Investigation of maternal polymorphisms in genes related to glucose homeostasis and the influence on birth weight: a cohort study

Abstract Objectives: To contribute to a better understanding of the maternal genetic mechanisms that influence obstetric outcomes and that are involved in maternal and child health, this study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal genetic variants and the offspring birth weight by analyzing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to glucose homeostasis. Methods: Three polymorphisms were analyzed (GCK rs1799884, TCF7L2 rs7903146 and LEPR rs1137101) in 250 pregnant women who participated in a Brazilian prospective cohort study. Genotyping was performed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) using pre-designed TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays. Vitamin D dosage was performed by chemiluminescence. Variance, Pearson's chi-square test and multiple linear regression were used for the statistical analysis. Results: It was possible to verify a significant association between birth weight and maternal GCK rs1799884 when obstetric outcomes, clinical and anthropometric characteristics were taken into consideration. The children of homozygous women for the minor allele GCK rs1799884 presented lower birth weight (β = -335.25, 95% CI = -669.39; -1.17, p = 0.04). Furthermore, a direct link between a leptin receptor variant and gestational duration was found (p = 0.037). Conclusion: The variant GCK rs1799884 (mm) was associated with a reduction in newborn weight in the miscegenated Brazilian population.

Investigation of maternal polymorphisms in genes related to glucose homeostasis and the influence on birth weight: a cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: To contribute to a better understanding of the maternal genetic mechanisms that influence obstetric outcomes and that are involved in maternal and child health, this study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal genetic variants and the offspring birth weight by analyzing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to glucose homeostasis. METHODS: Three polymorphisms were analyzed (GCK rs1799884, TCF7L2 rs7903146 and LEPR rs1137101) in 250 pregnant women who participated in a Brazilian prospective cohort study. Genotyping was performed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) using pre-designed TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays. Vitamin D dosage was performed by chemiluminescence. Variance, Pearson's chi-square test and multiple linear regression were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: It was possible to verify a significant association between birth weight and maternal GCK rs1799884 when obstetric outcomes, clinical and anthropometric characteristics were taken into consideration. The children of homozygous women for the minor allele GCK rs1799884 presented lower birth weight (ß = -335.25, 95% CI = -669.39; -1.17, p = 0.04). Furthermore, a direct link between a leptin receptor variant and gestational duration was found (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: The variant GCK rs1799884 (mm) was associated with a reduction in newborn weight in the miscegenated Brazilian population.

Estudo de fatores relacionados ao controle da tuberculose: resistência às drogas, transmissão e suscetibilidade do hospedeiro / Study of factors related to the control of tuberculosis: resistance to drugs, transmission and host susceptibility

Após ter sido considerada sob controle, a tuberculose ressurgiu na década de 90, sendo atualmente um sério problema de saúde pública envolvendo aspectos sociais e econômicos. Para entender os fatores envolvidos na transmissão e adoecimento pela tuberculose faz se necessário, compreender o tripé de sustentação da doença: ambiente, bacilo e hospedeiro. Em nosso trabalho avaliamos estes três aspectos importantes para a compreensão da epidemiologia da tuberculse em dois municípios da Região Metropolitana do Recife-PE. No Município do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, caracterizamos o padrão de desenvolvimento de cepas resistentes e fatores associados. A freqüência de resistência primária e adquirida a qualquer droga foi 14por cento e 50por cento respectivamente enquanto que a freqüência primária e adquirida para multidroga resistência foi 8,3por cento e 40por cento. Tratamento prévio para tuberculose e abandono de tratamento consistiu em fatores de risco para resistência primária a drogas. A taxa de resistência primária e adquirida principalmente por infecção com linhagens resistentes a Isoniazida e Rifampicina é bastante alta dificultando o controle da transmissão da tuberculose no Cabo. Mapeamos a transmissão da tuberculose utilizando como ferramenta a genotipagem das cepas pelo spoligotyping. Um total de 40 padrões distintos foi observado. Destes, um padrão com nove isolados, três padrões com cinco isolados cada, outros três padrões com quatro isolados, dois padrões com três isolados, cinco padrões com dois isolados cada e vinte e seis padrões com um isolado. A análise da distribuição geográfica dos casos agrupados atendidos no Cabo comparados aos resultados de estudo prévios feito no Posto de Saúde Lessa de Andrade em Recife, que atende pacientes de todo o estado de Pernambuco, mostrou que cepas agrupadas são encontradas em municípios vizinhos. No Município do Recife avaliamos o papel de marcadores genéticos (HLA) do hospedeiro na predisposição para...da tuberculose.