Cómo enseñar neurología con el método de aprendizaje basado en equipo / How to Teach Neurology Using the Team-Based Learning Method

Introducción: La enseñanza de la neurología se ha enfrentado a dificultades hoy en día, por lo que ha surgido el término neurofobia, que caracteriza la dificultad y el miedo que los estudiantes de medicina refieren en todo el mundo cuando se trata del contenido de la neurología. Los estudios han demostrado que las estrategias elegidas tradicionalmente para la enseñanza son las principales causas de este fenómeno. La opción de metodologías como el aprendizaje basado en equipo representa una solución en este contexto. Objetivo: Argumentar cómo se implementa el Aprendizaje Basado en Equipo, sus características y cómo puede desarrollarse la enseñanza de neurología mediante este método. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión integradora, a través de la base de datos ERIC, MEDLINE, PUBMED y EBSCO, y mediante las palabras Aprendizaje, Estrategias de enseñanza, Aprendizaje en Equipo, neurología y Examen neurológico, entre 2002 y 2019. Los estudios se incluyeron si trataban sobre el beneficio del método de Aprendizaje Basado en Equipo de neurología, sus características y principios. Resultados: Se encontraron 14 artículos y revisiones sistemáticas, en los cuales el método se definió en cuanto a sus principios y beneficios para el Aprendizaje en neurología, lo que reiteró su papel como una solución para contextos en los que resultaba difícil aprender estos contenidos. Conclusiones: La aplicación de este método requiere, según la revisión, una adecuada planificación y desarrollo de instrumentos de evaluación. Los beneficios del método son evidentes, incluso, como una opción en la lucha contra la neurofobia(AU)

Introduction: Neurology teaching has faced difficulties nowadays, the reason why the term neurophobia has emerged, used to characterize any difficulty and fear that medical students worldwide report when it comes to Neurology-related content. Studies have shown that traditionally chosen teaching strategies are the main causes for this phenomenon. Methodological choices, such as team-based learning, represents a solution in this context. Objective: To argue how team-based learning is implemented, its characteristics and how Neurology teaching can be developed using this method. Methods: An integrative review was carried out, between 2002 and 2019, in the ERIC, MEDLINE, PUBMED and EBSCO databases, using the words aprendizaje [learning], estrategias de enseñanza [teaching strategies], aprendizaje en equipo [team learning], neurología [neurology] and examen neurológico [neurological examination]. The studies were included if they dealt with the benefit of the neurology team-based learning method, its characteristics and principles. Results: Fourteen articles and systematic reviews were found, in which the method was defined in terms of its principles and benefits for neurology learning, which reinforced its role as a solution for settings in which it was difficult to learn these contents. Conclusions: The application of this method requires, according to the literature review, adequate planning and development of evaluation instruments. The benefits of the method are evident, even as an option in the fight against neurophobia(AU)

Characterization of cognitive performance and evaluation of quality of life among patients with HTLV-1.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize cognitive alterations among patients with HTLV-1, ascertain what is associated with these alterations and evaluate these patients' quality of life. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients infected by HTLV-1 who were seen at the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital from March 2014 to June 2015 were included in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire and the Mini-Mental State Examination, Color Trails Test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF36) were used. "Low IQ" scores were defined for WAIS-III as under 80 points. Results Fifty-five patients were evaluated: 26% presented altered MMSE, 38%, altered Color Trails Test; 10.9% presented low total IQ; 12.7%, low executive IQ; and 10.9%, low verbal IQ. There was no association between low total IQ and any characteristics of the patient or of the HTLV infection. Paraparesis and anxiety disorders were significantly associated with worse quality of life. CONCLUSION: High frequency of cognitive impairment was found in patients with HTLV, thus suggesting that these alterations are an important clinical manifestation of this virus.