1%. Conclusion: The authors share the opinion of other authors that surgery is currently the treatment of choice. Adequate diagnosis and clear differentiation between aggressive and non-aggressive lesions is important in deciding how radical the intervention should be (AU)